Peb saib xyuas txog cov orchids. Yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj cai muaj pes tsawg ntawm cov av?

Flower growers uas koom nrog hauv orchids, paub hais tias kev zoo nkauj yuav tsum ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, xim thiab nyiaj txiag kev nqis peev.

Piv txwv li, cov av nyob rau hauv lub khw rau txawv paj yog ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem noj tau koj tus kheej, tsis tas siv nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub substrate yuav zoo dua thiab orchids yuav txaus siab rau nws.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov av zoo

Kom xaiv cov substrate yog ib qho guarantee ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev thev ntawm qhov kev zoo nkauj txawv.

Nws ntseeg tias Orchids yog cov roj picky heev txog cov av uas cog rau lawv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv vaj tsev ntuj tshooj epiphytic ntau yam loj hlob tsis muaj av ntawm tag nrho cov.

Lawv xaiv cov tsob ntoo loj loj los ua qhov chaw nyob, thiab lawv muab kev pab cuam thiab noo noo los ntawm cov tawv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, xaiv ib tug xis "tsev" rau ib lub paj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account no yam.

Kuv xav ntxiv tias nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau cov orchids siv hauv av zoo li av - nws yuav ua puas nws. Rau cov keeb kwm, lub hnyav av yuav yog ib hom ntawm siab, thiab yuav tsis muab lub sij hawm rau tag nrho ua lawv tseem ceeb functions.

Puas yog nws ua tau kom koj tus kheej?

Novice paj kws ua teb yuav npaj txhij-ua substrate rau orchids nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom noj. Thiab lawv cov kev paub txog cov neeg paub ntau dua, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntseeg tias cov av zoo yuav ua haujlwm yog tias koj npaj nws nrog koj txhais tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no substrate muaj ntau yam zoo:

• tus nqi qis kawg;
• guaranteed zoo Cheebtsam;
• tus kheej xaiv cov khoom xyaw raws li ntau hom;
• yooj yim recipes;
• teeb duab txog qhov yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ntej.

Dab tsi yog qhov phem khw substrate?

Tsis ntev los no, kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom me me rau cov orchids puv. Nyob rau hauv txee ntawm vaj teb chaw thiab paj khw muag khoom khoom imported thiab Lavxias teb sab producers. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm xws li substrates yog Moss thiab ntoo bark. Muaj cov mixtures kim nrog ntxiv, tsawg yam.

Txawm li cas los xij khoom ntawm patented zoo-paub hom tsis yeej ib txwm muaj qhov tsim nyog zoo. Nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom zoo nkauj, ci tej pob khoom. Thiab sab hauv muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm peat thiab av hmoov av, thiab bark - catastrophically me ntsis. Xws li ib qho piv txwv muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub orchid.

Muab cov khoom sib tov

Yuav kom xaiv txoj cai ntse rau exotics, nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob ntshai mus sim. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, nws yuav ras meej dab tsi sau "saj" rau no xyov cog. Lub ntsiab qauv rau qhov tseeb xaiv ntawm av - lush flowering.

Qhov tsis tag nrho ntawm cov av xaiv xaiv rau sab hauv orchids yog tib yam. Lub substrate yuav tsum muaj: lightness, breathability, friability, environmental friendliness, muaj cov kua zoo nruj thiab pH 5.5-6.5.

Yuav tsum tau

Cov khoom sib xws ntawm cov av sib tov rau cov nroj tsuag txawv:

1. tsob ntoo ntoo;
2. sphagnum Moss;
3. ntoo tshauv;
4. fern keeb kwm.

Nws yog qhov no cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim nyog yog lub hauv paus thaum npaj lub substrate rau orchids.

Ntxiv

Ntxiv cov khoom xyaw yog ntxiv rau cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb.uas tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Ntawm lawv yog:

• Txiv maj phaub fiber ntau;
• nplooj ntse, thaj av soddy;
• lowland peat;
• nplooj qhuav;
• humus;
• teev ntawm ntoo thuv cones;
• txawv nutshell;
• nthuav av nplaum granules;
• perlite;
• vermiculite;
• pebbles;
• tawg cib;
• npuas yas;
• gravel.

Koj tuaj yeem tau txais?

Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom xyaw thiab npaj cov av sib tov rau ntawm koj tus kheej tes. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav cov organic yam nyob rau hauv qhov, vim hais tias txhua yam nyob ib ncig ntawm peb.

