Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb pheej yeem yuav cov me me ntawm cov me nyuam yaus kom thiaj li loj hlob ntawm lawv cov tsiaj txhu muaj zog thiab muaj zog, thaum muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm nws cov zaub mov. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum yug me nyuam calves rau cov nqaij, thiab thaum twg raising cov nyuj siv mis nyuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas xaiv cov tsiaj txhu thiab nws tus neeg sawv cev, uas yog ib tus neeg ua teb tshiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuab heev. Cia peb nrhiav seb yuav xaiv tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chaw muaj mis nyuj thiab nqaij, es pom tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj txawv hauv tsab xov xwm.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev yuav khoom
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm yuav ib lub plab hlaub tsuas yog ob leeg: lawv yuav tom qab muab rau cov nqaij, thiab ntawm no peb tab tom tham txog cov nyuj calves, los yog yuav sab laug rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov mis nyuj ntau lawm, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav nqus me me.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tag nrho cov naj npawb muaj txiaj ntsig yog piv rau, thiab ntau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hnyav nce siab yog nyob ntawm qhov kev mob thiab kev noj haus ntawm cov tsiaj.
Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, muaj ntau ntau hom tsiaj uas ua tau los ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm no. Xav txog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. 
Bullhead rau fattening (slaughter rau nqaij)
Feem ntau, thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob nyuj rau cov neeg ua teb, tus neeg ua liaj ua teb xav tau siab tshaj qhov hnyav tshaj plaws txhua qhov hnyav, yog li ntawm 1-1.5 xyoo nws tau txais tes ntawm cov tsiaj tua thiab tau nyiaj ntau kawg.
Kawm txog cov feem ntau ntawm cov nqaij bulls thiab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob rau fattening.
Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nqaij ntub nrog cov neeg mob fattening muaj peev xwm nce 400-500 kg los ntawm lub sij hawm no, tab sis qee zaus kuj muaj ntau tus qauv ntawm 350 kg. Qhov ntsuas nruab nrab rau cov yug kab muaj npe hauv qab rooj.
| Yug | Mob hnyav thaum yug (kg) | Txhua hnub qhov hnyav nce ntawm calves (g) | Qhov hnyuv ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib thiab ib nrab xyoo (kg) |
| Aberdeen-Angus | 25 | 800 | 350 |
| Kazakh Dawbhead | 27 | 1000 | 400-450 |
| Hereford | 36 | 1200-1500 | 350-400 |
| Simmental | 44-46 | 900-110 | 350-400 |
| Sharolezskaya | ntau tshaj 30 | 1000-1500 | 400 |
| Shorthorn | 35 | 1200-1500 | 450-500 |
| Golshtinsky | 45 | 900-1100 | 450 |
| Limousin | 35 | 1000 | 500 |
| Kalmyk | 30 | 1000 | 450-550 |
Hluas nkauj ntawm tus nyuj
Nws kuj tsis yog yooj yim heev los xaiv ib tug me nyuam ntxhais rau ntxiv cultivation thiaj li yuav tau txais mis nyuj haus. Cov neeg ntiav qe tsis pheej yig, thiab koj tseem yuav tsum to taub uas yug menyuam nyiam, vim lawv xav txog lawv lub ntsiab nta thiab yuav tsum tau ua. Cov mis zoo zoo rau peb qhov chaw nyob yog hauv qab rooj.
