Txog ntawm mosses thiab lichens, peb feem coob paub tsuas yog hais tias lawv yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab tseem uas raws li qhov twg cov moss loj hlob, koj tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub hav zoov yog tias koj tau poob. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus xws li briology los yog sphagnum yuav tsis to taub los ntawm tus neeg twg uas tsis yog kws kho mob biologist, florist lossis aquarist. Sau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev paub, vim nws yog qhov zoo heev!
Dab tsi yog mosses thiab qhov twg lawv tshwm sim
Mosses (ntau leej, ntxhuab zoo li) yog qhov sib faib ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas cog, sib txuas xws li hom, nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov gametophyte (kev sib deev tiam nrog ib txheej ntawm unpaired chromosomes) dominates tshaj sportophyte (asexual tiam).
Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm mosses yog bryophytes, li no lub npe ntawm seem botany uas tau kawm txog lawv - briology. Qhov yooj yim feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj txhu zoo li muaj rau chav kawm ntawm nplooj mosses.
Lub stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb, yog dotted nrog me me nplooj-outgrowths, thaum lub underground feem ntau muaj ntau ntev filamentous kev, lub thiaj li hu rhizoids. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom kab no muaj qhov sib thooj thiab sib txawv ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze hauv lub nceeg vaj.
Mosses, zoo li nceb thiab kab mob, muab ntau los ntawm spores. Nyob rau theem ntawm no thiab ntu asexual ntawm lawv qhov chaw voj voog, cov ntaub ntawv mossy sawv cev ib qho yooj yim tuaj (sporophyte) hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub thawv rau ntawm ceg, physiologically txog nws niam cog. 
Lub sportophyte ua tau ib qho kev ua haujlwm - nws saib xyuas qhov maturation ntawm lub spores, tom qab uas nws sai sai dries thiab tuag.
Kev sib deev cim briophyte - qhov thib ob theem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub neej - yog ib tsob nroj perennial (gametophyte), uas muaj kev zoo sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv paus thiab cov nplooj zoo li cov pom kev zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog ib qho zoo tib yam nkaus rau cov nroj tsuag nplooj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Mosses tsis muaj cov hauv paus hniav, tsis yog xim, los yog vascular kev coj ua hauv kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus no.
Vim yog tsis muaj lub hauv paus txoj hauv kev, mosses muaj kev vam khom tseem ceeb heev rau ntawm cov av ntawm huab cua, mus txog rau kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm arid. Sai li sai tau ntawm qhov dej noo noo, cov nroj tsuag tuaj rau lub neej. Nws tsis yooj yim xav txog qhov struts, qhov twg qhov twg yog qhov loj hlob tuaj.
Nyob rau hauv cov dejnum zoo, cov nroj tsuag no muaj peev xwm ceev cov cheeb tsam loj loj hauv hav zoov thiab cov vaj tse, khom ntawm av, ntoo, lwm yam nroj tsuag, pob zeb, xuab zeb, nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas muaj huab cua - ntawm Arctic mus rau tom hav zoov. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov dej qab ntsev xwb. 
Mosses tus nqi
Qhov nqi ntawm mosses nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub biosphere yog nyuaj rau overestimate. Txij thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej, cov neeg laus thaum ub cov laus, cov mosses thiab ferns ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj sia nyob tsis muaj zog, tsim kom muaj av npog rau lwm cov nroj tsuag, vim yog lawv lub neej ua haujlwm, thiab yog li ua ib tug "pioneer" hauv npav peb lub ntiaj teb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Mossy yog lub hauv paus ntawm ecosystems hauv wetland. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam arid, vim cov khoom zoo li ib daim txhuam cev, los ua ke thiab tswj cov dej loj, dej thickets kom tiv thaiv cov av ua ntej.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, bryophytes muaj peev xwm npog cov chaw loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, ua yeeb yam li lub ntuj ceeb tsheej rau cov tsiaj thiab noog. Nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm tundra thiab permafrost, lawv yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb uas tiv thaiv lub pob zeb hauv av dej khov, ua rau av pob zeb thiab cov av qeeg, pab txhawb kev txuag ntawm thaj av.
Yees duab: tus nqi ntawm mosses
Yog hais tias peb tham txog tus nqi ntawm mossy rau ib tug neeg, ces lawv daim ntawv thov yog heev ntau. Tshaj tawm los ntawm tej hom tsiaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag no siv tau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj raws li tonic, antiseptic thiab hemostatic cov neeg ua hauj lawm.
Centaury, yellowcone, txiv ntseej nyom, qhiav thiab pear kuj muaj cov nyhuv antiseptic.
