Lub npe dawb mushroom tau txais txij thaum qub txeeg qub teg. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg feem ntau qhuav nceb. Lub pulp ntawm cov dawb fungus yeej tseem zoo dawb tom qab ziab los yog kev kho tshav kub. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau lub npe no. Dawb fungus belongs rau genus Boletus, yog li ntawd lub npe thib ob ntawm cov dawb fungus yog boletus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tom qab sau cov nceb, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau pib ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd, vim cov dawb nceb poob lawv cov khoom siv tau sai heev. Piv txwv li, tom qab 10 teev, cov nceb twb muaj ib nrab ntawm cov zaub mov thiab kab kawm.
Xav txog tus tsiaj ntawm cov dawb fungus thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv mus rau siav nceb ntawm thawj qeb thiab muaj tib cov duab.
Mushroom dawb (spruce) (Boletus edulis)
Nws yog hais txog hom tshaj plaws thiab muaj daim ntawv ntsej muag. Lub hau yog xim av los yog chestnut nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm 7-30 cm Nws muaj ib feem ntau convex duab, tej zaum hauv ncoo-puab. Nws saum npoo yog du thiab velvety thiab tsis cais los ntawm lub pulp.
Cov duab ntawm lub pedicle ko taw muaj ib tug thickening rau hauv qab, ncav nruab nrab qhov siab qhov siab ntawm 12 cm thiab yog suav tias yog siab nyob rau hauv no hom dawb fungus. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov ceg yog them nrog lub ntsej muag thiab muaj ib cov kua nplaum uas muaj suab npe. Qhov saj yog mos, qhov tsis hnov tsw zoo thiab tus neeg feem ntau yog kho kom zoo los ntawm kev ua noj los yog ziab. Nyob rau hauv lub hau yog ib tug tubular txheej 1-4 cm dav, uas yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub pulp thiab muaj ib tug yellowish tint.
Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog dawb fleshy thiab tsis hloov xim thaum tawg. Cov tsiaj no muaj nyob rau hauv spruce thiab fir forests nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam loj ntawm Eurasia, tsuas yog Iceland, rau tag nrho cov continents, tsuas yog Australia. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib tus zuj zus lossis ib nrab. Cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog deciduous thiab coniferous ntoo.
Feem ntau pom nrog lub ntsej muag ntsuab thiab chanterelles. Prefers qub hav zoov nrog ntxhuab thiab lichen. Cov huab cua zoo rau cov huab cua zoo nkauj yog pom cov thunderstorms nrog sov hmo thiab huab cua. Nws prefers zeb, xuab zeb thiab loamy xau thiab qhib chaw. Harvesting yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj - Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Cov zaub mov zoo ntawm cov dawb fungus yog lub siab tshaj plaws. Siv nyob rau hauv raw, boiled, qhuav daim ntawv. Los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam thiab kab kawm dawb fungus tsis ntau tshaj li lwm hom fungi, tab sis yog ib tug stimulator muaj zog ntawm digestion.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias cov fungus dawb yog zom zom los ntawm lub cev vim muaj cov chitin, tab sis tom qab ziab nws yuav ntau digestible (80%). Rau cov hom phiaj kho mob, cov tshuaj siv tshuaj siv los tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub cev.
Cov nceb paj dawb (Boletus pinophilus)
Qhov no yog cov hom kev piav qhia ntawm cov dawb fungus, tab sis txawv hauv ib co nta.. Lub hau yog 8-25 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, liab-xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug hue violet, tab sis ib me ntsis lighter ntawm ntug. Nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub hau lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog liab qab. Leg luv luv thiab tuab, 7-16 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Nws cov xim yog me ntsis sib dua tshaj lub cap, tab sis them nrog ib lub teeb xim av mog. Tubular txheej mus txog 2 cm thoob plaws daj. Muaj ib qho ntawm thaum ntxov ntawm pine dawb fungus. Differs nyob rau hauv ntau lub teeb coloring ntawm ib lub kaus mom thiab pulp nyob rau hauv nws. Tshwm sim nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig.
