Irises yog zoo nkauj nroj tsuag, tag nrho ntawm unpretentious, thiab tsis ntau txhawj nrog lawv. Yog tias peb loj hlob zoo li no, ces peb yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Los ntawm tsab xov xwm no koj yuav kawm txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev tua neeg, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv cov cab thiab kev kho cov xim.
Koj puas paub? Cov neeg Slavic muaj xws li cov npe ntawm irises li "pivnik" ("cockerel" hauv Ukrainian), "kasatik" (nplooj zoo li ib tug scythe), thiab kuj "perunika" (tom qab lub qub Slavonic vaj tswv Perun).
Yuav ua li cas nrog pests irises
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv kev loj hlob thiab tsis muaj kab tsuag nyob rau hauv irises yog ua raws kev cai agrotechnical thiab ze soj ntawm paj thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij.
Hauv paus (dos) mite
Nws puas tsuaj tsis yog tsuas yog irises, tab sis kuj ntau lwm yam bulbous nroj tsuag. Cov kab no muaj ib lub rooj sib thooj, muaj lub ntsej muag thiab 8 ceg, muaj peev xwm ntog 800 qe rau ib lub caij. Rau kev ceev nrawm, muab luam tawm loj heev, lub hauv paus cag xav tau ib qho dej noo (yam tsawg kawg 60%) thiab sov chaw. Feem ntau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag twb muaj kab mob nrog lwm yam kab. Nqa mus rau hauv paus system, nws settles nyob rau hauv lub tawg ntawm lub keeb kwm los yog nruab nrab ntawm teev. Vim li no, lub hauv paus rots, thiab foliage hloov daj. Thaum kis cov khoom cog, nws dries tawm.
Raws li ib txoj kev ntawm tawm tsam, siv kev khawb ntawm lub paj lub txaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nco ntsoov tshem tawm cov tseem tsis germinated rhizomes thiab diseased irises, soj ntsuam cog cov hnub. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim rau cov paj no xaiv qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub txaj hauv av. Qhov ncauj cia yuav tsum tau lim dej nrog cov phom leej tshwj xeeb, thiab lub qhov muag ntawm lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau qhuav ntawm ~ 36 ° C thiab nchuav nrog chalk (20 g ib 1 kg). Ua ntej cog, kuj siv cov zuam tiv thaiv kom kho cov qij.
Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij, kev kho mob ntawm irises los ntawm cov pests yuav spraying nrog ib tug daws ntawm 0.1% Rogora, 0.2% Trichlormetaphos, 0.2-0.3% Karbophos, los yog watering 0.2% Keltan, Rogor "thiab" Chlorofos ". Nws kuj tau tso cai rau dej hauv cov av nrog tshuaj tua kab.
Dos nematodes
Qhov no yog ib qho txaus ntshai Kab Tsuag ntawm tsis tsuas yog irises, tab sis kuj ntawm ntau cov zaub cov qoob loo. Qhov no 1.5 hli dawb kab cab tuaj yeem muaj noob thiab cog qoob loo, muaj peev xwm tuag tau ntau xyoo ntawm drought, tab sis xav tau heev moist hauv av rau mass distribution. Qhov no cab yuav txau rau ntawm iris kua txiv, retarding lawv txoj kev loj hlob, ua rau tsim ntawm distorted paj thiab o tuaj stems.
Raws li nrog sib ntaus tawm tsam paus mite, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los decontaminate lub cia thiab qhuav lub dos. Rau cog tuaj tos ib qho chaw nyob ze ntawm lub carrot. Siv percalcite yuav ua kom lub qe thiab larvae ntawm nematodes. Piv txwv li kuj tau ywg dej nrog ammonia dej thiab av kev kho mob nrog urea.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob cog cov tub yau hauv tib qhov chaw rau ntau xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm cia, lub humidity yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 70%.