Rau cov neeg nyob hauv Far Sab Qaum Teb, tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb, Moss yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev tiv thaiv ntawm tsev, thiab, hais tias, nyob rau hauv taiga yuav siv tau cov ntaub ntawv hnav rau kev kho mob.
Hniav hom tsiaj ntxhuav - ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov toj roob hauv pes thiab tsim cov paj ua paj. Thiab tsis tau, tag nrho cov saum toj no, peat yog siv nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej - natural deposits ntawm tuag sphagnum mosses.
Cov neeg laus, qus, yub, qoob, ntoo, roj, lilac, jasmine, jasmine, spirea, forsythia, rhododendrons, violets, daisies, lilies ntawm lub hav, roses, marigolds, irises thiab peonies feem ntau siv hauv landscape tsim.
Peat yog thov:- raws li roj hauv hwj chim;
- raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv rau cov av sib xyaw thiab cov chiv, zoo li mulch hauv kev ua vaj tse engineering thiab kev ua liaj ua teb;
- raws li ib tug tso on fur teb thiab poultry liaj teb;
- raws li lub ntsuas cua hauv kev tsim kho;
- nyob rau hauv metallurgy, tshuaj, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, ecology thiab ntau lwm yam lag luam.
Hav zoov mosses
Hav zoov - ib qho chaw zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm Moss. Ntawm no lawv tuaj yeem nrog cov ntoo, cov pob zeb, raws ntug dej ntawm cov kwj deg thiab pas dej, preferring qhov tsaus ntuj, cov chaw tsis zoo, feem ntau npog loj qhov chaw nrog cov ntaub pua plag.
Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv mus rau hauv chav kawm ntawm moss-bearing mosses, thiab, yog li ntawd, muaj ib tug soj caum, nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no-hauv av (saum toj no-dej) ib feem them nrog me me nplooj, thiab nyob rau hauv qis, tas li tuag ib feem, ua dej num los ntawm ntau outgrowths. Txawv hom ntawm mosses txawv tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab xim ntawm nplooj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntom thiab kev coj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm stalks. 
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv sov thiab cua txias mossy thickets yeej ib txwm muaj lush thiab muaj kua tsos, ua si nrog cov xim xws li bluish-ntsuab mus daj-xim av, uas tsim ib qho amazing tiag pom. Thaum tsis muaj dej noo, tag nrho cov no splendor sai sai, raws li yog hais tias them nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm hmoov av.
Feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hav zoov hav zoov muaj:
- Klimatsium.
- Mn
- Ptilium.
- Sphagnum
- Rodobrium
- Gilokomium.
Peb pom zoo kom nyeem txog yuav ua li cas nrog moss marching rau ntawm koj qhov chaw.
Tsob Ntoo
Qhov saum toj no-av ib qho ntawm cov kabmob yog ib daim ntawv luv luv (txog 15 centimeters), uas nce pem vau, ntau zaus ntawm kev tawm tswv yim ntau yam, thiab qhov tseeb zoo li ib tsob ntoo me me. 
Qhov "pob tw" thiab "ceg" ntawm tsob ntoo no muaj cov kab me me, uas, thaum qhuav, ua si qaim daj xiav ntxoov ntxoo.
Koj puas paub? Interestingly, mosses yuav sawv txawm tom qab ib lub qhov ntev ntev heev. Li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 2014, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom cov khov nab kuab nyob rau sab qab teb Ncej. Lawv lub hnub nyoog tau txiav txim siab hauv 1530 xyoo. Tom qab ib ob lossis peb lub lis piam siv nyob rau hauv incubator nrog haum tej yam kev mob, lub Moss pib loj hlob. Ntawm briologists qhov kev tshwm sim tau ntaus nqi raws li ib tug nov ntawm nqaij tawv.
Qhov qis (underground) ntawm lub qia yog creeping, dotted nrog nyuam qhuav hnov rhizoid threads. Ceg ntoo, nws ua ib hom ntawm lub network, nyob rau hauv lub pob hlav ntawm uas bushes ntawm saum toj no-av ib feem ntxiv. Sportogon cylindrical lub thawv nyob rau ntawm lub cev qis rau liab thiab muaj los ntawm 12 mus rau 15 spores.
Climacium tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntxim siab, ntub dej noo, ze cov swamps, dej, thiab ntawm ntug dej ntawm pas dej. 
Mnium
Nyob rau hauv lub npe no hides ib tug tseem genus ntawm Moss, suav ntau tshaj plaub caug hom.
Cov feem ntau cov tswv cuab ntawm no genus yog raws li nram no:
- midi, los yog ntses mnium;
- ntsws ntsws ntsws;
- peaked los yog hav zoov;
- Mnium yog qhov nruab nrab;
- point point;
- mnium zinclidea.