| Yug | Mis nyuj qhwv noj txhua xyoo (t) | Cov roj rog cov ntsiab lus (%) | Protein ntsiab lus (%) |
| Dub thiab motley | 5,0 | 3,7-3,9 | 3,2 |
| Red-motley | 4,15 | 3,96 | 3,4-3,7 |
| Liab steppe | 3,2-3,5 | 3,5-4,0 | 3,7-3,9 |
| Ayrshire | 8,5 | 4,28 | 3,44 |
| Dutch | 4,5 | 3,5-4 | 3-3,5 |
| Yaroslavskaya | 2,7-3,5 | 4,4-4,5 | 3,4-3,7 |
| Tsho | 3,0-3,5 | 5-6 | 4 |
| Kholmgorskaya | 3,5-4,0 | 3,6-3,7 | 3,3-3,4 |
Qhov tseeb, txhua tus poj niam muaj nws tus kheej zoo, tab sis thaum txiav txim siab zaum kawg, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau siab rau lwm yam tsiaj txhu ntawm lub calf: xav tau nyob rau hauv kev raug txim ntawm txim thiab pub, kev tiv thaiv thiab thaum ntxov ripening ntawm kev tiv thaiv.Feem ntau, cov khoom noj uas siv mis nyuj haus yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo zoo los ntawm tus tswv.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug calf thaum muas
Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum koj muas ib qho nyuj me me los yog bull, pib ntawm yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab hnub nyoog. Tus neeg yuav yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account calf lub pedigree thiab xyuam xim rau nws nqus dej thiab ua pa.
Hnub nyoog
Lub hnub nyoog zoo tagnrho rau cov muas tau pab rau fattening yog 1.5-2 lub hlis txij thaum yug los, thaum koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, cov me nyuam tseem qaug zog thiab tuaj yeem muaj mob rau hauv cov mob tshiab.
Yuav kom tsis txhob yuam kev nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm calf thaum muas, nco ntsoov them sai sai rau cov nram qab no yam tseem ceeb:
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm txoj hlab ntaws qis: yog hais tias nws yog thiab hangs - lub calf tsis ntau tshaj 10 hnub, txawm li cas los, ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Holstein yug, nws muaj peev xwm tsuas poob tawm thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm nees nkaum.
- Qhov mob ntawm cov hniav ntawm xaiv tsiaj: Tus me nyuam muaj 4 mis nyuj hniav txij thaum yug los, tom qab ib lub lim tiam nws muaj tus kab thib peb thiab thib plaub incisors, thiab lwm hnub 7 hnub tom qab tus kabmob thib plaub hlob tuaj (tsis zoo li niaj zaus, cov kua qaub ncaug yog ib txwm thinner thiab softer). Lub incisors ncav lawv cov kev txhim kho hauv 3-4 lub hlis, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4-5 xyoos, cov khauj thiab sab sab hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov leeg hniav pib zom, thiab thawj cov pos hniav tshwm tuaj.
Tsos
Cov tsos ntawm lub calf yog tau mus rau characterize nws tus mob yog ntau zoo dua tus tswv. Yog hais tias tus xaiv tsiaj yog nquag, kev lom zem thiab xav paub, thiab lub wool on nws yog zoo nkauj shimmering - qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv rau kev yuav khoom.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qee lub sij hawm, thiaj li khiav nkaum lub plab hnub nyoog tam sim no los yog coj mus rau kev nyab xeeb dua, cov neeg muag khoom yuav txiav qhov qis qaum, uas yuav pom sab nraud.
Qee lub sij hawm noj qab nyob zoo txawm lawv tus kheej mus rau tib neeg, thaum qaug zog thiab mob mus dag ntxiv tsis qhia kev ua txhua yam.
Yog tias koj tsis xav siv lub zog ntxiv thiab nyiaj txiag rau cov pab pawg neeg laus uas tsis muaj zog, ces koj yuav tsum zam cov tsiaj nrog:
- hunchbacked rov qab;
- lowered pob ntseg;
- teary ob lub qhov muag;
- tawm ntawm lub qhov ntswg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov yuav lub plab hlaub ua ntej mus yuav khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj noj qab nyob zoo, nws yuav tsum tsis muaj o los yog ua rau muaj kev tsis haum rau tus me nyuam - yog tias tus tsiaj tsis xis nyob thaum palpation, nws yuav tsum pib pib ncaws, los yog tsawg kawg sim kom deb ntawm koj tus kheej. 