May beetle
Lub larvae ntawm cockchafer tau nyob hauv av rau ob peb xyoos. Lawv gnaw lub keeb kwm ntawm irises. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhua tus yuav pab tau mechanically tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij thaum lub qhov tob tob. Thiab txij li thaum lawv muaj peev xwm raug pom nyob rau hauv chiv, ua ntej fertilizing cov av, nws yog nqi sifting thiab tshem tag nrho cov larvae. Rau kev sib ntaus kuj siv lub ntxiab cuab thiab kev qhia txog anhydrous ammonia.
Medvedka
Medvedka muaj ob khub ntawm tis, pem hauv ntej digging ko taw thiab muaj zog jaws. Nws gnaws lub keeb kwm thiab stems. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai rau bearded irises. Los tiv thaiv tawm tsam dais, khawb tob rau hauv av, siv cuab. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qhov chaw ua si, plywood, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv daim zajlus: Cov kab yuav nkag qis rau hauv lawv, thiab koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ntxiab thiab ua kom puas tsuaj. Los yog muab me me dung heaps, nyob qhov twg lub hau yuav nteg qe, thiab koj muaj peev xwm sau kab.
Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, khawb ob peb ib nrab-Meter qhov thiab sau lawv nrog manure. Medvedka tau muaj rau lub caij ntuj no. Thiab sai li sai tau lub frosts tuaj, lub manure yuav tsum tau muab pov tawm tawm ntawm lub pits. Qhov no yuav ua rau tus tuag kab. Kev siv cov ntxiab dej yog qhov ua tau. Ua li no, sau lub rhawv zeb nrog dej, tab sis tsis mus txog rau thaum kawg, tab sis nrog ib qho qis ntawm 10 cm thiab khawb lawv rau hauv av. Periodically saib mus rau hauv lub cuab thiab rhuav tshem cov kab txhom tau muaj.
Lub caij ntuj no daus
Nws feem ntau raug mob on ntub lowland xau. Raws li ib tug ntawm nws kev ua si, lub stems ua txhaum tawm, foliage hloov daj thiab fades. Tsis tas li ntawd, caterpillars scoops tau ua rau hauv paus system, uas yog ces yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob. Ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib tug daus ntawm cov hlua nkag nkag ntawm qhov chaw hauv av yuav pom.
Yuav kom ua puas lub pupae, khawb deeply thiab periodically loosen cov av. Thaum pib ntawm lub caij loj hlob, tsuag nrog 10% ntawm Karbofos thiab rov ua txoj haujlwm tom qab ib lub lim tiam.
Wireworm
Wireworm hu ua larva ntawm nias beetle. Nws muaj xim daj thiab tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov av rau 3-4 xyoo. Qhov no yog kab tsuag gnaws cov kab tawm hauv cov hauv paus hniav, muaj cov kab mob, cov ntswg, thiab ntev mus, tsim cov kab mob ntawm lub irises, uas muaj peev xwm txawm coj mus rau kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Weeds xws li wheatgrass thiab sow thistles yog nws cov khoom noj tseem ceeb, feem, peb yuav tsum tsis tu ncua them sai sai rau hma thiab loosening cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xaim muab rau acidic av, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog ua kom txiv qaub, tshauv, chalk los yog dolomite hmoov. Thiab yog hais tias koj ua ammonium nitrate los yog ammonium sulfate, nws yuav pab txo cov xov tooj ntawm larvae.
Slugs
Puas tsuaj tsis tsuas yog irises, tab sis kuj yog lwm yam paj thiab zaub cov qoob loo. Gnaw oblong qhov nyob rau nplooj ntoos, thiab tej zaum lub paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv kuj tseem txaus ntshai vim tias lawv tso kab mob bacteriosis. Silver nplooj yog sab laug rau ntawm nplooj.
Tsim cov ntxiab ntawm cov pob zeb ntub thiab cov ntaub ntub dej yuav pab koj ntes thiab tua slugs. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj los yog thaum sawv ntxov, nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab sov huab cua, scatter granulated metaldehyde nruab nrab ntawm lub irises los yog siv luam yeeb hmoov av thiab kua txiv qaub. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroj tsuag sprinkled nrog superphosphate yuav ua rau lawv ntshai. Kev tiv thaiv yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm nroj.
