Tej zaum ib qho ntawm feem ntau zoo nkauj thiab vibrant ntau yam - pear "Nika"!

Pear - heev kub-hlub kab lis kev cai.

Tab sis tam sim no muaj ntau ntau yam uas yuav loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau sab qaum teb thaj tsam.

Cov pears hais txog dab tsi?

Pear "Nika" - lub caij ntuj no ntau yam nrog high Frost tsis kamtxog -38 ° C. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm ntev cia. Ntau yam rau nws lub hom phiaj uas tau npaj tseg.

Lub caij ntuj no ntau yam ntawm pears kuj muaj xws li: Lub ib hlis ntuj, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya thiab Fairy.

Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av

"Nika" tau los ntawm cov breeders ntawm GNU VNIIGiSPR lawv. I. V. Michurin. Niam Txiv Hom: "Daughter of Dawn"thiab" Talgar Beauty ".

Kev sau npe ntawm chaw ua haujlwm yug me nyuam yog: S.P. Yakovlev, A.P. Gribanovsky, N. Kev ntseeg, I.A. Bandurko, M.Yu. Akimov thiab V.V. Chivilevu.

Txij li thaum xyoo 2002, qhov ntau yam yog muab faib nyob rau hauv Central Chernozem cheeb tsam.

Pear "Nika": piav qhia txog ntau yam thiab cov duab

Tsob ntoo hauv nplai medium tuab. Muaj crown nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub pob, nrog tsawg spliced ​​skeletal ceg. Fruiting tshwm sim ob qho tib si on txhua xyoo tua thiab on perennial overgrowing ceg.

Tus tua yog tus, xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim, medium nyob rau hauv thickness thiab ncaj. Chechevichek on lub bark ib me ntsis. Cov pob txha zoo li lub pob txha, me ntsis taw rau ntawm qhov xaus. Oval nplooj muaj ib tug nplua nuj ntsuab tsos nqaij daim tawv.

On lub sab muaj ib tug yam ntxwv serrated, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm ib tug luv luv taw tes. Sheet phaj tsis yog nkhaus ntau ntau, txawv txav matte nto. Stipules zoo ib yam li awl, petioles yog nruab nrab.

Ntau pears "Nika" muaj loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nce txog 200 g Daim ntawv conical nrog truncation, yog lawm. Peel nyob rau hauv tsos du, oily, muaj ib tug waxy lo.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nyoog ntawm removable kom loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj greenish xim nrog ib qho liab plooj liab, uas yog lub coverlip. Tom qab pears tau txais ntau daj ntxoov ntxoo nrog lub tsho loj saum taub hau.

Luv luv curved qia, slanted ntawm lub hauv paus. Lub phais yog me me, feem ntau dav. Xim av khov kho cov qoob loo, nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj, muab khaws cia rau hauv cov noob qoob loo.

Cov nqaij ntawm lub pears yog heev gentle, suab tsis muaj granularity thiab granulation.

Qhov ceev yog qhov nruab nrab, me ntsis oily, cream xim.

Txawv zoo nkauj qab zib-qaub saj, nrog me ntsis sau ntawv ntawm nutmeg thiab tsis muaj astringency.

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau muab rau thaum lub sij hawm tasting 4.5 ntsiab lus.

Zoo heev saj tseem muaj: Kupava, Krasulia, Lada, Thumbelina, Vernaya.

Nqe lus piav txog tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pear ntau yam "Nika":

Rau cov lus qhia ntxiv txog pear ntau yam "Nika" yuav ua tau rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no:

Yam ntxwv

Qhov ntau yam muaj ib tug high thiab ruaj tawm los. Fruiting ntoo pib nrog 5-6 xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab coj lub xyoo sau. Hle tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli.

TXWV TSEEM CEEB: Pear "Nika" yuav khaws cia txog li 100 hnub hauv cov khoom noj kom zoo.

Pear hardiness yog siabYog hais tias koj noj lub nruab nrab lub caij ntuj no kub ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau sab qaum teb cheeb tsam muaj tej zaum yuav me ntsis frosting.

Frost tsis kam kuj txawv: Uralochka, Tikhiy Don, Ntsiab, Northerner Red-cheeked thiab Moscow Early.

Tom qab lawv yog cov ntoo zoo rov qab thiab tsis txhob txo qoob loo.

Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm -38 ° C nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb khoom neeg tsim, cov tawv thiab cambium tsis khov dua. Kev puas tsuaj rau daim xyaw yog 0.6 ntsiab lus.

Ntau yam yog lawv tus kheej-fertilized. Yog tias tsuas muaj ib tsob ntoo ntawm daim zajlus, nws yuav ua rau ib feem peb ntawm nws lub cev.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm pollinators ntawm lwm yam ntau tau koj significantly nce lub tawm los.

Kev cog thiab kev kho mob

• Tsaws
  Rau cog pears zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm ntawm xyoo yog xam Autumn Qhov chaw yuav tsum raug xaiv tshav ntuj thiab dav heev. Txawm hais tias "Nika" tsis yog tsob ntoo loj, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ntau qhov chaw rau tag nrho kev loj hlob ntawm fruiting.

  Tom qab xaiv ib qho chaw, npaj ib lub qhov tsoo rau kev tsaws. Tam sim ntawd cog ntoo tsis tau, npaj ib qhov tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam.

  Nws qhov luaj li cas yuav tsum sib phim ib lub 'meter' hauv lub taub thiab li ntawm 78-80 cm sib sib zog nqus. Nyob ntawm seb hom av nyob rau hauv lub qhov dej ua ke poov tshuaj phosphate chiv thiab humus nyob rau hauv txoj cai proportions.