Tus kab mob ntawm lub pwg yeej yuav tsum tau kho, txwv tsis pub tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua txob ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab tom qab tuag ntawm lub plab hlaub.
Koj puas paub? Nyuj muaj peev xwm hnov kev tu siab thiab quaj, ib yam li tib neeg. Yog li, yog hais tias tus neeg siv tus menyuam mos liab, nws tuaj yeem quaj tas li ob peb xuab moos.
Cov phom calves nrog ib tug loj puav pheej tsim nyog tshwj xeeb saib xyuas (thaum yug tshaj 18 hli nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus). Nyob rau hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob, lawv muaj ib tug innate susceptibility rau ntau yam kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub xub ntiag ntawm ib txoj hlab ntaws hernia tuaj yeem ua rau tus hlob hlob ntawm tus tsiaj, uas yog vim li cas tus nqi ntawm cov calves no ib txwm qis.
Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb puas muaj hernia los thawb lub plaus tawm ntawm sab hauv. Yog tias tib lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem siv txoj hlua ntawm lub qhov, nws txhais tau hais tias tus me nyuam muaj hernia.
Calf ua pa
Thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj xyuas, nco ntsoov xyuam xim rau cov neeg ua tsis taus pa. Ua pa nrawm thiab exhalation (ntau tshaj 20 zaug hauv ib feeb) qhia qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm txoj hlab ua pa. Txhawm rau kuaj koj lub ntsws, muab lub calf khiav ncig lub teb rau ob peb feeb: yog tias nws pib hnoos, ces muaj teeb meem tseem. 
Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas rau qhov hnoos los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tus mob ntawm lub cev tracheal: hnov qhov ntswg trachea (nyob ntawm lub caj dab) nrog koj cov ntiv tes, thiab maj mam nias nws thiab rub tawm (nyem).
Yog hais tias tus me nyuam pib hnoos thiab hawb pob tau hnov, qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob ntawm txoj hlab ntsws. Rau qhov kov, lub trachea tsa ib txoj hlua ncig thiab tseem tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov ntiv tes.
Nqus tau ua kom tiav
Kuaj xyuas cov calf's nqus dej ua kom rov zoo siab yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom paub tseeb tias nws muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo. Muab tus me nyuam ob tug ntiv tes tso rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj thiab saib seb nws pib yuav ntxais lawv li cas: yog tag nrho cov taw yog qhov sib npaug thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov ncauj tsis siab dhau lawm, ces tus neeg ntawd yuav tsum tau yuav.
Calves hnub nyoog 1 txog 3 lub hlis tsis tom, tsis txhob ntshai ntawm qhov no.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias koj tsis noj ib calf los ntawm ib tug nyuj, nws muaj peev xwm pub nws nrog nws mis nyuj rau peb lub xyoos.
Pedigree
Nyob rau hauv feem ntau me me ntiag tug, nws tsis tas yuav cia siab rau cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha txog cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj xaiv, vim tias txawm tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv, lawv tsis tas li nrog kev muaj tiag. 
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb tham txog ib qho kev ua liaj ua teb nrog lub npe zoo, ces koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nram no:
- niam yog qhov tsim tau (yog hais tias nyuj cov kua mis muaj li 5500 liters ib xyoos twg, thiab qhov qhia tau ntawm cov txiv nyuj ntawm tus txiv kab ntau tshaj li 8500 liters, ces txhua tus me nyuam uas xaiv tau nws yuav tsim tau 500 l ntau dua leej niam);
- poj niam thiab txiv leej txiv ntau tshaj li ob peb tiam yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam (tsis txhob poob siab, vim tias cov niam txiv kev sib raug zoo ua rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv).
Ua raws li cov tswv yim yooj yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov zoo ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ua li cas nws nyob ntawm koj qhov kev tu ncua thiab kev noj haus, uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog.
