Jerusalem artichoke (sunflower, tuberiferous tsev neeg ntawm cov Astrovs) - nyob rau hauv ntau cov neeg zoo dua lub npe hu ua "earthen pear". Nws yog ib qho tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj kev cog ntoo uas muaj peev xwm ntxim nyiam ntxig ntxig hauv cov as-ham. Ob tus tubers thiab ib sab ntawm ntsuab yog siv ua khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag yog pub rau tsiaj txhu, siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab cov kws kho mob.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm Jerusalem artichoke, txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov sab nraud cov cim, nyob rau hauv tawm los, qhov loj ntawm tubers, tus nqi ntawm ntsuab loj thiab lwm yam indicators.
Yuav ua li cas tsis ua yuam kev thaum xaiv?
Mus kom ze rau kev xaiv ntawm ntau yam ntawm Jerusalem artichoke nyob ntawm lub destination. Ntau yam nrog preferential txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Upper ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog fodder ntau yam, thiab ntau yam nrog preferential txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tubers yog tuber ntau yam ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm daim ntawv sau npe.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ripening ntau yam ntawm Jerusalem artichoke yog:
- thaum ntxov;
- nruab nrab;
- lig
Los ntawm lawv lub zog, lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tawm los ntawm qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas xaiv hom ntawm Jerusalem artichoke rau nws cov cultivation, nws yuav tsum tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg ua teb. Uas yog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm no qhov twg ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau, tubers los yog zaub. Txwv tsis pub, qhov khoom ua tsis tau raws li qhov kev thov, uas tau npaj tseg los ntawm lub khw.
Qhov thib ob uas yuav tau xav txog thaum xaiv ntau yam yog lub sij hawm ua si, uas yog, lub sij hawm los ntawm kev cog qoob cog kom yuav tsum txaus rau qhov chaw uas muaj huab cua, muab lwm yam tsis muaj sij hawm los muab ib qho zoo.
Nws tseem yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias tom qab ntau yam yuav me ntsis ntev lub txee lub neej ntawm tubers. Ib tug ntsuab loj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau thoob plaws hauv lub caij, yog li ntawd ntau yam ntawm tag nrho cov ripening zaus yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis yuav tsum sab laug yam tsis pub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Yog hais tias Yeluxalees artichoke yog loj hlob rau cov hom phiaj zoo nkauj los yog los tiv thaiv lwm yam nroj tsuag ntawm cov cua, ces ntau yam nrog zoo nkauj khoom thiab ib tug loj deciduous loj uas yuav tsum tau, uas guarantees qhov siab tshaj plaws nyhuv.
Cov kev cai xaiv ntawm cov cheeb tsam txawv climatic
Tsis yog txhua txhua yam yog tsim rau txhua cheeb tsam, raws li nyob rau hauv ntau cheeb tsam txawv txawv climatic tej yam kev mob.
- Rau lub Urals.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tau xaiv ua ntej ntau yam, txij li kev txhim kho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm no yuav tsum muaj sij hawm mus ua kom tiav ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Koj yuav tsum tau nres cov kev xaiv ntawm frost-resistant ntau yam uas cia koj loj hlob Jerusalem artichoke txawm nyob rau hauv qaum teb latitudes, nyob rau hauv uas tubers yuav sab laug nyob rau hauv cov av rau tag nrho lub caij ntuj no, tsis khawb, thiab uas persist kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav los ntawm 90-100%. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev xaiv, ntau hybrids nrog teev vaj tse tau tsim.
- Rau central Russia.
Rau thaj chaw sov ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws, nws yog ntshaw mus rau hauv tus account muaj nce ntau yam kev cai rau cov cua sov thiab drought. Nws kuj tseem raug pom zoo kom xaiv lig ntau yam ripening - cov no yog siab siab (txog 3-4 m), muab ntau ntawm greenery (txog 1000 kg / Ha), thiab tubers, txawm tias me me.
- Rau Siberia.
Nyob rau hauv Siberia, nws tsis yog li yooj yim kom nrhiav tau txoj cai tsi Yeluxalees artichoke. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, thaum ntxov ripening ntau yam noj paus. Ntawm chav kawm, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav zus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam, tab sis lawv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Thaum ntxov ripening ntau yam kuj tseem nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov av kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yam uas tsis muaj poob ntawm thaj chaw.
Kev piav qhia thiab cov duab ntawm lub ntsiab hom
Thaum Ntxov
Vadim
Shrub Bush. Loj tubers ntawm 60-65 g, uas muaj peev xwm yuav zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub cellar tag nrho lub caij ntuj no, peppered nrog xuab zeb. Xim liab reddish paj yeeb.
Thaum Ntxov rau
Nws matures sai sai, rau 110 - 125 hnub. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem hlob tuaj hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, ntau yam ua rau cov dej droughts, sov thiab cua txias. Branched qia, txog 1.5 m, nplooj yog tsaus, nrog cloves, zoo li lub plawv. Lub tuberous zes yog compact, lub tubers yog me ntsis yellowish, me me, npawv. Cov tawm los ntawm tubers - 250 kg / Ha, ntsuab loj - 268 kg / Ha.