  Ua ntej cog ib lub yub, ib ceg txheem ntseeg raug ntiab mus rau hauv lub qhov, uas yuav tsum tau tom qab 70-80 cm saum lub hauv av.

  Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo txo ​​tus ntoo muaj, straightening lub keeb kwm nyob rau sab.

  Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li thiaj li hais tias hauv paus ntseg tsho protrudes 5-6 cm saum toj no rau hauv av. Tom qab qhov no, tus pit yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb ntxiv.

  Ib qho me me ditch yuav tsum tau ua nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo, uas yuav khaws cov dej thaum dej los ntawm kev sib kis. Tom qab ntawd, maj mam los cog ib seedling ob lub thoob dej thiab humus humus.

• Watering
  Tsuas yog cog ntoo xwb nyob rau hauv ntau thiab heev dej mus txog rau thaum nws keeb kwm yog thaum kawg noj.

  Tom qab ntawd koj xav tau ib tsob ntoo dej tsis tshaj peb zaug hauv lub caij ntuj sovtshwj cov huab cua tshwj xeeb.

  XIM: Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj sov los ntawm qhuav thiab kub, ces dej tsob ntoo ntau dua li niaj zaus.

  Nws yog tsim nyog rau dej ib pear heev kom zoo zoo. Nws tsis zam txias dej los ntawm kev kaus mom thiab ntse watering. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tuav cov dej hauv cov kas fes kom nws sov tau.

  Koj tseem tuaj yeem tsis ncuav ib lub thoob dej hauv qab ntawm tsob ntoo ib zaug, txwv tsis pub lub keeb kwm yuav raug ntxuav tawm, thiab pear tej zaum yuav tuag. Ib txhia gardeners khawb ib lub trench coj mus rau ib tsob ntoo thiab ncuav dej dua nwsuas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no los qeeb thiab systematically.

  Tom qab watering hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub pear koj xav tau ib tug me ntsis loosen kom tsis txhob muaj pob ntseg ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw. Loosening muab cov hauv paus hniav nrog kev siv oxygen.

• Kev kho mob thiab cov pob txha
  Nws yog erroneously suav hais tias lub landing txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb.

  Ib yam li tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm saib xyuas ntawm ib tsob ntoo hluas. Ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas yog pruning.

  Ib xyoos-laus ntoo yog txiav kom thiaj li nws ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 45-50 cm. Yog li, ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg ntoo qis dua pib.

  Thaum tsob ntoo tuaj txog ib qho me me, feem ntau 4-5 xyoos ntawm lub neej, yuav ua tau thinned crown thiab shortening tus ceg.

  Nyias tawm lub crown rau ib tug zoo dua ntawm tshav ntuj, uas pears hlub heev li. Shortening lub ceg yog tsim nyog rau tsim ntawm ib tug muaj tseeb thiab zoo nkauj crown.

  XIM: Qhov tsis muaj pruning ntawm Nicky muab ceev ceev ntawm lub crown thiab me me txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

  Feem ntau tshem tawm tag nrho cov tsis ncaj ncees loj hlob thiab ntxiv ceglos ntawm ua yeeb yam shears. Txiav nram cov ceg ntawm lub nplhaib kom tsis muaj stumps sab laug. Cov chaw pruning yuav tsum tau pleev xim los yog qhov chaw ua si.

  Nick lub txiv moj txiv tsis yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb chaw high Frost tsis kam. Kev zam tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm shelter cover rau lub caij ntuj no thiab falling pw tsaug zog mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm mulch thiab snow.

  Tab sis cov kev ntsuas no yuav raug coj mus rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev nyab xeeb.

  Chiv yog siv los ntawm ob xyoo ntawm cog. sapling Feem ntau haum rau pears peat thiab humus.

  Lawv yuav tsum tov nrog hauv av thiab nchuav mus rau hauv lub hleb ntawm cov ntoo thaum lub sij hawm ntub dej.

Kab mob thiab kab tsuag

Pear "Nika" possesses tus kab mob tsis haum, xws li //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, kab mob hlawv, xeb, anthomosporiosis thiab nodule.

Tsis tas li ntawd resistant mus rau cov kab mob muaj: Svarog, Perun, nyob rau hauv nco ntawm Zhegalov, Orel Lub caij ntuj sov thiab Noyabrskaya.

Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lwm yam kab mob thiab kev puas tsuaj loj ua raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov neeg mob:

• Cov ntaub ntawv teev npe ntawm cov ntxhia thiab cov organic chiv yuav ua rau cov av tsis muaj mob thiab tsis yooj yim sua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
• Tshaj dhau heev lawm nyob rau hauv cov av muab thaj chaw zoo rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
• Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, kev tshem tawm cov kab qhuav qhuav thiab lub cev yuav pab txhawm rau txhim kho tsob ntoo.
• Hlawv foliage thiab rhuav tseg cov av, nrog rau kev khawb cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tsob ntoo, muaj peev xwm ua puas feem ntau ntawm cov kab laus wintering nyob rau hauv nplooj los yog ncaj qha rau hauv av.



• Txiv qaub whitewash yuav tiv thaiv tsob ntoo ntawm cov nas tsuag thiab qee qhov kab tsuag.
• Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam xyuas cov ntoo rau cov kab mob los yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cab. Thaum thawj cov paib tshwm sim, tsob ntoo raug kho nrog kev npaj tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus kab mob los yog kab tua kab.

Qhov "Nika" pear ntau yam yog cov menyuam yaus thiab tab tom xeem, tab sis nws twb tau txais qhov chaw zoo vim nws tsis kam ua rau te thiab kab mob, zoo li qhov zoo kawg nkaus saj ntawm khoom noj qab zib txiv hmab txiv ntoo.