Nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib lub tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib xyuas kev rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev, tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus paus, kom lub tsev nyob yav tom ntej zoo li sov thiab pheej yig li lub sijhawm cua sov. Niaj hnub no peb yuav saib txhua yam ntawm kev ua rau kev thev tus hauv qab daus ntawm ib lub tsev sab nraud, thiab kuj pom tias lub rwb thaiv tsev zoo dua rau qhov laj thawj no.
Cov ntaub ntawv xaiv
Ua ntej pib txheej txheem cua sov hauv plag tsev, nws tsim nyog xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog. Muaj ntau cov rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis cov nrov tshaj plaws tawg emitting polystyrene, npuas dej thiab ua npuas dej. Xav seb lawv txawv li cas thiab qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua.
Koj puas paub? Penoplex tau tsim nyob rau hauv teb chaws USA thaum xyoo 1941, tab sis nyob rau hauv thaj chaw Sov siab tom qab nws tau pib siv los ua lub rhaub dej hauv lub lig 90 xyoo.
Polystyrene
Qhov rwb thaiv tsev no yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub zoo. Nws tseem hu ua npuas yas los yog cov yas npuas npau yas txhuas. Muaj ob peb hom polystyrene - extruded thiab foamed. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv sib txawv ntawm kev siv technology thiab kev zoo.
Cov kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam yuav siv cov extruded polystyrene. 
Nws nqi ntau dua li foamed, tab sis muaj ntau yam zoo:
- tsawg kub hloov coefficient;
- lub zog;
- kev phooj ywg zoo;
- tsis kam mus noo;
- durability
Nws yuav pab tau rau koj nyeem txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib lub vov thiab mansard ru tsev, thiab yuav ua li cas ru tsev lub ru tsev nrog ondulin thiab cov hlau phaj.
Qhov zoo ntawm polystyrene, piv nrog lwm hom rwb thaiv tsev, yog:
- txo nqi;
- cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas tsis nqus thiab tsis pub ya raws, uas yog qhov tseem fwv qhov tseeb ntawm cov paib tsawg tsawg;
- kev ua haujlwm ntev;
- preservation of heat-insulating zog txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
- "inedibility" rau cov nas;
- simplicity ntawm installation ntawm insulating designs.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov polystyrene muaj xws li:- kev muaj peev xwm tso tawm cov teeb meem tshuaj phem heev thaum muaj hluav taws;
- vapor permeability, vim yog pwm thiab fungus tuaj yeem tsim, cov khoom siv puas tsuaj thiab cuam tshuam nrog rau kev nyab xeeb sab hauv tsev.
Koj puas paub? Polyfoam tau tsim los ntawm tus kws muag tshuaj German Edward Simon hauv 1839. Tab sis nquag siv rau ntawm ib qho kev lag luam, nws pib tsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XX.
Penoplex
Penoplex - lub txheej txheem tshiab hnyav uas zoo heev ntawm cov hluav taws xob tuav. Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm penoplex high pressure thiab kub yog thov, uas cuam tshuam rau cov granules ntawm cov khoom, lawv inflated thiab tau sau nrog huab cua. 
Cov khoom siv yog ua los ntawm tus qauv dej khov, uas muaj tib lub hlwb me me, uas tso cai rau koj khaws hluav taws kub zoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm Penoplex muaj xws li:
- kev ua haujlwm ntev;
- thermal conductivity tsawg;
- tsawg heev noo noo permeability;
- compressive zog;
- simplicity thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua thiab kev txhim kho;
- kev phooj ywg zoo;
- tshuaj lom neeg tsawg;
- qhov siab tshaj plaws, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb rau qhov rotting thiab decomposition ntawm cov khoom.
Peb qhia koj kom paub txog yuav ua li cas ua kom laj kab ntawm cov vuas, cov cib, cov laj kab tos kab, txoj hlua txuas txuas thiab lub laj kab ntoo uas muaj cov ntoo.
Txawm tias muaj ntau txoj kev zoo ntawm Penoplex, nws muaj ib qho teeb meem loj - qhov peev xwm yuav yaj thiab zes yog tias cov cua txias tsis ua raws li kev pom zoo. 
Ua npuas yas
Polyfoam yog ib qho khoom siv tshwj xeeb ua npuas ncauj, cov xim uas yog 98% cua. Polyfoam yog cov cim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob zoo hauv cov hluav taws xob, yog li ntawd, nws tau siv yav tom ntej siv rau kev rwb thaiv tsev.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv ua npuas ncauj rau rwb thaiv tsev muaj xws li:
- khoom pheej yig;
- durability;
- thermal conductivity tsawg;
- simplicity hauv kev ua thiab kev teeb tsa;
- kev kub ceev ua haujlwm.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov npuas dej muaj xws li:
- tawg taus;
- qhov xav tau ntxiv qhov cua;
- muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo;
- tso cov tshuaj lom neeg thaum lub sij hawm sib tua;
- propensity kom khov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm loj heev frosts thiab tau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ncaj qha tshav ntuj rau cov khoom.