Cov hom no ua rau mycorrhiza feem ntau nrog ntoo thuv. Nws nyiam cov av xuab zeb thiab hlob zoo nkauj los yog hauv pawg me. Pine dawb fungus yog ntau nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, Central America, nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Russia. Harvesting siv qhov chaw ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Cov nceb paj dawb (Boletus betulicola)
Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Russia nws yog hu ua kolosovik vim ntawm tsos ntawm rye thaum lub pob ntseg. Qhov no muaj ib lub teeb daj, qhov loj ntawm 5-15 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv tsis hloov xim ntawm so, tab sis nws tsis muaj saj. Choj-puab tus ceg, whitish-xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug dawb Mesh. Ib tug tubular txheej ntawm yellowish ntxoov ntxoo txog li 2.5 cm thoob plaws Birch boletus cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog birch. Kev sib cais los yog hauv pawg. Nyiam kom loj hlob ntawm cov npoo los yog nrog rau kev. Nws pom nyob rau hauv Western Europe, thiab nyob rau hauv Russia - nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Murmansk, Siberia, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Far East. Harvesting siv qhov chaw ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Koj puas paub? Kev loj hlob ntawm dawb fungus yog nqa tawm rau cuaj hnub, tab sis muaj qee hom uas loj hlob 15 hnub.
Tsaus-Bronze Dawb Mushroom (Boletus aereus)
Qee lub sij hawm no yog hom hu ua tooj liab los yog hornbeam porcini nceb. Lub hau yog fleshy, convex nyob rau hauv cov duab, ncav lub cheeb ntawm 7-17 cm Daim tawv nqaij yuav ua los yog nrog me me tawg, tsaus xim av, yuav luag dub. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv dawb, muaj lub qab ntxiag thiab tsw, thaum tawg, me ntsis tsaus ntuj. Ob txhais ceg yog cylindrical, loj heev, liab dawb-xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo-xim Mesh. Cov txheej hauv qab muaj cov xim daj thiab lub dav txog 2 xuab moos, tab sis thaum nws nias nws yuav yog xim ntsuab. Cov tsiaj no yog muab faib rau hauv hav zoov uas muaj huab cua sov. Feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv Western thiab Southern Europe, Sweden, North America. Lub fruiting lub caij yog los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj, tab sis tshwm nyob rau hauv Austria nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli. Muaj nyob rau hauv Cov Phau Ntawv Loj ntawm Ukraine, Montenegro, Norway, Denmark, Moldova.
Los ntawm saj yog txiaj ntsim los ntawm gourmets ntau tshaj li dawb mushroom fir. Nws muaj qhov zoo li sab nraud nrog rau cov khoom noj uas muaj suab thaj (Xerocomus badius), uas nws cov tawv nqaij xiav thiab ceg tsis muaj qhov netting. Kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab tov forests yog ib nrab-bronze dawb fungus (Boletus subaereus), uas muaj ib tsos kob.
Boletus reticulatus, Boletus aestivalis
Cov nceb paj dawb sib txawv ntawm lub txiv ntoo ntawm ib qho xim ntawm lub hau thiab ib qho qhia tau ntau dua ntawm lub ceg. Nws suav hais tias yog qhov ntxov tshaj ntawm txhua hom dawb nceb. Lub hau ncav lub cheeb ntawm 6-30 cm thiab muaj xim daj xim. Lub pulp yog fleshy dawb, nyob rau hauv lub hlawv muaj ib tug daj tint. Lub qia yog luv luv, tuab, sib tw-zoo li, xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab txawv los ntawm lwm yam tsiaj los ntawm muaj ib qho loj mesh qauv. Net mushroom mushroom muaj tsw ntxhiab tsw qab thiab qab qabzib qabzib.
Lub thickness ntawm lub tubular txheej mus rau 3.5 cm nws cov xim nws txawv los ntawm dawb mus rau greenish-daj. Lub peculiarity ntawm no tsiaj yog lub muaj tawg ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qub nceb. Cov tsiaj no ua rau cov kab mecorrhiza nrog beech, txiv qhib ntsej muag, ntsej muag, hornbeam thiab hlob on sawv nyob rau hauv qhuav, alkaline xau.
Nws tsis tshua muaj kev puas ntsoog los ntawm kab. Luam hlob nyob teb chaws Europe, North Africa, North America. Harvesting yog nqa tawm ntawm May mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj. Nqa dawb fungus yog ntau zoo xws li cov pob tw, uas muaj lub nrig ib qho me me thiab lub luv luv.
Cov plaubhau dawb mushroom (Boletus quercicola)
Ib qho tshwj xeeb feature ntawm dawb ntse ntoo fungus yog ib lub kaus mom xim av nrog ib tus grayish tint. Nws muaj ntau ntau zuj zus nyob rau hauv cov xim tshaj lub birch tsiaj. Cov nqaij yog tsawg dua lwm hom. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, nyob rau hauv Primorsky Krai. Harvesting yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj-Lub kaum hli ntuj. Nws hlob profusely, uas yog tsis raug rau cov nceb dawb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Heev zoo xws li cov dawb mushroom - lws mushroom. Nws yog inedible vim hais tias ntawm nws lub bitterness. Nws lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm cov dawb fungus yog cov pinking tubular txheej thiab xim ib tsos nqaij daim tawv ntawm lub mesh rau ntawm txhais ceg.
