Raspberry loj hlob

Yuav ua li cas cog thiab loj hlob raspberries ntau yam "Balsam"

Raspberries yeej ib txwm nto moo tsis zoo rau cov cua thiab zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj rau lawv cov kev pab rau tib neeg lub cev, thiab los txhim kho cov kev zoo no, tib neeg tseem coj tshiab thiab tshiab cog ntau yam. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev xaiv yog raspberry "Balsam", thiab koj yuav paub seb nws yog zoo kawg li thiab yuav ua li cas kom koj tus kheej nrog ib tug zoo mov ntawm tseem ceeb berries - nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Ntau yam piav qhia

Raspberry "Balsam" yog ib qho upright, tab sis heev sprawling Bush ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab (nyob rau hauv ib tug huab cua puag, nws qhov siab feem ntau tsis tshaj 1.8 m). Txhua xyoo tua yog ncaj tuab, ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, thaum biennial tua tseem twb tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teeb xim av xim. Nyob rau 1 m² ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov ntaub ntawv txog 15-20 tua nrog ib tug qhia tau meej wax lo rau lawv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog medium-studded, nrog nyuaj shortened spikes ntawm xim av xim.

Ntxiv nrog rau liab raspberry ntau yam, daj thiab dub raspberries kuj pom nyob rau hauv tsev teb, nrog ntau yam khoom siv.

Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov piav qhia raspberry tsis dhau wrinkled thiab feem ntau yog cov loj heev. Los ntawm cov saum toj no, lawv tsaus ntsuab thiab npub, thiab tawm hauv qab lawv yog sib zog, hnyav hnyav pubescent, nrog hloov maj mam muag spikes ntawm ib lub teeb liab xim (lawv stretch raws lub ntsiab ntawm cov nplooj). Cov nroj tsuag tsis tau tsuas yog zoo saj, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm muaj ib tug lig effect rau tag nrho tib neeg lub cev, txij thaum nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm antipyretic, anti-inflammatory thiab antioxidant thaj chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tseem ceeb ntau cov vitamins thiab minerals, cov uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cais cov vitamins A, B2, PP, E, folic acid.

Koj puas paub? Balsam ntau yam tau txais thanks rau qhov kev hla ntawm Newburgh nrog Ruby Bulgarian, thiab nws tau ntxiv rau hauv lub Xeev Register ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 1993.

Ib qho txawv ntawm Balsam yog qhov zoo ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness, uas tso cai rau nws kom muaj kev tu ncua thiab tsis txhob evaporation nyob rau hauv lub coldest winters. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag tau zoo los thim thiab dej nyab ntawm hauv paus system, albeit nrog tsawg heev precipitation. Qhov no ntau yam yog ntse zus thoob plaws hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab Ukraine, thiab tsuas yog yuav tsuas yog lub Ural, sab qaum teb thiab Far Eastern thaj tsam ntawm Russia.

Yam ntxwv ntawm berries thiab tawm los

Siav raspberry "Balsam" yog ib tug maub-liab doog berries ntawm medium loj, weighing 2.6-2.8 g. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog ib-seem, muaj ib txoj kev sib txuas dav dav thiab ib lub qauv ntom. Nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm tag nrho kom loj hlob, lawv zoo heev cais los ntawm qia thiab muaj zoo saj cov ntaub ntawv (pulp yog qaub-Sweet), tab sis lub tsw yog tsis tseem ceeb.

Peb qhia koj kom koj nyeem cov txiaj ntsig ntawm raspberries.

Raws li kev tsim tau, qhov no nws muaj ntau dua qhov nruab nrab thiab yog li 60-80 centner ntawm 1 hectare ntawm plantations, thiab nrog tu zoo no daim duab yuav nce mus txog 10.5-12.1 t / h. Thaum twg zus nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntiav nrog ib tug Bush, koj muaj peev xwm tau txais 2.5-2.7 kg ntawm ripe thiab six berries. Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen yuav luag ib txhij, thiaj li hais tias nrog me me ntawm ib lub sij hawm lawv sau tag nrho qoob loo.

