Ntawm ntau cov kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab feem ntau pom muaj ntau hom rot.
Qhov no yog dabtsi? Vim li cas lub grapes rot rau ntawm vine, nyob rau berries nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes? Peb hom hom rot feem ntau yog: grey, dawb thiab dub.
Hom twg yuav kis tau paug thiab uas tsis yog? Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txaus ntshai?
Cia peb sim seb vim li cas lawv thiaj li, yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab thiab seb yuav ua li cas yog hais tias tus kab mob twb tshwm sim lawm.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob
Cov hom kev sib tw sib txawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej sib txawv. Vim li cas lawv cov tsos kuj sib txawv. Grey thiab dub txhav tau tshwm sim tom qab ntev rains, thiab dawb, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, los ntawm ib tug ntev drought.
Yog li, grey thiab dawb rot tshwm tsuas yog nyob rau tag nrho ripe berries. Cov cim qhia ntawm nws tshwm sim yog dawb, fluffy moldy plaque npog feem ntau ntawm cov berries. Qee lub sij hawm tus kab mob yuav pib nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov nplooj thiab tua.
Dub rot pib nrog cov tsos ntawm nplooj ntawm me me brownish me ntsis nrog tsaus sawv. Txij lub sij hawm, tus kab mob cuam tshuam lub berries thiab yog ib qho txaus ntshai rau cov qoob loo.
Feem ntau cov phom cuam tshuam tsuas yog lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lub sij hawm ripening. Tab sis qee hom hom rot yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
Hom rot
Nws muaj ob peb hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov feem ntau nrov ntawm lawv: dawb, dub thiab grey.
Dawb
Dawb rot tshwm tuaj raws li ib qho tshwm sim ntawm kev kis tau tus kab mob nrog ib hom fungus. Sab nraud cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob no tau muab faib ua ob peb theem:
- me me daj me ntsis tshwm rau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- berries shrink thiab shrink nyob rau hauv loj;
- cov qoob loo ua suab paj nruag, berries yog them nrog pwm;
- tawm qhuav thiab tig tsaus nti.
Tsis tshua muaj me ntsis pob txha nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab.
Hauv qab no yog cov duab ntawm dawb rot ntawm grapes:
Dub
Dub rot winters nyob rau vine vine. Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm lub loj hlob kom nquag plias ntawm tua, nplooj thiab berries yog kis.
Kwv yees li ntawm 2 lub lis piam tom qab kis tau tus kab mob, cov xim av uas muaj xim dub tshwm ntawm nplooj.
Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm flowering xws li tej zaum yuav tshwm rau ntawm crests thiab petioles. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus kab mob mus rau berries thiab zoo li ib tug maub hlawv rau hauv lub hauv. Txij lub sij hawm, lub berries shrivel, tig dub, thiab eventually qhuav tawm.
Hauv daim duab hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom dub nciab li cas ntawm cov txiv hmab zoo li:
Grey
From grey rot suffers tsis tsuas yog grapes, tab sis kuj lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo. Cov cim qhia ntawm grey rot:
- tsos ntawm nplooj ntawm cov me me xim av me ntsis nrog ib tug grayish Bloom;
- nplooj pib qhuav tawm;
- Tua kab them nrog moj gray pwm;
- cuam tshuam inflorescences sai sai qhuav tawm thiab tuag;
- On lub berries tshwm ci liab purple me ntsis, nrog lub sij hawm ua xim av.
Grey rot yog tsis tshua muaj kev txaus ntshai rau kev sau. Cuam tshuam berries tsis haum rau noj thiab ua. Tus kab mob sai heev sai kis mus rau tag nrho cov vineyard thiab tau ua puas tsis tsuas yog sau, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
Nyob rau hauv cov duab hauv qab no, grey rot rau grapes:
Ua rau
Yog vim li cas brapes rot txoj cai nyob rau Bush?
Dawb rot tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tua thiab berries. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug fungus uas muaj peev xwm muaj kev nyab xeeb lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv lub bark ntawm tua thiab nplooj poob. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws wakes li thiab, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws muaj peev xwm hit tua heev sai sai.
Puas berries pib tawg, ua iab, ces darken, faus, thiab qhuav tawm. Tsis tsuas yog tus neeg berries rot - tag nrho pawg ntawm grapes suffers.
Cov kab mob nrog cov kab liab pib pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Lub fungus uas ua rau tus kab mob no tseem tolerates lub caij ntuj no zoo thiab tshwm feem ntau nyob rau nplooj. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, no rot yog feem ntau tsis to taub nrog mildew. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov xeeb ceem dub dots, qhov thiaj li hu ua. pycnidia.
Rau tua thiab nplooj, dub rot tsis sawv cev rau ib tug txaus ntshai txaus ntshai, tab sis nrog swb ntawm pawg, feem ntau cov qoob loo yuav tuag.
Grey rot yuav ua rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag: tua, cuttings, grafting qhov chaw. Mob khaub thuas thiab ntub huab cua yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kis ntawm tus kab mob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai rot rau ripe berries.
Nws tshwm sim thaum kev puas tsuaj rau pawg los ntawm lawg los yog los ntawm kev tsis haum ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias tom qab ib tug ntev drought pib hnyav nag, daim tawv nqaij ntawm berries tau tawg, uas yog ib qho zoo heev yug hauv av rau fungus.