Aphid taum
Qhov no kab, settling rau ntawm nplooj, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab buds, muaj ib tug dub-ntsuab los yog xim av xim. Nws txau ntawm SAP ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yog vim li cas lub tua yog deformed, thiab foliage discolored thiab twisted.
Phosphorus-potassium tshuaj thiab niaj hnub siv los tswj kev ntsuas. Yog hais tias cov aphids tsis muaj sij hawm los muab, ces nws yog muab tshem tawm manually, thiab thaum twg kis tus kab mob, lawv siv cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj, hloov lawv txhua 10 hnub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho mob uas yuav siv tau los kho irises nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los ntawm cov kab mob yog manganese daws. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum siv sijhawm ntev li 20 feeb.
Thrips
Thrips - inconspicuous, me me, mus txog rau 1 mm, kab. Muaj dub, grey, xim av, thiab lub larvae - daj ntseg daj, ntsuab thiab grey. Lawv haus ntawm cellular SAP, raws li ib tug ntawm cov nplooj ua discolored thiab deformed, thiab qhov puas rhizome yog them nrog xim av me ntsis. Feem ntau nkaum hauv cov pos hniav thiab cov stamens lossis nplooj hlav nplooj.
Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj, khawb cov av, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab dej lub irises nyob rau hauv kub thiab qhuav huab cua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw mob nrog thrips, txheej txheem nroj tsuag txhua txhua 7-10 hnub nrog organophosphate daws.
Cov kab mob loj ntawm irises, lawv kev kho mob
Irises muaj peev xwm ntau tshaj li lwm cov perennials, tab sis lawv tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho tib si viral, thiab fungal, thiab kab mob bacterial pathogens. Tom ntej, peb xav txog lub ntsiab ntawm irises thiab txoj kev los tiv thaiv lawv.
Alternaria
Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob hu ua "fungal virus", uas yog ib qho dub tawg pleb rau ntawm cov nplooj ntawm nplooj ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv qhuav thiab poob tawm. Cov kab mob yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, vim hais tias tus kab mob no nyob tau hauv av. Siv ib tug niaj zaus Txau ntawm Bordeaux sib tov ua ntej thiab tom qab flowering (los yog nws sib npaug) raws li ib cov tshuaj.
Tshuaj muaj yees
Ascochitis, tseem hu ua mushroom nplooj ntoos chaw, ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov xim daj xim liab ntawm cov duab sib npaug, nyob rau hauv cov ntug. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no vam meej, qhov cuam tshuam foliage dries prematurely. Thaum kho, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nco ntsoov hais tias tus kab mob no muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm ob leeg nyob rau hauv cov av thiab nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag seem. Los tua siv yeeb tshuaj nrog tooj, xws li Bordeaux sib tov los yog hloov, ua ntej thiab tom qab ub.
Heterosporiosis
Heterosporia, los yog nplooj ntoos spotting, tau qhib los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli thiab xav zoo tshaj thaum huab cua sov thiab sov so. Defeat pib ntawm huab, laus nplooj ntawv. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj xim ntsej muag-nrog grate yuav pom thiab ua loj dua. Dhau lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov nplooj tawm qhuav, thiab tus kab mob kis cov hauv plawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nrog tus kab mob no kom tsis tu ncua tshem tawm qhuav, laus nplooj thiab cog khib nyiab. Koj tuaj yeem siv fungicides nrog tooj liab thiab zinc.
Mosaic
Mosaic irises feem ntau suffers aphid. Nws tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov kab txaij thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm nplooj ntoo. Txij li thaum ib txoj kev zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog mosaic tseem tsis tau pom, kev tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua los mus tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Lawv muaj xws li: txoj kev ua liaj ua teb kom zoo, kev tswj ntawm aphids thiab lwm yam kab tua kab nrog kev pab ntawm tshuaj, qhov kev puas tsuaj sai heev ntawm cov kab mob uas kis.
