Rau ntau xyoo, pears raug zus tsuas yog nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Russia. Lub zog hnyav ntawm cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj tsis pab kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj, qus plantings (dikki) yog tsuas yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pear.
Qhov teeb meem no tau hloov thaum pib xyoo pua nees nkaum, thaum twg nyob rau hauv Khabarovsk breeder A. Lukashov. pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau cultivation ntawm lub tshiab lub regional cultivated ntau yam. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov haujlwm pear ntau hom, piav qhia thiab yees duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm uas - tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Zoo li cas?
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ripening pear ntsiab yog ib nrab autumn ntau yam.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev faib
Rau lub hauv paus ntawm xaiv Lukashov A.M. coj lub zos qus hom - Ussuri pear. Pollen ntawm no tsiaj raug siv los ua txheej txheem paj ntawm ntau yam "Finnish daj".
Nyob rau hauv 1917, thawj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm hybrid seedlings tshwm. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov khoom no yog lub hauv paus rau tsim ib tug tshiab ntau yam ntawm pears, hu ua Kawm.
Hauv lub sijhawm 40s, qhov chaw yug me nyuam tau pauv mus rau Lub Xeev kuaj thiab pom zoo rau kev cog qoob loo hauv thaj chaw Far East thiab West Siberian cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, pear ntsiab kis thoob plaws hauv sab hnub tuaj chaw tshaj li ntawm Urals.
Cov nram qab no ntau yam ua zoo nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam: Krasulia, Lada, Nyiam Yakovleva, Tsev yug thiab Decakrinka.
Kev piav qhia qib kawm
Xav txog qhov txawv ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tsob Ntoo
Cov ntoo muab ntau yam yog cov siab heev. Muaj ib qhov dav thoob yas hauv yas.
Los ntawm pob tw, lub pob txha yuav ua rau ntawm ib lub ces kaum los ntawm ib lub voj ("whorls"). Tsob ntoo thawv ntoo flaky, xim xim av.
Nplooj on cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj ib tug ovate duab (sib npaug puag thiab taw sab saum toj), me ntsis curved, muaj ib tug zoo serration rau ntawm sawv.
Qhov tsaus ntsuab sab sab ntawm nplooj ntoo muaj ib tug glossy sheen, qis ib feem ntawm nplooj yog ntxhib, ib feem pubescent (chaw), thiab muaj ib lub teeb ntsuab xim. Paj dawb pears monochrome, medium loj.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Pear ntau yam Kawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm mass fruiting ntawm cov ntoo muaj qhov nruab nrab loj, lawv cov nyhav yog 110 mus rau 130 g. Cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings muab txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj - los ntawm 150 mus rau 200 g.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam yog me ntsis sib npaug, muaj ib tug dav lub dab teglub teeb daj. Los ntawm ob sab sab hnub ci, pears raug tsim muag muag liab pliv.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog dull, me ntsis ntxhib mus rau lub kov, muaj ntau subcutaneous tsaus ntsiab lus. Lub qia yog ntev (los ntawm 2 mus rau 4 cm), tuab, me ntsis curved.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo pulp dawb, nplua-grained, medium ntom, muaj kua, muaj ntxhiab. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog haum rau kev siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab thiab raws li ib tug hauv paus rau kev txuag (kua txiv, jam, jam).
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg tus pear ntau yam Yam:
| Muaj pes tsawg leeg | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 10-11% |
| Ascorbic acid | 19.5 mg / 100 g |
| Tanning cov neeg ua hauj lawm | nce txog 0.6% |
| Pectic tshuaj | 0,3% |
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv
Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm cultivation (Siberia thiab Far East) txiv hmab txiv ntoo khiav tawm thaum pib ntawm Autumn (thaum lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj). Nyob rau hauv lub Urals, nyob rau hauv me ntsis climates, qoob loo yog harvested nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj.
Pears ntawm no ntau yam, ncav ripeness, massively showered rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog qhov no cov qoob loo raug tshem tawm ntawm tsob ntoo sai li sai tau.
Tastes ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhia tag nrho tom qab 3-5 hnub ntawm txaj.
Yog hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm pears, them sai sai rau lub Cosmic, Marble, Karataevskaya, Kupava thiab Talgar Beauty.
Lub sijhawm qoob loo cia tsis muaj cov mob tshwj xeeb tsis pub dhau 3 lub lis piam. Nyob rau hauv cia nrog ib qho kev nyab xeeb huab cua, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis poob lawv cov khoom. hauv 2 lub hlis.
Qib "Ntsiab" - kheej infertile. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators yog ntau yam ntawm pears "Olga", "Liaj teb" thiab "Palmyra".
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los nyob rau hauv lub teb yog 12,000 kg / Ha (30-40 kg los ntawm ib tsob ntoo). Qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws tau muab tso rau ntawm theem 26,000 kg / his.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm cov ntoo yog heev siab muab lub pears yog nyob rau ib toj. Nyob rau hauv cov lowlands, cov nroj tsuag feem ntau khov me ntsis.
Kev ua puav pheej yog qhov zoo.
Nws ua rau muaj ntau yam huab cua phem. - overabundance los yog tsis muaj noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av.
Cov high-yielding ntau yam ntawm pears xws li: Duchess pears, Extravaganza, Bere Bosk, Bere Russkaya thiab Tonkovetka.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Pears ntawm no ntau yam tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau mus rau tej yam kev mob ntawm kev loj hlob. Lawv loj hlob zoo heev rau ntau hom av.
Tsis tas yuav tsum tau niaj zaus dej los yog kua dej ntau dhau lawm.
Qhov tsuas yog rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov ntoo yog lawv qhov chaw nyob nce siab (kom tiv thaiv khov).
Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntoo muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv li niaj zaus spraying, rhuav pov ntawm diseased thiab qhuav ceg ntawm cuam tshuam txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Zoo nkauj txheeb resistant rau defeat //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Cov kab mob ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm pear, cuam tshuam cov ntoo mus rau lub siab.
Yuav kom tua cov kabmob dub, kabmob hlawv, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawg, xeb thiab powdery mildew, ntoo txau nrog tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom thiab kev kho cov nroj tsuag agrotechnical thiab cov av nyob ib ncig lawv.
Ntawm cov pests primacy tuav npauj thiab npauj. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav cov qoob loo, yog tias lub sij hawm tsis ntsuas kev tiv thaiv lawv. Cov haujlwm niaj hnub raug xam tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. txau ntoo nrog fungicides.
Desert Rossoshanskaya, Osennaya Yakovleva, Larinskaya, Svarog thiab Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya qhia tau zoo scab tsis kam.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam. Pom zoo rau txoj kev loj hlob.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov hoob kawm no muaj xws li high school lub caij ntuj no hardinesstxaus cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj rau thaj av ntawm Siberia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj, zoo tawm los, ua rau huab cua tsis zoo.
Cov neeg tsis pom kev tuaj yeem xav tau es nruab nrab saj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lawv nyiam kom poob thiab lub sij hawm luv luv sau qoob loo.
Cov qib kawm tam sim no tsis tau kis tau ntau. Siv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm yug me nyuam.