Pab rau qhov zoo li ntawm rot thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov pawg nrog ib nplooj ntoos-txiag lossis nkawj. Kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv lub sij hawm thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev kho vaj tse zoo.
Txoj kev ntawm kev tawm tsam
Yog hais tias tus kab mob no tseem tshwm, ces nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau mus thov kev kho mob ntawm Bush thiab nqa tawm tshem tawm ntawm tawg pawg thiab tua.
Grey rot rau grapes yuav ua tiav hauv qab cov lus qhia pej xeem. Ua ntej, lawv txov tag nrho cov cuam tshuam qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ces sprinkle nrog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm ntsuab xab npum los sis ci dej qab zib. Rau qhov kev npaj dej qab zib tov 70 grams dej qab zib nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej.
Xab npum daws yuav tsum yog 1%. Cov kev kho mob yog nqa tawm txhua 10 hnub. Lub ntsiab hloov. Ntawm cov tshuaj preparations, fungicides tawm tsam mildew yuav zoo tshaj plaws, thiab zoo li Ronilan thiab Roar nyob rau hauv qaug zog concentration. Kev kho yog nyiam ua txhua 2 lub lis piam. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev tiv thaiv.
Sib ntaus dawb rot kuj pib nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov raug tua thiab pawg. Siv cov khoom noj txhua lub limtiam 4% tov Bordeaux sib tov.
Tom qab lawg los yog thaum lwm yam khoom kho kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yog ib qhov ua tau rau txav ib co tooj liab-muaj kev npaj. Zoo kev pab nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam dawb rot npaj ntawm mildew thiab oidium.
Nws yog tau kom tshem ntawm dub rot nrog tib npaj raws li dawb. Tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho yog ib tug sib tov ntawm ob fungicides: 25 g Ridomil kub thiab 60 gr Tiovit dav hlau on ib thoob dej. Tom qab 2 lub lim piam, qhov kev kho rov qab yog dua.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tau kho nrog tshuaj thaum lub sij hawm ripening lub sij hawm ntawm berries.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Nws yog nyuaj rau kho rot, rau ib lub sij hawm ntev thiab tsis yeej ib txwm zoo. Txawm yog hais tias tus kab mob yog yeej, ces feem ntau ntawm cov sau yuav tsis rov qab.
Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas hauv lub sijhawm.
- Ua ntej sheltering grapes rau lub caij ntuj no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus ncaj qha mus khawb cov av ib ncig ntawm Bush, sau thiab ua puas poob nplooj thiab txiav tua.
- Tom qab overwintering, kho cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug Bordeaux sib tov.
- Koj tuaj yeem tsuag tshuaj yaug nrog lub ntsiab ntawm Baytan, Topaz los yog Atemi S.
- Txau lub vine nrog iodine daws (50 tee rau hauv ib lub thoob dej) pab zoo.
- Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm dawb rot, koj yuav siv tau cov tshuaj nrog ib theem siab ntawm tooj: ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate los yog poliram.
- Ua qhov tseeb pruning thiab shaping ntawm Bush, kom tsis txhob thickening.
- Tsis txhob tsim txom cov tshuaj nitrogen, feem ntau siv cov kua qaub-phosphorus.
- Txhim kho cov dej hauv lub vaj, tsis txhob droughts thiab waterlogging.
Kev ua cov dej num yooj yim no yuav pab tiv thaiv tau cov txiv hmab ntawm txhua hom kab thiab lwm hom kab mob, xws li mildew thiab oidium.
Tsis tas li nyob rau ntawm peb lub website koj tuaj yeem paub txhua yam txog tej yam kabmob xws li kabmob xws li kabmob cancer, anthracnose, rubella, chlorosis thiab bacteriosis.
Vulnerable ntau yam
Tus mob nrog rot feem ntau nyob rau grape ntau yam.
Muaj ntau yam tsis raug puas los ntawm no fungus, tab sis muaj ntau yam nquag muaj mob.
Feem ntau, grey pwm cuam tshuam ntau yam:
- Karaburnu;
- Riesling Rhine;
- Terbash;
- Chardonnay;
- Madeleine Angévin;
- Aligote;
- Huab tais ntawm vineyards;
- Chaush;
- Pino;
- Senso (Bull Eye);
- Nquab;
- Khoom noj qab zib;
- Pearls Saba;
- Strasensky;
- Kishmish radiant;
- Khom Txhoj;
- Muscat Tairovsky;
- Feteasca dawb thiab lwm tus.
Dub rot yog lub feem ntau susceptible ntau yam:
- Pearls Saba;
- Ltalis;
- Muscat Hungarian;
- Huab tais ntawm vineyards;
- Muscat Hamburg;
- Yuav tsum dawb.
Rau dawb rot, lam tau lam ua ntau yam:
- Alimshak;
- Ua luam dej;
- Zeibel 1;
- Aligote;
- Riesling Rhine.
Cov lus xaus
Nrog rau kev kho kom zoo rau lub grapes: raws sij hawm watering thiab fertilizer, competent pruning thiab xaiv ntau txoj cai rau cog, qhov teeb meem txuam nrog rov tshwm sim ntawm ntau hom rot yuav zam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob thiab lub vaj txiv hmab yuav ntev txaus siab nrog ib tug nplua nuj sau.
