Cultivation ntawm eggplants tau yeej ib txwm raug xam los ntawm gardeners raws li ib yam ntawm kev xeem ntawm kev txawj. Kub-hlub kab lis kev cai yog kev xaiv, txiav txim siab, yuav tsum tau kev kho mob tas li.
Txawm li cas los, qhov tshwm sim tshiab ntau yam thiab cov hybrids, niaj hnub ntawm txoj kev ua liaj ua teb ua rau nws tau cog qoob loo tsis tawm hauv chav tsev.
Qhob eggplant ntau yam
- Pob zeb diamond. Glossy, nrog ntom greenish pulp, yam uas tsis muaj bitterness.
- Albatross. Cov khoom nruab nrab.
- Afghan liab. Ultrafast. Maturing lub sij hawm - 100 hnub los ntawm thawj zaug tua. Cov ntaub ntawv txhuam ntawm txhuam, xim liab, me me txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- A-163 Delicacy. Thaum ntxov ntau yam. Thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab tshem tawm tom qab 115-125 hnub tom qab germination.
- Cuav Thaum Ntxov 921. Ntau yam ntau.
- Lolita. Hybrid. Pom zoo rau kev ncua ntev thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
- Maikop-15. Chaw noj mov, qhov nruab nrab thaum ntxov.
- Solaris. Resistant kub kub heev. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo.
- Universal 6. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog pear-puab nrog tsaus, yuav luag dub tawv nqaij.
Ob txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov rais
Rearing
- Autumn transplanted zus nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, tsawg bushes nyob rau hauv uas ovary tseem nyob hauv pots ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 5 liv thiab resettled lawv nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev.
- Cov av nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub ram mus rau phab ntsa. Zoo watered. Txiav tawm cov ntxiv stems thiab nplooj, muab on ib tug sill tiv thaiv los ntawm drafts.
- Kom txog thaum lub nroj tsuag yuav siv paus, nws yog ib txwm sprayed thiab watered.
- Tom ntej, cultivated raws li chav tsev eggplant zus seedlings.
- Loj hlob mus ntxiv 1-3 lub hlis.
Loj hlob txaij noob ntawm tsev
Noob npaj:
- Tuav culling qhuav, puas, me me noob.
- Rau tus kheej cov nyiaj noob xaiv tag nrho ripened muag txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txiav mus rau hauv ob peb longitudinal qhov chaw. Ib tug tablespoon ntawm ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov noob. Qhuav.
- Uncoated Noob yuav tsum tau tsau tshuaj. Ua li no, npaj ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab pickle noob nyob rau hauv nws rau 20-30 feeb.
- Qhwv cov noob rau hauv ib daim ntaub ntub dej.. Sau ntawv mus rau germinate nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ceev faj thaum yuav cov noob hauv khw. Khij lub hnub tas sij hawm. Nco ntsoov tias cov noob uas tau los ntawm lawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem siv tau ntev tsis tshaj plaub lub xyoos.
Av. Npaj ib qho av rau cog. Vaj teb av, caij thiab lowland peat yog tov hauv sib npaug zos. Cov dej ntim muaj puv npo, khob. Poured tshaj ib tug liab daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Cia tawm hauv lub ntiaj teb los mus khwv thiab hnyav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub noob nroj ntawm cov kab laug sab no tau qeeb qeeb. Tshawb cov hnub tsaws raws li qhov tseeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen tag nrho nyob rau hauv 130-160 hnub tom qab germination.
Seedling. Nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm + 20-25 ° C ua ntej, lub germinated noob sprout nyob rau hauv 3-5 hnub, unsprouted - nyob rau hauv 2 lub lis piam. Nyob rau hauv qis kub, lub sij hawm ntawm rov tshwm sim ntawm tua yog nce los ntawm 10-15 hnub.
Nyob rau hauv rov tshwm sim ntawm tua pots muab rau ntawm qhov rais sillsntsib sab qab teb, sab qab teb-sab hnub poob. Lub qhov rais yog insulated. Nyob rau hauv lub huam nruab nrab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ib daim ntawv yas.
Lawv saib xyuas cov av thiab kub ntawm cov av hauv pots. Watered nrog dej sov.. Thaum dhau ntub, txias av seedlings rot. Nrog ib tug tsis muaj noo noo withers, dries.
Eggplant ntshai ntawm drafts, txawm ib lub teeb yooj yim ua rau kev tuag ntawm seedlings. Thaum cog qoob loo nyob ze cua sov roj teeb, lawv nce cov av ntawm huab cua los ntawm kev txau cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub raj mis tsuag.
Yog hais tias lub eggplants raug sown nyob rau hauv lub thawv, dhia dej.
Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm cotyledon nplooj, sprouts nrog ib tug clod ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog kom zoo zoo transplanted rau hauv loj ntim. Yog hais tias hauv paus system yog puas thaum xaiv, txhawb cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug stimulator loj hlob ntawm Kornevin.
Rau kev loj hlob kom zoo thiab tso ntawm ovaries eggplants yuav tsum tau txais lub teeb thiab cua sov 12-14 teev hauv ib hnub.
Tshwj xeeb yaj rau doshochivaniya seedlings yog tsau rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 15-40 cm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Los ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj mus rau Lub peb hlis ntuj, lub seedlings raug kaw nrog ib tug mini tsev xog paj. Ua li no, xaim los yog ntsia ua ib kab thiab muab qhwv nrog ib zaj duab xis tuab. Nyob hauv tsev cog khoom, qhov kub thiab txias yog nyob + 20-25 ° C hnub ci huab cua, + 17 ° S thaum hnub ci ntub, + 14-17 ° S thaum tsaus ntuj.
Eggplant seedlings pub ib zaug nyob rau hauv 7-10 hnub tej kua universal fertilizer raws li biohumus los yog diluted noog droppings, mullein, semi-decomposed compost. Lub sij hawm dhau los ua ntej transplanting ua mineral tag nrho fertilizer. Nroj noj zaub mov yog nrog los ntawm ntau tshaj watering.
Hla eggplant seedlings ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 70-80 hnub tom qab lub pots yog yuav luag tag nrho nrog sau overgrown keeb kwm. Rau Autumn seedlings no yog thawj xyoo caum ntawm Lub Peb Hlis. Xaiv cov laj kab muaj tsawg kawg yog 8 nplooj tiag thiab 2-3 buds.
Taub rau qhov kev loj hlob tag nrho yuav tsum yog ib lub cheeb ntawm 20-25 cm, qhov tob ntawm cassettes, thawv 15-20 cm.
Av rau cov neeg laus loj hlob qe yog tov los ntawm sib npaug ntawm cov xuab zeb, peat, sod av. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm txhua lub tank nteg tawm 5-7 granules ntawm complex fertilizer ntawm "Ispolin" hom, superphosphate mus qhib lub ovaries.
Nyob rau hauv cassettes, pots, thoob, eggplant bushes yog cog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab 25-30 cm yog sab laug nyob rau hauv lub thawv ntawm nroj tsuag.
Nrog ib tug tsis txaus tus nqi ntawm av los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cog ntau ntau siab, kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings nres, lub keeb kwm ua xim av.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nroj tsuag yog transshipped dua nyob rau hauv ntim los ntawm 2-3 cm superior rau yav dhau los cov, organic fertilizer rau txiv lws suav thiab eggplant, piv txwv li, Senor lws suav yog ntxiv rau hauv av.
Tos qhov sau qoob
Lub eggplants transplanted mus rau lub ntsiab zaub yog raug nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj.
Tsis tu ncua watered. Pib los ntawm May - txhua txhua hnub. Cov av yuav tsum nyob twj ywm hauv tsev.
Nrog ib tug tsis muaj noo noo lub nroj tsuag yuav pib pov ntawm paj buds thiab ovaries, saj yuav deteriorate, bitterness yuav tshwm.
Nrog kev loj hlob sai heev, qhov saum ntawm lub lateral stems yog pinched. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, ncuav 2-3 cm ntawm tshiab av rau stems. Thaum lub zes qe menyuam pib, daim ntawv no rov qab ua dua.
Artificial pollination yog nqa tawm yog hais tias tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug khi hauv inactive, maj mam.. Flowering nroj tsuag maj mam co, khi ntawm lub kav nrog koj tus ntiv tes los yog hloov paj ntoos los ntawm ib lub paj rau lwm nrog ib tug txhuam.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev nyab xeeb zoo txiav tawm nrog ib rab riam. 20-35 txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav 50-150 g harvested los ntawm tsob ntoo.Yog lawv xav tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj ntawm eggplants, lawv tshem tawm ib feem ntawm ovaries, tawm 4-6 eggplants ntawm ib tsob nroj.
Yuav ua li cas loj hlob eggplants on lub lawj:
- On untated balconies, loggias, verandas zus li eggplants ntxeem thaum ntxov May.
- Chav tsev kub yuav tsum nyob rau hauv + 23-28 ° C.
- Lawv muab ib qho kev cog ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiaj li hais tias koj tuaj yeem kis tau ntawm cov kis tsis tau kov cov nplooj thiab pos.
Eggplant nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntiav
Cov tswv ntawm cov tsev ntiav tau muaj sijhawm los cog qoob loo tag nrho txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv cov cua sov, ua kom zoo dua qub.
