Lub yim hli ntuj - pib ntawm lub kua pore, uas kav mus txog qhov Frost.
Nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam, ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam sib txawv ntawm apples yog sprouting, txhua ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.
Ib qho ntawm nrov ntau yam yog lub kua ntoo Marina.
Zoo li cas?
Kua ntau hom Marina yog hais txog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntau yamNws feem ntau yog tua tau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, ua ntej lub caij ntuj no. Qhov ntau yam yog nthuav heev vim hais tias nws yog resistant rau Frost, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tsob ntoo nws tus kheej cia tau zam txawm hnyav winters.
Rau lub caij ntuj no, rau nyuaj frosts, nws yog pom zoo kom khaws apples nyob rau hauv thawv, koj muaj peev xwm muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub cellar. Txawm tias lawv tsis kam mus ua txias, txiv apples yuav muab khaws cia zoo dua hauv qhov cellars.
Lub sij hawm cia rau txiv apples yog 150 hnub, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg nkaus mob kom txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis.
Pollination
Zoo pollination tseem ceeb heev rau cov kua ntoo no, vim nws tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nce nws cov qoob loo.
Raws li rau no ntau yam, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej pollination, txwv tsis pub muaj tej zaum yuav tsis muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho.
Thaum lub sij hawm pollination, ib tsob ntoo kua txiv tau txais paj ntoos los ntawm lwm tsob ntoo lossis nroj tsuag ua ntej fertilization. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yuav Cross-pollination, bees feem ntau pab tsim nws.
Ua tsaug rau cov muv, ib tsob ntoo kua muaj peev xwm raug pollinated txawm tias los ntawm ib tsob nroj nyob ob peb kilometers ntawm deb.
Yog xav kom ib tug zoo sau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau cog cov ntoo kua ntoo yam tsawg kawg hauv ob leeg.
Yog tias koj qhov chaw nyob ntawm lwm lub vaj, ces txawm tias ib tsob ntoo kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav muab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis nws yuav zoo dua tuaj cog cov ntoo hauv ob peb leeg. Nws yog pom zoo kom cog ze li ntawm ob hom sib txawv uas tawg rau tib lub sijhawm..
Rau lub zej zog nrog lub kua ntoo Marina, twg Ural ntau yam yuav siv, raws li tsob ntoo nws tus kheej yog fruitless, lwm yam Autumn-lub caij ntuj no Kua ntoo tau muab nws.
Ntau cov qus ornamental kua ntoo kuj muaj cov kab mob zoo heev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinator yog tseem xam Anis Sverdlovsk.
Nqe lus piav txog ntau yam Marina
Tsob ntoo muaj ib qho sib npaug crown thiab qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm cov ceg, qhov loj me me yog qhov nruab nrab. Lub txig yog grey, du, txav deb ntawm lub pob tw ntawm ib kaum ntawm 90 degrees.
Muaj ntau nplooj ntoo rau ntawm tsob ntoo, lawv muaj xim ntsuab, npub, ntsws. Cov nplooj ntoos phom tuaj lawm, lub txiav tau qhov nruab nrab ntev.
Cov paj ntawm tsob ntoo yog me me, muaj kev sib thooj zoo thiab muaj xim dawb, thiab lawv cov buds pinkish. Tus tua ntawm tsob ntoo yog xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim, puag ncig zoo thiab nyias, cia.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo muaj qhov nruab nrab loj, lawv qhov hnyav ntawm nws 90-130 grams. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav luag zoo tib yam, me ntsis flattened on sab. Marina apples yog tus, muaj ib tug qhuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Xim: nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo daj, nyob rau hauv ntau ripe liab yuav luag tag nrho tshaj lub saum npoo, striped. Cov txiv ntoo muaj sab, me noob.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawv txav qauv, qaub, coarse-grained. Cov xim ntawm pulp yog ci dawb. Apples yog qaub-Sweet, heev fragrant. Lawv muaj peev xwm muab cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog consumed ob qho tib si tshiab thiab tom qab ua.
Diam duab
Qee cov duab qhia txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kua ntau "Marina":
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo Marina yog bred nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb Sverdlovsk Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm Tebchaw by hla ob ntau yam - Nega thiab Gems.
Ntau zoned nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Volga-Vyatka. Lub ntsiab cheeb tsam tuaj yeem hu ua tag nrho ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub Urals. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau lawv los khom ua lwm yam kev nyab xeeb. Tus sau ntawm ntau yam yog L. Kotov.
Tawm
Apple-tsob ntoo Marina muab me me txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txawm li cas los, qhov no tsob ntoo yog heev fruitful. Tom qab lub kas fes, cov ntoo pib tsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm ntseeg tau tas li yields.
Kua yieldivity yog siab heev, raws li tsob ntoo ua rau cov kev hloov hauv cov huab cua puag - lub paj tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nws lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no ntau yog resistant rau scab, muaj ib tug siab teb tsis kam nyob rau hauv txhua lub xyoo.
Piv txwv, yog tias koj tso kua txiv rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 3 mus rau 6 m, cov qoob loo yuav yog kwv yees li 200 vam meej ib hectare.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Qhov ntau yam no tsis yog xim yeem, tab sis kom paub tseeb yields, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee cov cai.
Tag nrho cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis lawv nyiam ntau lub teeb thiab tshav ntuj. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau cog cov ntoo hauv cov lowlands, uas nquag rau txhav, thiab nyob ze ze ntawm qhov tsis sib qhov av.
Yog hais tias cov av yog alkaline los yog acidic - av reclamation yuav tsum tau, lub tsob ntoo kua yuav zoo tshaj plaws loj hlob on grey, hav zoov thiab sod-podzolic dub xau nrog qaub acidity. Tiam sis, feem ntau, cov ntoo ntoo Apple tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov av.
