Lub Kua ntau yam Moscow lub caij ntuj no yog dav paub ntawm industrial gardeners.
Nws lub ntsiab zoo: ntxiag saj thiab ntev cia ntawm nraus txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kua ntoo ntawm qib no coj tau ib tug zoo sau thiab yuav thov rau gardeners rau ntau xyoo.
Zoo li cas?
Kua ntoo yuav mus rau Autumn ntau yam ntawm apples. Sau yuav tsum pib sau nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj hlis - thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj. By lub sij hawm no, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nce optimal qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 120 grams.
Harvesting yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ua sawv, thiaj li hais tias tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen. Ripe apples yog zoo khaws cia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cia qhov chaw rau lawv yuav yog lub cellar. Cia cov txiv qab zib cia rau hauv cov thawv ntoo.
Board: Tsis txhob khaws cov txiv apples hauv hnab yas.
Pollination
Kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam pollinated by kab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm pollination, lawv emit ib tug heev qab zib aroma, uas attracts ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm bees.
Kev piav qhia ntau yam Moscow lub caij ntuj no
Muaj coob tus gardeners ntseeg hais tias lub caij ntuj no apples yog kws ntsuab.
Cov txiv apples los ntawm lawv qhov kev ua pov thawj pom qhov rov qab.
Kua ntoo ntawm qib no yog siab heev. Lawv cov yas yog tuab, sib npaug. Cov ceg feem ntau yog kab rov tav.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tsis yog tuab, xim av. Yoojyim vwm, tsaus ntsuab xim. Nplooj ntoos phaj zoo wrinkled, ntseeg tau pubescent.
Qhov sawv ntawm lub phaj yog ntseeg tau jagged. Lub inflorescence yog medium loj, liab.
Cov xim ntawm lub kua yog ntsuab, tab sis raws li nws ripens ib tug liab ntse blush tshwm. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj heev, hloov cov duab. Cov tav qhwv tsis yog hais.
Daim tawv nqaij yog ntawm qhov nruab nrab thickness, du rau qhov kov. Cov pob me me subcutaneous yog pom thoob tag nrho ntawm lub kua.
Noob yog me me, noob chav ntawm cov hom kaw. Lub phais yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov ncaj, tiaj tus. Lub funnel yog ntiav, me ntsis xim av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sawv. Cov nqaij yog qab zib thiab qaub, ntom, dawb.
Diam duab
Ob peb cov duab uas koj pom tau qhov tsos:
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Kua ntau yam Moscow Lub caij ntuj no tau txais nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Moscow State University. Mv Lomonosov nyob rau hauv 1963. Kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab ntau yam SI Isaev.
Kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam tau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev nkag ntawm Welsey thiab Antonovka ntau yam. Rau qhov sim tau xaiv 15 ntoo ntawm leej niam muaj hnub nyoog 10 xyoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm leej txiv ntau yam tau ua Antonovka dog dig. Thaum lub sij hawm hybridization, leej niam ntau - Welsey ob zaug pollinated los ntawm leej txiv ntau yam. Ob pollulations tau zoo, thiab breeder muaj peev xwm sau cov noob ntawm ib tug hybrid ntau yam.
Ua ntej ntxiv cog, lub noob twb stratified los ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj mus rau Lub peb hlis ntuj. Noob raug cog nyob rau hauv hnyav mob kom muab ib tug tshiab ntau yam ntawm Frost tsis kam.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm seedlings ntawm tshiab ntau yam tau nqa tawm raws li txoj kev ntawm tus cob qhia.
Kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw thiab kev hloov ua qauv rau lwm thaj chaw
Lub cheeb tsam ntawm ntuj loj hlob ntau yam Moscow lub caij ntuj no - Central Russia. Qhov ntau yam tshwj xeeb yog bred rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, tab sis vim nws frost tsis kam, nws kuj adapts zoo nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug colder kev nyab xeeb.
Yog hais tias ntau yam loj hlob nyob rau hauv drought tej yam kev mob, ces rau nws hloov adaptation, ntau cov dej yuav tsum tau.. Txij li thaum apples nqus cov kua nruab nrab ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv ib tug dissolved daim ntawv, lawv nyiam xoob thiab moist av.
Nrog ib tug tsis muaj noo noo, lub kua ntoo tsis accumulate qhov tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm tseem ceeb tshuaj, uas yuav ua rau kom depletion ntawm Kua ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv hnyav tej yam kev mob, cov av yog heev neeg pluag thiab muaj ob peb muab kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum adapting ntau yam rau cov mob mob khaub thuas yuav tsum tau xyuas kom tsis tu ncua.