Agrotehnika cultivation thiab kev saib xyuas rau raspberries

Yog xav tau siab tshaj plaws ntawm delicious thiab noj qab haus huv raspberry berries, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus muab lub bushes nrog rau feem ntau xis mob rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tswv yim agrotechnical (qab hau kom zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rau dej, pub thiab pruning), nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev nyob rau hauv kev xaiv lub seedlings lawv tus kheej, yog li ntawd peb yuav pib nrog rau lo lus nug no.

Raspberry ntau yam xws li Heritage, Barnaul, Ispolin, Muaj nuj nqis ntawm Russia, Canadian, Kirzhach, Polka, Atlanta, Cumberland, Tiberberry thiab Caramel ".

Xaiv ntawm seedlings

Tsis yog tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm lub khw yuav ua rau muaj kev vam meej thiab yuav hnov ​​zoo nyob hauv koj lub vaj. Qee yam ntawm lawv yuav raug puas ntsoog thaum caij tsheb npav, tab sis lwm tus yuav kis tau tus kab mob los yog kab tsuag. Kom paub qhov txawv txav ntawm cov qoob loo zoo, nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tseeb tias koj tab tom nrhiav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm raspberry "Balsam", koj yuav tsum luam nrog cov nram qab no cov yam ntxwv:

  • medium tuab;
  • nrog zoo tsim rhizome;
  • nrog rau ib los yog ntau tshaj tawm tag nrho stems.
Yog hais tias koj xaiv seedling muaj ib qho qhib paus system, ces thaum lub sij hawm tsheb thauj mus rau lub rhizome yuav tsum tau qhwv nrog ib daim ntaub damp, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim ntawd prikopyat. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis nco qab tias ntev cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv hnab yas los yog burlap yog heev undesirable, raws li lub keeb kwm yuav pib rot, thiab seedling yuav ua unsuitable rau ntxiv siv.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj tsis tas yuav yuav loj heev raspberry bushes, raws li nws yuav nyuaj rau lawv mus hloov mus rau tshiab lub chaw uas zoo heev.

Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim

Xaiv ib qhov chaw rau cog thiab ntxiv kev tu ntawm cov nroj tsuag, koj yuav tsum them nyiaj rau tsuas yog rau cov cheeb tsam zoo-zes los ntawm lub hnub thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua, qhov twg nyob rau hauv snowtime snow drifts feem ntau tsim. Tsaws cov khoom ntsa raug pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, thiab kuj los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Cov av nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum yog me ntsis loamy, thiab Sandy thiab Sandy Sandy xau yuav tsum tau muab dej thiab fertilized tsis tu ncua nrog cov organic teeb meem.

Av thiab chiv

Ua ntej cog seedlings nyob rau hauv lub npaj qhov, cov av nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tau fertilized nrog peat, humus, organic teeb meem, ntoo tshauv, rotted manure los yog nqaij qaib droppings. Kuj muaj kev daws zoo yuav ua ke ntawm cov organic teeb meem nrog ntxhia pob zeb, ntawm cov uas feem ntau mas yog superphosphate (150-200 g) thiab poov tshuaj (60-80 g). Tshiab nyuj dung yog tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm no.

Yog tias thaum lub sij hawm cog koj tau coj tus nqi txaus noj rau cov av, tom qab ntawd thawj ob lub xyoo nws tsis tas yuav nqa cov khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus. Txij li thaum peb lub xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm "Balsam", txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cov av nyob rau hauv lub raspberries yuav tsum tau flavored nrog nitrogen-muaj sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm sib sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev coj tus kheej bushes, potash thiab phosphate chiv (50-60 g ib square), superphosphate, poov tshuaj sulphate thiab ntoo tshauv yog siv (nws yog txaus kom cia li txog li cov av). Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug zoo zoo muab qhov qhia txog ntawm cov organic sib txuas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rotted manure diluted nyob rau hauv dej 1:10.

Dej thiab noo noo

Raspberry "Balsam" nyiam noo noo, yog li lawv cov dej nws txhua lub lim tiam, siv 30-40 liv dej rau txhua square square ntawm av. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshaj dej yog yuav tsum tau rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tom qab cog, uas yuav ua rau lawv cov ciaj sia zoo.

Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias raspberry hlob ze rau apiary, ces peb yuav cia siab rau ib tug raug siab tawm los, vim hais tias, sau nectar, bees nce no cov duab los ntawm 40-60%.