Spotting
Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txhua hom blotches, txau cov paj nrog 1% Bordeaux sib tov siv.
Koj puas paub? Lo lus "iris" yog txhais los ntawm Greek li "zaj sawv", vim hais tias lub paj yog lub npe tom qab ancient Greek vajtswv poj niam Iris, uas tau nqis los rau lub ntiaj teb rau ntawm ib tug zaj sawv.
Xeb
Nrog xws li ib tug kab mob ntawm irises, zoo li xeb, xim av nplooj tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, nyob ib ncig uas lub ntaub tuag, thiab nrog lub sij hawm foliage dries, twists thiab tuag. Stems yog deformed. Cov phom tuaj yeem mob siab rau hauv cov av thiab cov nroj tsuag khib nyiab.
Koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua (cog IRIS dua nyob rau tib qho chaw tom qab 3-4 xyoo), muab cov av tso tawm, tshem tag nrho cov kab mob nplooj thiab kho tas nrog daws nrog kua mis (rov ua dua txhua 2 lub lis piam kom txog thaum cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ploj).
Ntub dej rot (bacteriosis)
Cov kab mob ntub los sis cov xom tawg yog ib hom kab mob uas muaj peev xwm pom tau tias ntxov ntxov thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yog tias koj xyuam xim rau cov xim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nplooj saum nplooj ntoo. Lawv pib cog qoob loo ntawm qhov xaus thiab nws thiaj li qhuav. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub stalks tsw tsw tsis kaj siab. Sab hauv ib feem ntawm qhov rhizomes cuam tshuam zoo li ib tug dawb loj nrog ib tug putrid tsw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tus kab mob kis tau ntawm high humidity thiab cog ntom, khov ntawm rhizomes thiab qhia txog ntawm tshiab manure. Tsis muaj calcium thiab phosphorus, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug ntau ntawm nitrogen, kuj kuj stimulants ntawm bacteriosis.
Cov nqaij npuas cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog rau riam thiab txiav txiav nrog poov tshuaj permanganate. Rau kev yug me nyuam, siv cov khoom zoo xwb. Tshem tawm cov kab mob tawm ntawm lub site thiab ua puas, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, sau thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov remnants ntawm nroj tsuag.
Grey rot
Tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm ob hom nceb. Thawj yog qhib kom hla ntawm high humidity thiab ua rau qhov xaus ntawm nplooj thiab stems. Thaum kawg, lub foliage rots thiab yog them nrog grey Bloom. Qhov thib ob ua rau qhuav rot ntawm rhizomes.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tau koj tus kab mob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam koj cov irises, cog zaub rau hauv av, siv cov khoom noj qab haus huv, kom tshem tawm cov khoom seem thiab tsis hnov qab mus sau thiab hlawv tag nrho cov seem hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Qhuav rot (Fusarium)
Qhuav rot kis los ntawm keeb kwm, qhov twg, loj hlob, clogs lub vessels ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Rhizomes qhuav. Thaum lub sij hawm zuj zus rau lub caij nws muaj qhov zoo li ntawm ziab sai ntawm paj thiab nplooj. Tuag nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lawv qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev loj hlob kho nrog tooj liab oxychloride. Txau qhov noj qab haus huv irises nrog ib tug fungicide.
Txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm tej kab mob thiab kab tsuag yuav ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev ua vaj tse ubno, tsim kom muaj thiab raws sij hawm fertilization, watering, digging cov av, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau kev xaiv cov khoom zoo thiab cog cov tshwj xeeb raws li xav tau.
Peb cia siab tias qhov no tsab xov xwm hais txog kab tsuag, kab mob ntawm irises thiab lawv cov kev kho mob yog tseem ceeb rau koj. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov xim thiab muab kev saib xyuas kom zoo, thiab koj tsuas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv muab los ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv.