Khawb lub hauv paus puag ncig lub perimeter
Ua ntej pib taug kev mus rau qhov chaw hauv qab daus ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum khawb tawm lub hauv paus mus rau hauv av. Rau qhov no, lub trench yog tau dug ncig lub perimeter. Qhov dav qhov siab dav yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 1 meter.
Yog tias ib lub tsev tshiab raug kho, txoj kev ua haujlwm tau yooj yim dua, vim tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau khawb hauv lub hauv paus - nws txoj kev tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tsim kho.
Kev npaj deg
Ntawd yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yog nyob rau hauv av, thiab lub tsho uas tau siab tshaj hauv av, raug ntxuav ntawm cov av thiab cov pob zeb. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj tsuag lossis tshuab siab siab. Yog tias koj tsis muaj cov khoom siv li no, koj tuaj yeem siv txhuam txhuam thiab taug kev mus kom thoob plaws ntu, ua tib zoo ntxuav lub hauv paus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum siv dej los ntxuav lub hauv paus, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau qhuav rau saum npoo, ua li no, muab ncua kev ua haujlwm rau ob peb hnub.
Ua kua
Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub hauv av tuaj ze ntawm cov av, nws yuav tsum ntws. Rau qhov no, lub qab ntawm lub trench yog them nrog xuab zeb, thiab geotextiles yog pw on to top, tshaj li uas ib tug txheej ntawm gravel yog poured.
Peb pom zoo kom nyeem ntawv txog qhov yuav ua li cas rau cov hnab ntawv sib txawv, yuav ua li cas thiaj li thim tau lub thawv rau lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas thiaj tshem tau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov phab ntsa, .
Nyob rau hauv cov gravel yog muab tso rau ib txoj yas yeeb nkab, qhov kawg ntawm qhov uas yuav tsum raug coj mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom. Lub yeeb nkab yog qhwv nrog geotextile thiab them nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm xuab zeb thiab gravel.
Plaster puag txheej nrog primer
Lub phab ntsa hauv qab daus ntawm phab ntsa hauv qab daus yog coated nrog ib tug primer-based primer. Qhov cuab yeej no yuav tso cai rau tag nrho cov kab nrib pleev thiab qhov pores uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab muab kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua ntawm cov dej tsis huv mus rau lub hauv paus. 
Tso nws tus kheej ua zoo nkauj ua kom tsis muaj zog
Ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yog xav tau los tiv thaiv kom txhob ya raws ntawm nkag mus rau hauv cov pob zeb. Polyurea yuav siv tau raws li ib cov khoom siv waterproofing - nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv kua, uas ua rau ib tug nyias thiab ruaj elastic membrane.
Thaum tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm daim nyias nyias, kev tiv thaiv dej ntws li no yuav kav ntev dua 30 xyoo. Yog hais tias tus zaj duab xis yog puas, qhov chaw no yog kho nrog ib tug me me ntawm polymer - tom qab hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj site yuav tsis cuam tshuam cov solidity ntawm txheej.
Nws kuj yog feem ntau tias kua roj hmab yog siv los ua cov khoom siv waterproofing - nws yog characterized los ntawm lub neej luv luv dua polyurea, tab sis raug nqi tsawg dua. Xws li lub cuab tam tau muas twb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tiav. Kev siv, nws tsuas tov thiab thov kom nto nrog lub tshuab raj.
Yees duab: lub hauv paus waterproofing
Raws li ib qho kev hloov mus ua kua dej tsis zoo, siv cov khoom siv hla hiav txwv bitumen; nws txuas nrog lub cua sov, cua sov cov khoom kom txog 50 ° C, thiab siv rau lub hauv paus. Yuav kom nplua xws li cov khoom yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia los ntawm lub qab li.
Nws tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv, "TECHNONICOL") uas tsis tas yuav tsum siv cov kev kub ntxhov. Tom qab thov lub bitumen primer mus rau saum npoo thiab tshem tawm cov kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog nias rau saum npoo thiab adhere rau nws. Lub ntug ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev yog tsau nrog ib lub tsheb ciav hlau tshwj xeeb.