Kev sib raug zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias

Feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm cheeb tsam kev nyab xeeb, raspberries ntawm piav ntau yam tiv lub caij ntuj no frosts zoo, tab sis sab qaum teb koj, qhov ntau dua nws yog hais tias koj yuav tsum tau vaj tse. Cov kab yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 cm saum toj no hauv av, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm raug tsau nrog kev pab ntawm hmoov, khi rau ib qho kev txhawb nqa los yog tshwj xeeb pegs. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnyav winters, koj muaj peev xwm siv spandex rau vaj tse.

Luam thiab cog

Raspberry seedlings yog cog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn, thiab ntsuab cuttings yog cog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Cov av rau cog yog npaj ua ntej, thiab thaum lub sij hawm Autumn cog - txog ib lub hlis. Yog tias koj npaj cog tsob ntoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces cov kev npaj ua si yuav tau saib xyuas thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, qhov no yuav ua tau nrog cov sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm thawj tshav kub, tab sis tsuas yog tas 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej npaj tsaws.

Tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub tswv yim classical, nrog ib tug deb nruab nrab ntawm bushes ntawm 70-100 cm, los ntawm ib tug kab xev method (interval 200-220 cm) los yog los ntawm ib tug Bush (1.5 m ntawm bushes).

Yog hais tias koj xav raspberry bushes loj hlob thiab tsim kom zoo, kawm tau li cas cog raspberries nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.

Raws li kev yug me nyuam, nyob rau hauv no raspberry "Balsam" kuj yog ib tug neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov hom. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim dissolve rau lub site nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: siv lignified thiab ntsuab cuttings, rhizome thiab dividing lub Bush. Ib qho ntawm cov kev nrov tshaj plaws yog txiav tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem hluas 20 cm siab los ntawm leej niam cov nroj tsuag nrog ntxiv cog (ua ke nrog lub ntiaj teb pob) nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab. Cog lub site abundantly watered, mulched thiab shaded.

Pruning

Ntau cov "Balsam" yog hais txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau heev, yog li ntawd cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau txiav kom tsis tu ncua, thaum lub caij sov tas. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv ntau theem:

  1. Tom qab sau qoob tag, tag nrho ob xyoos uas muaj kab tshauv raug muab tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag (lawv yuav tsum twb tau cog hauv lub xyoo tam sim no), thiab kom tsis txhob kis tau tus kab mob, lawv raug kub hnyiab, uas yav tas los tau raug coj mus lawm.
  2. Tom ntej no cov pob txha los ntawm tob tob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thaum lub sijhawm no, txiav txhua yam tsis tseem ceeb, qhuav qhwv thiab tua kab mob, rhuav tshem lawv tom qab uas tau piav qhia saum toj no.
  3. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm May lawv feem ntau pinch lub saum ntawm ob-xyoo tua, stimulating kev loj hlob ntawm tshiab ceg.
  4. Nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo tom ntej los ntawm raspberry "Balsam" koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm txoj kev loj hlob, siv ib tug ntse spade.
Tsis txhob hnov ​​qab txog kev soj ntsuam, nrog txiav qhov qaug zog thiab yam tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kab. Yog li ntawd, tsis tshaj li 10 tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm ib tus ntsuas khiav.

Rau qhov muaj kev vam meej cultivation ntawm raspberries, nws yuav tsum tau kom txiav.

Loj hlob thiab kev pom zoo

Qhov teeb meem loj hauv kev loj hlob Balsam ntau yam yog ib pawg loj ntawm ntev tua, yuam lawv lean rau hauv av nws tus kheej. Yuav kom tsis txhob ua txhaum tawm ntawm cov ceg ntoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog siv cov kev txhawb zog, thiab qee zaus txawm tias ob peb hom nyob hauv ib lub caij nyoog loj hlob. Feem ntau, feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntawm cov ceg ntoo, thiab tau muab cov nroj tsuag khi rau ntawm nws. Txawm li ntawd los, qhov tseem ceeb disadvantage ntawm no txoj kev yog txo nyob rau hauv lub illumination ntawm lub sab hauv ntawm lub Bush thiab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws tag nrho cov tawm los. Qee qhov teebmeem no yuav pab kom ntxuaj tso tawm ntawm kev tua kab, thaum nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ntoo sib txawv nyob rau hauv ncej thiab khi lawv mus rau ib nrab ntawm txhua tus ceg ntawm lawv, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los rub lub xaim los yog npaj ib lub pob khib nyiab (kev tua xim txheeb nrog cov kev txhawb zog thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej lub buds).