- Seedlings ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas zus nyob rau windowsill.
- Cog eggplants nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw mus tas li, seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv Wells ntawm medium tob, los nrog dej sov, mulched nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm peat.
- Sau 50 cm ntawm bushes.
- Eggplants nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj xav tau nplua nuj organic teeb meem, lub teeb av. Agronomists pom zoo kom tov vaj yooj yim hauv av, rotted compost, peat, manure, loosening additives. Ua ntej cog, cov av yog rhuab mus + 18-20 ° C.
- Tom ntej no mus rau eggplants tsis cog lwm cov qoob loo. Qhov tsuas yog lub me me ntau yam ntawm txiv lws suav.
- Nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj tswj ib qhov microclimate tas li: nruab hnub kub kub + 28, hmo ntuj + 12 ° C.. Rising kub saum toj no + 35 ° C yog dejnum rau kev coj noj coj ua.
- Tsis txhob cia cov av ntub dej. Yuav kom tshem tawm ntau tshaj noo noo, ua tib zoo ventilate lub tsev xog paj tom qab txhua lub watering.
- Thawj lub sij hawm tom qab kev sib hloov, lub eggplants yog watered on thib tsib hnub, ces txhua hnub. Watering yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, nyob rau hauv hauv paus, nrog dej nrog ib tug kub tsis qis tshaj + 25 ° C.
- Tsis tu ncua superficially loosened, spud hauv paus ceg.
Cov tswv yim tswv yim rau kev loj hlob eggplant nyob rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom:
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv tsev xog paj tej yam kev mob
Thaum loj hlob eggplant tsev xog paj fertilizer thov tsawg kawg 3-5 zaug ib lub caij. Ua ntej, phosphorus-poov tshuaj, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm active fruiting nitrogen-phosphate.
Thawj noj yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab transplanting lub seedlings, thaum keeb kwm noj paus, lawv yuav pib mus rau nquag nqus cov as-ham.
Yog hais tias tus nroj tsuag tsis Bloom zoo, lawv sprayed nrog ib tug daws ntawm boric acid. Ua li no, 5 grams ntawm qhuav teeb meem yog yaj nyob rau hauv 5 liv dej kub.
Nrog ntev foliation, ntau build-up ntawm ntsuab loj ua poov tshuaj sib txuas. Sickly, qaug zog bushes yog txhawb los ntawm kev npaj nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrogen.
Cov kab mob
Eggplant cultivated nyob rau tom tsev thiab lub caij ntuj no greenhouses susceptible rau fusarium wilt, blight, nplooj ntoos mosaic.
Kev kho yog ib txwm:
- Rau kev kho mob ntawm phytophthora eggplant bushes nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj sprayed nrog tooj liab-muaj npaj, piv txwv li, tov ntawm xiav vitriol (0.2%).
- Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm mosaic, spotting, so lub eggplant nplooj nrog diluted skim mis nyuj haus.
Kab tsuag
Thaum loj hlob eggplant nyob rau tom tsev Whitefly, kab laug sab mite, txiv kab ntxwv aphid. Txhawm rau nroj ntawm kab, nroj tsuag raug kho nrog neonicotodine insecticides Aktara, Konfidor, Mospilan, uas muaj cov nyhuv systemic rau cov nroj tsuag - nkag mus hauv, nroj tsuag noog hauv cov kua txiv, pub rau cov laus thiab cov menyuam yaus tuag.
Qej extract pab ntawm kab laug sab mite. Ib khob ntawm crushed qej yog diluted nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej. Tshuaj tsuag qhov cuam tshuam tawm ob zaug ib lub lim tiam.
Loj hlob nyob rau hauv tsev, nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev, ntawm ib lub sam thiaj yog ib qho nthuav, tab sis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm. Ntau dua kev sau, nyob rau hauv cov nqi sib piv, yog muab los ntawm kev loj hlob thiab lub caij ntuj no cultivation ntawm eggplants nyob rau hauv rhuab greenhouses nyob rau hauv lub tsev teb.
Cov ntaub ntawv pab
Nyeem lwm cov xwm txheej ntxiv txog kev loj hlob thiab kev tu xyuas rau eggplant seedlings:
- Txawv txoj kev ntawm cultivation: nyob rau hauv peat ntsiav tshuaj, nyob rau hauv ib lub qwj thiab txawm nyob rau hauv ntaub hoob nab.
- Tag nrho cov nta ntawm sowing raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub lunar.
- Ntaus ntawm cultivation nyob rau hauv ntau cheeb tsam ntawm Russia: nyob rau hauv lub Urals, nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab cheeb tsam Moscow.
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