1. Ntoo tawg. Bark ntawm coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo yog thov. Optimally Pine. Nws yog preferable mus nrhiav qhov no feem nyob rau hauv pine hav zoov, on cov ntoo poob. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pins pine tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm rein yog muaj, yog li unloved rau orchids. Cov tawv ntoo yuav tsum qhuav. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum txheej txheej. Yog hais tias cov thooj taum pom muaj dark, burnt areas, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Pine bark yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog pom, nws kuj yuav tsum tau ua siav.
2. Fern keeb kwm. Koj muaj peev xwm khawb nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, xaiv ib tug loj Bush. Tom qab ntawd ntxuav tawm hauv av, txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces, qhuav.
3. Sphagnum ntxhuab. Loj hlob hauv hav zoov thiab marshland. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm mus sau yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Moss muaj cov kab mob ua kom tsis muaj pa, ua rau lub cev tsis zoo, muab cov av zom zaws, muaj ntau yam khoom siv thiab microelements. Rau cog lub ntuj tsim yog siv rau hauv qhuav thiab ntub daim ntawv.
4. Nqaij nplooj ntoos hlav muaj cov khoom uas zoo ib yam li moss, muaj ib qho khoom noj thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshauv yog qhov yooj yim mus nrhiav hauv cov tshauv lossis hlawv cav ntoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.
5. Peat. Av ntau yam ntawm orchids nyiam lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov av ntawm no tivthaiv. Nws yog siv los khaws thiab khaws noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas xaiv cov ntsev tsis muaj ntsev. Zom ntau tsis xav tau.
6. Pine cones. Nyob rau hauv coniferous forests, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tuag, qhuav cones. Lawv teev siv los npaj lub substrate, lawv muaj peev xwm hloov lub Pine bark.
7. Deciduous, turfy hauv av thiab nplooj. Nplooj thiab lub ntiaj teb tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv tib lub hav zoov. Qhov loj tshaj plaws rau cov av yog hais tias tsis muaj ntau cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nrog, twigs. Qhov khoom no yog tsim rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Orchids, leej twg paub yuav ua li cas kom tau txais cov khoom pab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Qhuav foliage tsim ib qho microflora tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub, yog li tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Yuav ua li cas yuav?

Hmoov tsis, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua cov khoom xyaw ntawm lub substrate yuav pom nyob rau hauv qhov ntuj ib puag ncig. Cheebtsam hauv lub cev yuav tsum tau muas hauv khw.

1. Tshaj av nplaum. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tau tsim nws tus kheej ua ib qhov dej zoo. Txheej av nplaum yog ib yam khoom siv tau los ntawm kev siv av nplaum. Cov khoom no yog lub teeb, ntxim nyiam, pheej yig, tus phooj ywg zoo. Cov zauv feem ntawm granules yog txawv, nyob rau hauv no, xaiv raws li qhov loj ntawm lub keeb kwm.
2. Perlite, vermiculite, gravel - cov khoom zoo nkauj rau cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov kua dej thiab loosening ntawm cov av. Muag khoom hauv tuam tsev.
3. Ua npuas yas. Nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho tsis sib txuas ntawm cov av sib tov. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm tom qab los ua qhov nrov nce siab. Siv cov ua npuas dej ua cov hmoov nplej, nrog rau hauv daim ntawv fais fab. Cov khoom sib cheem tsis zoo, sib, tsis yog mob toxic, ua rau muaj kev siab loj thiab kev pom zoo.
4. Txiv maj phaub chips, fiber ntau. Cheebtsam yog muag hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb. Lawv yog cov tib neeg ntim thiab ua ntej tso tshuaj tua kab mob.

Yuav ua li cas los hloov qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg?

Raws li koj tau pom feem ntau ntawm lub Cheebtsam ntawm substrate rau orchids - tshuaj ntawm cov organic keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais lossis tau yuav, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem hloov nrog inorganic.

• Pine bark hloov nrog coarse River xuab zeb, me me pieces ntawm npaus los yog daim ntawv lub ntiaj teb.
• Es tsis txhob sphagnum ntxhuab thov hydrogel, polystyrene, foam rubber.
• Raws li ib tug sorbent, koj yuav siv tau crushed activated carbon, thiab tsis ntoo tshauv.
• Perlite, vermiculite, cib chips, crushed pob zeb, gravel, pebbles, nthuav av nplaum yog cov ntaub ntawv hloov hluav taws xob. Yog tias tsis muaj ib qho, thov lwm tus.

Ntau hom kev xaiv av rau cov nroj tsuag

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Orchid tsev neeg, uas yog cog hauv tsev, tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj:

• epiphytic;
• av.

Yog tias peb nthuav qhov feem pua, ces 90% ntawm epiphytes: dendrobium, zygopetalum, phalaenopsis, cambria, lykasta, masdevalli, cattley. Cov seem uas yog 10% ntawm cov av qeeg: cymbidium thiab papiopedilum. Txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem tuaj yeem loj hlob ua cov mob epiphytes. Nyob ntawm ntau yam, xaiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm tus substrate..

Rau cov epiphytes

Cov kab txawv no muaj ib qho hauv paus hauv paus ntawm cov av sib tov. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm lub substrate yog los tuav lub nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm ntsug, thiab ces tusyees nqus dej noo, yam tsis cuam tshuam nrog evaporation ntawm tshaj.

Rau cov epiphytic ntau yam ntawm orchids yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj tos ib tug sib tov ntawm av thiab peat.