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nroj tsuag ntau yam yog heev sprawling, yog li rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv koj muaj rau ration tus naj npawb ntawm tua. Qhov siab tshaj tus nqi yog 8-10 pieces ib square Meter ntawm av.

Lwm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm ntau yam "Balsam" tsis pom, yog li nws yog haum rau cultivation los ntawm ob qho tag nrho paub thiab novice gardeners.

Kab tsuag, kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv

Zoo li ntau lwm yam, lub piav raspberry feem ntau suffers los ntawm xws li ib tug kab Kab Tsuag raws li raspberry beetle, uas tsis cia lub berries loj hlob thiab tsim feem ntau. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm nws, gardeners cias co tawm ib tug kab los ntawm ceg on ib zaj duab xis yas los yog siv khw insecticides. Tsis muaj tsawg dua kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm ua rau nplooj hlav thiab weevil florist. Weevil larvae qaub lub peduncle, gnawing nyob rau nws, vim ntawm cov buds poob, thiab sau yog significantly txo. Twb pupated neeg gnaw nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov crimson nplooj thiab mus rau underground rau lub caij ntuj no, thiab los mus tiv thaiv lawv cov kev ua si rau xyoo tom ntej, cov av nyob rau hauv lub bushes yuav tsum tau loosened, tov nrog snow.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau pruning thaum loj hlob raspberry cultivar "Balsam" yog ib ob lub tswvyim: nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, tag nrho cov tua raug txiav los ntawm 10-15 cm, thiab ib lub xyoo tom qab lub lateral growths raug txiav tawm ntawm tib deb.

Uas tsis lees paub qhov teeb meem ntawm gall midge yuav ua rau tuag ntawm tag nrho raspberry plantation. Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev qaug dej qaug tshuaj tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov nroj tsuag, txiav tawm qhov tua kab, thiab kho raspberries nrog 1% tov ntawm Bordeaux sib tov.

Lwm cov kab tsuag uas feem ntau pom ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov kua txiv aphid. Ntxiv rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag, cov kab no tuaj yeem hloov tau lawv cov kab mob kis kab mob ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm qhov teeb meem, gardeners siv tshwj xeeb insecticides tawm tsam aphids, thiab thaum twg lub ovary txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntxiv thiab kho lub bushes nrog infusions ntawm dandelion, haus luam yeeb, txiv kab ntxwv peels thiab iab wormwood. Raws li rau hom kab mob fungal, cov "Balsam" ntau yam muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau lawv thiab tsis yog cuam tshuam. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, standard fungicides yuav pab daws qhov teeb meem: piv txwv li, "Mikosan" lossis "Fundazol".

Xyuas seb cov kab mob dab tsi koj yuav ntsib thaum cog zaub raspberries.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus piav raspberry ntau yam yog ib qho zoo xaiv kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tus kheej lub cuab ntxhiab: cov nroj tsuag muaj unpretentious, resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab coj ib tug bountiful sau. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj nyiam heev qab zib berries, ces koj yuav tsum nrhiav lwm yam ntau yam, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no acidity tseem yuav tau hnov.

Yees duab: raspberry ntau yam "Balsam"

Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm lub network txog raspberry ntau yam "Balsam"

Lub shrub yog medium siab (tua qhov siab 1.7-1.8 m), ncaj-loj hlob, sib kis, srednesypovatovy, tua nruab nrab productivity. High lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab tawm txog li 2.2 kg ntawm berries los ntawm Bush. Medium tsuas yog berries 2.5 - 3 g, ruby-xim, truncated-conical, zoo Sweet-qaub saj. Cov berries yog zoo cais los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, siav amicably. Raspberry ntau yam yog nyuaj rau loj fungal kab mob, me ntsis puas los ntawm kab laug sab mites, resistant rau rotting ntawm bark thiab lub caij ntuj no desiccation ntawm stems.
Rostovchanka
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