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov mnium yog qhov loj (txog li 5 hli) nplooj ntawm lub qe zoo, dawb nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau los ntawm ob tog ntawm ib sab, tsis tshaj tsib centimeters nyob ntev.
Koj puas paub? Tsab ntawv yog qhov tseeb tias cov hlwb nyob ntawm cov nplooj ntawm cov mnium tseem nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov ntawv muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tau tuab - tsuas yog ib lub xov tooj.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua, nplooj ntawm lub mnium yog cov tsis tshua muaj ntsws thiab zoo heev txo nyob rau hauv loj. Sportogon muaj ib lub thawv oval, dai ntawm daj liab-liab ceg, tsis pub ntev tshaj 3 centimeters. Ib lub thawv tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm 17 mus rau 30 spores (nyob ntawm ntau yam).
Mnium yog muab faib txhua qhov chaw, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hav zoov, preferring tib lub sij hawm densely cog Pine forests nrog moist av. Feem ntau nyob ntawm lub pob zeb thiab qub stumps, tsim ci ntsuab thickets.
Kawm ntxiv txog kev loj hlob netery (coral moss).
Ptilium
Nyob rau hauv lub Pine hav zoov thiab spruce hav zoov (yeej ib txwm nrog ib tug admixture ntawm Pine) koj yuav nrhiav tau ib qho ntawm feem ntau muaj kuab mossy noog - lub poulilium. Dua li ntawm nws txoj kev faib loj, nws yeej tsis ua ib daim npog rau hauv av, preferring los khom ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntoo, ua cov khub, tab sis tuab ntawm cov daj ntseg daj daj lossis daj-ntsuab nrog lub ntsej muag sheen. 
Ptilium muaj nruab nrab qhov siab stems (tau ncav 20 centimeters), los ntawm qhov uas ntau densely arranged ceg nrog nplooj tsiv mus nyob rau hauv rov qab cov lus qhia. Los ntawm lawv cov tsos, cov formations zoo li cov noog plaub los yog fern nplooj. Cov nplooj ntawm no Moss, tsis zoo li lub mnium, yog me me, nqaim (txog li 1 mm), taw, nrog ntau longitudinal folds.
Lub thawv spore yog cylindrical, me ntsis wrinkled, yuav luag txhua tus kab rov tav. Leg cegogon liab nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm 2 mus rau 5 centimeters nyob ntev. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov teeb meem hauv lub thawv yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 14 npaug.
Sphagnum
Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev ua hauj lwm hauv hav zoov. Cov no yog hav zoov thickets, thiab thaj av me me, thiab cov teb, thiab tej pob zeb tseem ceeb heev. Txawm li cas los, lub hav iav yog lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb, nws lub tshwj xeeb! Nws tau ua haujlwm rau xyoo lawm, thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob rau hauv lub caij txhiab xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm nthuav dav thiab ntes ntau dua tshiab.
Kuj ceeb tias, Moss txhawb rau qhov no. Ntau precisely, nws cov neeg sawv cev - sphagnidy. Sphagnum, nws tseem hu ua dawb los yog peat Moss - ib hom genus uas sib koom ua ke ntau tshaj plaub hom moss mosses, kev txiav txim siab txhim khu ntawm txhua yam uas yog ua tau tsuas yog hauv txoj kev kuaj xyuas me me xwb. 
Nws yog ib qho me me, bunched-puab branching soj caum, them nrog me me nplooj, teem nyob rau hauv ib tug spiral. Nroj tsuag xim nws txawv ntawm yellowish-ntsuab rau ntshav-liab (nyob ntawm ntau yam). Rhizoids tsis tuaj yeem sab hauv qis dua (hauv qab) ntawm qia.
Koj yuav ntshe yuav xav paub ntxiv txog dab tsi yog sphagnum moss, as Well as what healing properties nws muaj.
Sphagnum muaj ib co txheej txheem txawv txawv uas paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov paj ntoo zoo li cov nroj tsuag. Thawj feature yog hais tias lub sphagnum qia hlob tsuas yog upwards.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qis dua ntawm qia (feem ntau nyob hauv dej) tuag, tig mus rau peat, thaum txog tib tus nqi li saum toj zuj zus (li ntawm ib millimeter hauv ib xyoos twg). Xws li ib txoj hauv kev muaj peev xwm ua rau lub neej muaj noob nyoog ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo (rau kev siv: lwm mosses nyob tsis pub dhau 10 xyoo).