Orchid muab kev xaiv:

1. Ob qhov chaw ntawm Moss, ½ feem ntawm ntoo tshauv, tsib seem ntawm Pine bark, ½ feem ntawm qhuav foliage.
2. Ib feem ntawm peat, Moss, tshauv thiab peb seem ntawm bark, cork khoom.
3. Peb noj nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag: sphagnum Moss, Pine bark, charcoal, fern keeb kwm.
4. Ib thooj ntoo tshauv thiab tsib pieces ntawm Pine cones los yog daim tawv flakes.

Rau hauv av

Ground pawg orchids, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum tau kev noj haus zoo dua. Deciduous, turfy hauv av, peat tsis superfluous cov khoom xyaw ntawm substrate. Muaj pes tsawg leeg:

1. Nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag, sphagnum moss, Pine bark, peat, charcoal, thiab nthuav av nplaum granules yog tov.
2. Ob qhov chaw ntawm fern keeb kwm, humus thiab leafy hauv av, ib feem ntawm peat, ib feem ntawm River River.
3. Peb qhov chaw ntawm leafy av thiab ib feem: peat, Moss, Pine bark.
4. Ib feem ntawm nplooj qhuav, peb qhov chaw ntawm nplooj av, ob feem ntawm qhuav fern keeb kwm, ib feem ntawm sphagnum Moss thiab xuab zeb.

Yuav ua li cas ua noj cov khoom xyaw, cov cai yooj yim

Yuav kom txuag tau sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag, paub txog cov tswv tsev orchid cov khoom tso rau ntawm cov khoom xyaw uas tsim nyog rau lub substrate rau yav tom ntej.

• Ntoo tshauv Nws yog xaiv los xaiv qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab tom qab ntawd zom rau hauv daim ntawm 3-4 cm Khw feem ntau nyob rau hauv hnab yas, tsis nkag ntawm huab cua. Hmoov hmoov tshauv yog siv los ua antiseptic rau kev thau khoom tawm tshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
• Cheebtsam sphagnum Moss heev noo noo-siv khoom. Yog li, tom qab muab khaws cia koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab qhuav hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ib nrab. Qhuav moss yog ntim rau hauv hnab thiab muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus.

• Pine ntoo thuv Nws yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhuav daim ntawv, nrog tsis pom pom ntawm kab kab kab, tab sis nws yog tseem yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas npaj nws zoo dua. Koj yuav tsum xaiv daim 1-2 cm tuab, tuab daim tawv tawv yog qhov yooj yim dua. Rau hom tshuaj tua kab mob ua rau ntuj tsim yuav tsum tau ua kom sov nyob hauv qhov cub qhib me me tsis pub tshaj 5 feeb.

  Ntawm cov florists, Pine bark yog nrov, uas yog tsawg resinous thiab muaj ib tug ntev decomposition lub sij hawm tshaj Pine.

• Underground ib feem ntawm lub fern khawb tawm los ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog nyob rau hauv lub lig Autumn tias nroj tsuag yog tsis muaj nplooj. Lub keeb kwm yog txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces thiab khaws cia rau hauv ib lub kaw pob.

Xyuas kom tag nrho cov khoom faib hauv hav zoov yuav tsum raug rau kev kho cua sov. Pine cones, charcoal thiab boiling dej, yog li nce lub degree ntawm dej nqus.

Yuav ua li cas ua rau lub substrate koj tus kheej hauv tsev: kauj ruam los ntawm cov lus qhia kauj ruam

Ib qho kev qhia ntxaws txog qhov txheej txheem yuav tshem tawm tau qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab tsis muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj lub substrate. Koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua.

1. Xaiv ib qho ntawm substrate xaiv, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub orchid ntau yam.
2. Npaj tag nrho cov khoom xyaw npaj ua ntej.
3. Qhov loj ntawm feem ntawm lub paj raws li raug cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm hauv paus system ntawm lub paj, lub qhov ntev ntawm lub lauj kaub.
4. Armed nrog ib lub vaj zaub, ib lub phiab rau tov cov khoom xyaw, ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm, lub paj lauj kaub.
5. Ntsuas tawm cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm tus neeg lub cev thiab ncuav mus rau hauv lub plab mog. Ntaus cov av nrog lub tshuab raj.
6. Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv yas pob luj daim ntawv txheej. Ib txheej kua quav txog 3 cm tuab yog muab tso rau hauv qab.Thaum txheej av ntawm cov dej sib tov, cov dej rov qab dua thiab cov seem txheej ntxiv rau sab saum toj.

Yog hais tias lub noo noo tsis absorbed ntev, raws li, cov av yog ntub rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, nws txhais tau hais tias lub orchids tsis xis muaj. Yuav tsum ntxiv Pine bark thiab tshauv. Thiab thaum twg rov qab qhov teeb meem, thaum cov dej tsis nyob hauv lub lauj kaub, ntxiv Moss thiab fern keeb kwm.

Tsis txhob hnov ​​qab mus txuas ntxiv kom them sai sai rau lub substrate nyob rau hauv uas exotic zoo nkauj sprouts. Vim hais tias cov organic muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj teeb meem, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yuav poob. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub orchid yuav tsum tau transplanted sai li sai tau, vim hais tias lub xeev ntawm cov nroj tsuag ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov av.