Kua ntoo tsis yuav tsum tau txij nkawm, raws li lawv yog cov unpretentious kiag li nyob rau hauv dacha tej yam kev mob. Nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev txwv hauv lub caij ntuj no los ntawm kab tsuag thiab nas.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog ib qho kua ntoo nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej Bud so, los yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ua ntej pib qhov loj heev Frost. Apple Marina tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej, yog hais tias nyob rau lwm qhov chaw muaj ib qho chaw txaus kom muaj cov pollinators.
Txawm li ntawd los, nws yog zoo dua tsis raug nws, thiab cog nws tom ntej mus rau lwm cov Ural ntau yam ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, nyob rau hauv uas qhov twg nws yuav twv yuav raug hu dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Txawm hais tias koj cov ntoo hauv lub vaj hauv cov nroj tsuag tas li tsim cov qoob loo, muaj ib hnub tsis zoo hnub, tej yam yuav hloov yog tias tsob ntoo muaj kab mob los yog kab tsuag.
Xav txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- Powdery Mildew Disease. Nws spoils tua thiab nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo, cov nplooj wither thiab cov tua cease loj hlob. Yuav kom tawm tsam nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho cov ntoo nrog Topaz los yog Scor, uas yog diluted nyob rau hauv dej. Kev kho mob tseem yog tom qab flowering - cov ntoo raug kho nrog tooj liab oxychloride.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub manifestation ntawm xim av me ntsis on txiv hmab txiv ntoo, on uas puab tshwm. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm rot, koj yuav tsum tau tso 40 grams ntawm cov tshuaj Hom nyob rau ib thoob dej thiab tshuaj tsuag cov ntoo - ib zaug thaum lub sij hawm qhov tsos ntawm nplooj thiab ib zaug tom qab flowering.- Kab mob hlawv tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thaum cog tsob ntoo, nws yog ib tug kab mob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov nplooj tig dub thiab lwj, lawv hloov cov kev hloov, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj deteriorate. Nws yog ua tau kom ua kom muaj kab mob tsuas yog los ntawm kev tshem qhov ua kom pom tseeb thiab muab khi rau cov ntoo uas muaj lub vuam khawm. Tom qab nws yog disinfected nrog tooj liab sulfate.
- Kabmob dub - Ib tug kab mob loj heev ntawm bark thiab nplooj. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm tsis ua haujlwm - koj tuaj yeem plam tag nrho tsob ntoo. Tshaj pom nyob rau hauv cov tsos rau ntawm nplooj ntawm dub me ntsis uas yog tas li loj hlob. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tus kab mob, lub cuam tshuam ceg yuav tsum tau muab tws, ces lub pob tw thiab deciduous ib feem yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug daws ntawm boric kua.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub manifestation ntawm xim av me ntsis on txiv hmab txiv ntoo, on uas puab tshwm. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm rot, koj yuav tsum tau tso 40 grams ntawm cov tshuaj Hom nyob rau ib thoob dej thiab tshuaj tsuag cov ntoo - ib zaug thaum lub sij hawm qhov tsos ntawm nplooj thiab ib zaug tom qab flowering.
Ntawm cov kab tsuag loj tshaj plaws yuav ua rau:
- Ntsuab aphid - cov kab ntau heev. Aphids noj foliage thiab kev puas tsuaj nplooj. Ladybirds raug suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho mob rau kev sib ntaus tawm tsam aphids. Yog hais tias tsis muaj chaw mus noj xws li kab, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho cov nplooj nrog ib tug ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab xab npum.
- Liab zuam - Cov kab winters yau yau hauv daim tawv nqaij, nrog txhua tus qoob loo tshiab tseem ua rau nws mob. Zuam nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas ua kom lawv qhuav. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ticks, bark yog raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm tsob ntoo thiab hlawv. Koj tuaj yeem yuav tshuaj tsuag kua dicofolom.
Kua Mole. Kab winters nyob rau hauv bark, ces settles on nplooj, uas yog pib mus nquag noj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub caterpillars multiply sai, uas dais zoo kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntoo. Tshuaj tsuag cov nplooj nrog ib tug daws ntawm chlorophos thiab moth yuav tsis raug scary rau cov ntoo.- Moth. Lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg lub caij ntuj no hauv av thiab av tsoo. Lawv ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no hauv lub cocoon thaum tom qab yug, tus kab nyuam dev pupates, thiab ces pib nteg qe ntawm nplooj thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, lub caterpillars ua puas lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ncav lub heev noob. Nws tsis yog yooj yim mus tua nws, vim qhov no koj yuav tsum tshem tag nrho cov cuam tshuam apples thiab coj lawv kom deb li deb tau, ua kom puas lub qub ntoo, thiab kuj sau lub carrion nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm. Kev siv tshuaj Karbophos tuaj yeem siv rau kev tua kabmob.
Kua Mole. Kab winters nyob rau hauv bark, ces settles on nplooj, uas yog pib mus nquag noj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub caterpillars multiply sai, uas dais zoo kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntoo. Tshuaj tsuag cov nplooj nrog ib tug daws ntawm chlorophos thiab moth yuav tsis raug scary rau cov ntoo.
Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias tiv thaiv qhov pom ntawm pests yog yooj yim dua tshaj tau tshem ntawm lawv. Kev tu cev tsis tu ncua yuav pab kom paub txog qhov teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj lossis kab mob hauv cov ntoo.
Kua ntoo tsis tseev kom muaj tej yam tshwj xeeb, thaum nws muab zoo yields. Nws cov txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws yog cov tsis kam mus rau qhov chaw mos, qhov te thiab lub neej ntev ntev. Qhov disadvantage ntawm ntau yam yog cov friability ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