Koj puas paub? Vitmoor hav iav (Lub teb chaws Yelemees) muaj ib qho peat txheej txog 18 meters sib sib zog nqus, thiab nws lub hnub nyoog yog li 2,000 xyoo.
Tus tom ntej feature ntawm sphagnids yog tias lawv ua ke synthesize acids uas tiv thaiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, uas ho slows down lub dab ntawm lwj hauv swamps, thiab txhawb nqa tus tsim ntawm peat. Lub cheeb tsam acidic, ntxiv rau, inhibits competitors thiab tso cai rau koj mus ntes tshiab chaw nyob.
Lwm cov khoom ntawm sphagnum yog qhov peev xwm nqus tau thiab khaws dej vim muaj cov qe tshwj xeeb nrog lub qhov dej khov. Thaum lub sij hawm ntev ntawm high humidity, qhov Moss no muaj peev xwm mus dhia loj npaum li cas ntawm cov kua, uas kuj ua rau ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv dej tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab qaug dab peg ntawm thaj tsam tshiab.
Rodobrium
Rodobriy, los yog rotobrium rosette zoo li - lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nplooj mosses, uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov uas muaj kuab (tsuas yog ntoo). Yog hais tias lub coniferous litter yog zoo moistened, lub rhodobrium yog pom nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm me me bundles ntawm tsaus ntsuab xim - rosettes ntawm nplooj, me ntsis tsa saum toj no hauv av, txhua tus nyob rau nws soj caum. 
Ib tug tsuas soj, li 10 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, muaj peev xwm muaj branching tua ob nyob rau hauv lub Upper (apical) thiab nyob rau hauv qis (underground) qhov chaw. Apical yub feem ntau loj hlob los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab, lub qia no them rau ib yam dab tsi rhizoid.
Rhodobrium nplooj muaj ib qho ovoid-elongated duab, ncav 10 hli nyob ntev, me ntsis curled, thiab los ze zog mus rau sab saum toj - taw. Ntawm 15 mus rau 20 nplooj tuaj yeem ntim tau hauv txhua pob khoom. Yoojyim ntawm qhov loj no yog suav theej loj nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov nplooj mosses.
Yog hais tias koj saib ntawm lub qhov muag tsev ntawm lub sab nraud, koj tuaj yeem nco qhov nws zoo sib xws nrog xibtes ntoo. Cov thawv ntawv nce siab saum lub qhov rooj ntawm liab liab cov ceg, yog oblong nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm mus txog 18 spores.
Hom kab no feem ntau nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam taiga ntawm latitudes nruab nrab sab hnub tuaj, tsawg dua nyob rau sab qaum teb. Teev hauv Phau Ntawv Loj. 
Gilokomium
Cov yaj no yog qhov ntau heev. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv coniferous hav zoov, thiab feem ntau nws ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub Moss cover ntawm hav zoov xau. Ntxiv rau sab qaum teb thaj tsam, ntau ntawm nws nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm permafrost thiab deserts ntawm Arctic.
Koj puas paub? Tug hauj monks tsim tau tag nrho lub vaj teb ntawm mosses, qhov nto moo tshaj plaws uas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze Kyoto thiab tau teev tseg raws li UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Cov kab mob gilokomium muaj ntau hom qaum mus txog 20 centimeters, feem ntau yog liab. Txhua tus tshiab arc sib haum mus rau lub xyoo tom ntej ntawm kev cog kev loj hlob thiab nteg li hauv qab ntawm xyoo tas los no.
Tsim qia arc ntseeg tau branched nyob rau hauv peb los yog plaub qhov chaw, sib sau ua ib qho nyuaj oblique-ascending qauv. Lub soj caum thiab nws cov ramifications yog densely dotted nrog nplooj, uas yog me me ntsuab teev uas nyuaj mus ntsib nrog lub qhov muag vim lawv loj. 
Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav sporonosit gilokomium. Sportogon yog tsim nyob rau saum toj kawg ntawm tus soj caum li saum toj no cov tub ntxhais hluas ntsuab tua. Lub boxog thawv, me ntsis curved, qe-puab, nyob rau ntawm ib qho kev muag khoom tsawg reddish ntawm 12 mus rau 17 spores.
Yog li, mosses yog ib tug ywj siab kiag li thiab xav tsis thoob nyob rau hauv nws muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb dav dav ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau muab tag nrho nws lub neej, thiab tseem muaj ntau yam secrets nyob tsis sib haum.
Ib qho yuav hais tau tseeb nrog: Yog tias tsis muaj mosses, peb ntiaj chaw yuav txawv kiag li, vim hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau biological kev, thiab txawm tias peb civilized neej practically tsis ua lawv.
Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub network