Sawdust-dawb mushroom (Boletus impolius)
Lub cev dawb puv yog nyob rau ntawm genus ntawm boletus thiab tej zaum yuav hu ua yellow boletus. Lub hau ncav cuag ib lub cheeb ntawm 5-15 cm nrog ib tug ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug dull lub teeb xim av xim. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog ntom, lub teeb daj. Lub saj yog me ntsis Sweet, thiab tsis hnov tsw nco qab carbolic acid.
Lub ceg yog tuab, cylindrical nyob rau hauv cov duab, mus txog rau 15 cm siab, straw-kob. Mesh qauv nyob rau hauv txhais ceg yog ploj lawm, tab sis qhov saum npoo yog ntxhib. Tubular txheej mus txog 3 cm tuab daj. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv oak, beech, hornbeam hav zoov thiab prefers moist av nplaum xau. Yellow boletus belongs rau thermophilic nceb thiab yog nyob rau hauv Polesie, Carpathian, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab yav qab teb European ib feem ntawm Russia. Harvesting yog ua los ntawm lub Tsib Hlis mus rau Autumn.
Hauv qee qhov chaw, vim muaj qhov tsis hnov ntxhiab piav raws li kev mob nkeeg. Nyob rau hauv saj tsis yog tsis zoo mus rau classic dawb mushroom. Tom qab ziab thiab ntxhua qhov tsw yuav luag tag nrho. Nyob rau sab nraud cov cim nws zoo li ib tug boletus maiden, tab sis txawv los ntawm nws los ntawm ib tug meej ntxhiab thiab tsis hloov cov xim ntawm lub pulp ntawm so.
Boletus ntxhais (Boletus appendiculatus)
Zoo li qhov kev piav qhia nrog ib tug boletus daj, tab sis muaj ib tug tsw qab ntxiag, thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv rov qab xiav. Lub hau uas nyob rau hauv lub cheeb muaj 8 mus txog 8 cm, muaj xim daj los sis xim liab daj. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog daj, nrog ib tug xiav tint. Cov ceg yog tuab, muaj ib qho qis ntawm qhov pib thiab hlob 7-15 cm high, nws muaj xim liab thiab npog nrog daj mesh. Tubular txheej yog mus txog 2.5 cm tuab, ci daj hauv xim thiab xiav thaum nias. Borovik ntxhais cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog deciduous ntoo thiab hlob nyob rau hauv Southern Europe. Harvesting yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov - Autumn.
Borovik Royal (Boletus regius)
Noob nom noob tswv Borovik txawv los ntawm lwm hom paj yeeb-liab cap thiab ci daj hau nrog ib qho mesh qauv nyob rau sab qaum. Lub hau ncav cuag lub cheeb ntawm 6-15 cm thiab muaj ib daim tawv nqaij du, tab sis qee zaus yuav tau them nrog mesh tawg. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog ntom, daj nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog ib tug tawg ntsuab xiav. Cov nceb yuav muaj ntxhiab tsw tsw qab thiab saj. Leg thickened, muaj ib qhov siab ntawm 5-15 cm Lub tubular txheej yog mus txog 2.5 cm tuab daj.
Noob nom noob tswv nceeg nce toj hauv hav zoov. Prefers xuab zeb thiab calcareous xau. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, lub Far East. Lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting yog Lub Xya hli ntuj - Cuaj Hli. Cov nceb tau zoo heev thiab siv rau hauv cov nqaij nyoos los yog cov kaus poom.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Ukraine, nyob rau hauv lub Ivano-Frankivsk cheeb tsam, nyob ze lub zos ntawm Verkhniy Maidan, 118 pieces ntawm dawb nceb tau sau rau 16 square metres. Ib tug nceb mushroom weighing 6.75 kg twb pom nyob rau hauv Russia ze ntawm Vladimir nyob rau hauv 1964.
Dawb mushroom yog cov npe nrov thiab nyiam tshaj plaws rau txhua tus nceb. Nws superiority tau traced ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv loj loj thiab nyob rau hauv zoo heev saj thiab noj haus zoo. Thaum khaws cov nceb, tsis txhob hnov qab qhov kev cai nce qib ntawm tus nceb noj: Yog tias koj tsis paub meej ntawm ib qho mushroom mushroom, muab pov tseg, tsis txhob sib tw!