Volzhsky-2
Nyob rau hauv no ntau yam, cov xim ntawm stems yog greenish-xim av, qhov kev npaj ntawm nplooj yog paired, muaj mos pubescence rau ntawm nplooj. Nws loj hlob 100-110 hnub. Pear-xws li tubers ntawm sib tw dawb thiab lilac-liab paj, nyob rau hauv lub zes 10-30 tubers. Cov ntau yam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau te thiab drought. Zoo rau lub ntiaj teb dub dub. Cov tawm los ntawm tubers 150 kg / Ha, ntsuab loj - 200 kg / Ha.
Nruab Nrab
Leningrad
Lub caij nyoog ripening ntawm no ntau yam yog 140 hnub, tab sis nws tubers yog zoo wintered nyob rau hauv cov av kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab khaws 90% ntawm lawv cov khoom, yog li ntawd ntau yam zoned rau North-West. Ib tug nroj tsuag nrog ib tug ntseeg tau pubescent qia, tawm elongated, tsis tshua toothed. Strongly branched Bush. Tubers yog dawb, muaj ib tug elongated duab, medium loj. Siab tawm los ntawm tubers - txog li 498 c / Ha, raws li tau zoo raws li ntsuab loj - 420 c / Ha.
Omsk dawb
Mus txog 2 m siab, ntsis branching, stems tsaus ntsuab nrog ib tug liab tint, nplooj yog medium loj. Tubers yog me me (55-60 g), spherical, los ntawm Bush tau txais mus txog 1.5 kg. Cov caij nyoog loj hlob yog 125-130 hnub. Loj hlob hauv kev nyab xeeb. Cov tawm los ntawm tubers - 430 c / his.
Vylgothic
Nws muaj ib tug tuab, muaj kua qia nrog pubescence, dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ib tug spreading shrub. Cov nplooj yog taw, loj, nrog txhav fibres. Yellow xim elongated tubers. Lub caij rau cov nroj tsuag ntsuab yog 125 hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub tubers yog 100% khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov av. Ntsuab huab cua tawm los yog 346 kg / his. Feem ntau zoned rau North, North-West, Volga-Vyatka cheeb tsam.
Hungarian
Qib siab tshaj plaws pub qib. Heev (txog li 5m) cog nrog tuab ceg, tsis yuav tsum tau lub teeb ci, yuav loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo.
Lub sijhawm
Tshawb xyuas
Lig ripening ntau yam, 170-180 hnub, high-yielding, zoo rau yav qab teb climatic cheeb tsam. Qia weakly branched, nrog lwm lub teeb nplooj. Compact tuberous zes, dawb-liab tubers nrog ci pear-puab ob lub qhov muag. Cov qib tawm los ntawm tubers - 350 kg / Ha.
Pasko
Tuberous ntau yam. Ib tug haib, loj hlob branching nroj tsuag, qhov xaus ntawm nplooj yog taw, me me ci paj nrog ib tug me ntsis reddish tinge. Nws muaj loj tubers weighing 75-90 g, nyob rau hauv xim dawb nrog ib tug creamy tint, elongated. Lub caij loj hlob yog 170-180 hnub. Muab hlob txhua txhia qhov chaw. Cov tawm los ntawm tubers ncav 308 c / Ha, thiab ntsuab loj - 354 c / Ha.
Txaus siab
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog, withstands kub thiab txias, tab sis nws xav tias phem thaum muaj ib qho shortage ntawm noo noo. Lub caij nyoog laus yog 146 hnub, muab ntxuav hauv lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj, tsim nyog nyob rau sab qab teb. Nws muaj zog sai sai-loj hlob stems ntawm medium branching. Ob lub qhov muag on tus smooth tubers. Cov qib tawm los ntawm tubers yog 265 c / Ha, ntsuab loj - 436 c / Ha.
Tshav ntuj
Siab (2 m) tuberous ntau yam, moderately bushy, ntseeg tau branched. Nws muaj loj, qe-puab nplooj. Loj npuaj pob zeb. Tubers muaj daim ntawv ntawm ellipse, xim dawb, qhov loj me, qhov hnyav 60 g. Ntoo sijhawm yog 170 hnub. Nws hlob zaws txhua qhov tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb subarctic. Cov tawm los ntawm tubers - txog li 400 kg / Ha, ntsuab loj - 320 kg / Ha.
Hom nrog loj tubers
Nyob rau hauv loj ntau yam, qhov loj ntawm tubers ncav 100 g lossis ntau tshaj.
- Qhov loj tshaj plaws-fruited yog Pasko ntau yam, nws tubers ncav cuag 80-90 g thiab tawm los yog siab, tshaj 300 kg / Ha. Nws tuaj yeem zom zaws.
- Tsi Tshav ntuj - tubers 60 g, heev high-yielding - txog li 400 kg / his. Nws hlob txhua qhov, tsuas yog rau sab qaum teb.
- Ntau Vadim - qhov ceeb thawj ntawm tubers 60-65 g, muaj ib tug nce kom zoo.
Ntawm ntau yam ntawm ntau yam, koj yuav tsum xaiv rau koj tus kheej ib qho uas zoo tshaj plaws raws li qhov xav tau ntawm no tseem ceeb cog raw khoom siv hauv kev ua liaj / teb, zaub mov kev lag luam thiab cov tshuaj.