Rau thaum ntxov adaptation ntawm ib tug hluas seedling, fertilizing xav tau kev pab 2 ib xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yuav tsum zoo folded nrog foliage thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Kua ntoo tsis khov.
Tawm
Moscow ntau lub caij ntuj no siv rau high-yielding. Qhov no ntau yam yuav coj thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 6 xyoo tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj. Sau tagnrho muaj ntau heev; nrog kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov dejnum zoo, li ntawm 80 kilograms ntawm apples yuav tua los ntawm ib tsob ntoo.
Qhov no ntau fructifies txhua txhua xyoo, tab sis nrog lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo lub zaus ntawm fruiting txo. Mature txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav - 120 grams.
Harvested apples rau ib lub sij hawm ntev khaws lawv cov yam ntxwv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qib no yog tsim rau kev muag khoom.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Yuav kom tig koj lub tsob ntoo tuaj rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub vaj, koj yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus saib xyuas nws.
Kua ntau yam Moscow lub caij ntuj no yog yooj yim txaus los cog. Lawv unpretentious mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob, tab sis tseem lub chaw tshaj plaws haum rau Kua ntoo yuav zoo lit.
Kua ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov nrog lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Seedlings ntawm no ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws cog rau hauv Autumn los ntawm lig Cuaj hlis mus rau ib nrab-Lub kaum hli ntuj. Rau cog, koj yuav tsum npaj cov pits nrog ib tug dav ntawm 1 meter, thiab ib tug tob ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 60 centimeters.
Hauv av nyob rau hauv lub qhov yuav tsum tau fertilized thiab maj mam crushed. Tom qab cog, lub tsob ntoo kua ntoo yuav tsum tau muab dej zoo zoo, qhov no yuav pab kom nws hloov tau.
Kev tu ib lub tsob ntoo yog tsis nyuaj, tab sis nws lub ntsiab feature yog tias nws yuav tsum tau qhia. Kaw tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm kev saib xyuas, koj yuav tsum muab koj cov kua ntoo sai sai rau koj.
Lub ntsiab ntawm kev saib xyuas tsis zoo muaj xws li tshwm sim ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kab tsuag.
Kev kho kom zoo yuav tsum muaj xws li ntsuas.:
- Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav: tshuaj ntsuam ntawm tsob ntoo; tshem tawm ntawm puas ceg, kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab.
- Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov: li niaj zaus watering, Kab Tsuag tswj, xoob thiab ntxuav cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo.
- Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn: whitewashing lub pob tw, fertilization.
Kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Kua ntau yam Moscow lub caij ntuj no tsis yog mob. Lawv yog cov nyhav me ntsis rau scab. Vim yog tsis saib xyuas zoo, kab mob xws li:
- Cytosporosis. Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cytosporosis yuav tsum yog complex. Ua ntej lub buds o, lub kua ntoo yuav tsum tau sprayed nrog Hom, thiab ua ntej flowering nrog ib tug daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate.
- Kab mob hlawv. Kev pabcuam thawj zaug rau tsob ntoo nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kev mob. Qhov cuam tshuam cov ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab lub tsob ntoo ntoo nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau disinfected.
- Kabmob dub. Thaum kev soj ntsuam nrog kev mob qog nqaij hlav dub, cov ceg ntoo yuav raug txiav tawm, thiab cov tawv ntoo raug tshem tawm. Lub qhov txhab yuav tsum raug kho, thiab tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau tso tshuaj tua kab mob.
Pests yuav ua puas tsis tau tsuas yog cov qoob loo, tab sis kuj yog Kua ntoo nws tus kheej. Cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob yooj yim:
- Ntsuab aphid. Yuav kom ua puas rau aphids, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov ntoo tsuag nrog ib tug cuav ntawm luam yeeb los yog ib qho xuabmoos ntawm tsev neeg xab npum.
- Kua Mole. Txau ntawm tsob ntoo nrog chlorophos daws yuav ua kom puas no parasite.
- Sheet ciaj ntswj. Qhov no kab yog teeb meem feem rau nplooj. Tsuas pub nitrophene daws tau kev tiv thaiv nrog nws.
- Kua paj hlwb. Yuav kom khaws tau paj thiab lub zes qe menyuam, cov kua ntoo yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tsuag nrog Carbofos los yog Chlorophos.
Summing li, peb yuav hais tias Moscow lub caij ntuj no ntau yam ntawm apples yog tagnrho rau industrial yug me nyuam.
Qhov ntau yam no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom, raws li nws cov txee lub neej ntev thiab cov khoom muag ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig heev rau kev muag khoom.