Kho cov ntawv txheeb ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Ua ntej yuav pib sov lub hauv paus, nws tseem ceeb kom kos nrog kev pab ntawm theem ntawm kab hauv qab uas cov ntawv yuav txuas nrog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm pib ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus.
Kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab ntsug ntev ntev, koj tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv txhawm rau hauv cov qauv checkerboard. Pib, lub rwb thaiv tsev yog muab tso rau sab qis ntawm lub hauv paus, ces tus so ntawm cov kab yuav raug muab siab ntxiv. 
Rau kho siv ib lub kua nplaum tshwj xeeb, uas yog siv rau ntawm ntug thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv. Tom qab siv lub nplaum, koj yuav tsum tau tos ib feeb thiab npaj mus ua cov ntawv txhawm rau lub hauv paus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav tsum tsis muaj kev pom ntawm cov organic hnyav hauv lub nplaum, uas muaj peev xwm muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev.
Ua li no, lawv zoo nias rau saum npoo thiab tsau rau nws li ob peb feeb. Kev ziab ntawm cov kua nplaum mas maj mam tshwm sim, yog tias koj pom kev yuam kev los sis tsis muaj teebmeem, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho nws los ntawm qhov yooj yim xa cov nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov siab.
Yog tias koj xav muab lwm txheej txheej thaiv, nws muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev kuaj checkerboard kom lub hau sab nrauv overlaps lub seam ntawm qis txheej - qhov no yuav ua rau kom zoo dua thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Tshaj li txheej saum toj tsis txawv hauv kev siv tshuab los ntawm kev ntim cov txheej hauv qab.
Dowel
Qhov no yog qhov ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yuav muaj qis dua hauv av, tsis tas yuav tsum sib txuas ntxiv - tom qab ua tiav qhov kev npaj ua haujlwm, nws tsuas yog npog nrog lub ntiaj teb. Qhov uas tsis yog hmoov yuav tsum txuas nrog cov vaj tse tshwj xeeb. 
Lawv yog ib lub dav yas perforated cap, vim tias cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum nruj nreem tiv thaiv phab ntsa. Mus muab cov hlua hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev, qhov sib tsho yog siv rau hauv ib txoj kev uas lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov pob zeb los ntawm 4 cm, tom qab uas lawv ntsaws rau hauv lub dowels.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov loj ntawm lub hauv npuaj yog xaiv nyob rau hauv raws li cov thickness thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Sealing khoob
Thaum lub installation ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog tag nrho ua tiav, lub seams yuav tsum tau kho rau zoo dua rwb thaiv tsev ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Ua li no, siv ib qho kev siv bituminous los yog cov pa ua ke nthuav dav.
Cov txheej txheem sealing seams yog yooj yim heev thiab muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua txoj kev xaiv txhais ntawm lub pob zeb hauv seem ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Yog hais tias siv lub bituminous compound, lawv sau cov qhov qhwv dej tawm. Thaum siv cov ua npuas dej, tom qab nws qhuav tas lawm, tag nrho cov kev tsis zoo yog cov yaug dej tawm. 
Trenching
Tom qab kaw cov khoob khoob, koj tuaj yeem pib rov qab qhov kev sib tsoo. Rau lub hom phiaj no, coarse qhuav xuab zeb yog siv, nrog rau hauv qab txheej ntawm lub trench yog poured. Tom qab ntawd, gravel tov nrog xuab zeb yog poured tshaj lub xuab zeb. Lub thawv ntub dej yuav yog qhov zoo rau cov cua sov.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev txhim kho qhov rooj, qhov yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau lub plasterboard faib nrog qhov rooj, yuav ua li cas sheathe phab ntsa nrog plasterboard, yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau paths ntawm sawn ntoo thiab pob zeb, yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub pas dej, da dej thiab veranda tsev.
Plastering
Yuav tiv thaiv lub rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov dej noo, uas yog tas li nyob rau hauv av, reinforcing fiberglass mesh yog tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab plastered nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm daws rau txheej waterproofing.
Yees duab: hauv qab daus (hauv qab daus) sab nraud nrog lawv tus kheej tes
Ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw dig muag
Los ua cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw dig muag. Nws yuav ua tau los ntawm 70 cm mus rau 2 m thiab nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov av. Yog hais tias lub trench twb them nrog cov xuab zeb thiab gravel, nws yog qhov pom zoo kom ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom 1 m dav hlau.
Peb qhia koj kom nyeem txog kev yuav ua li cas rau qhov chaw dig muag hauv tsev nrog koj txhais tes.
Ib tug sib tov ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb yuav tsum tau sib npaug li ntau li ntau tau nrog ib tug rake, siv ib theem kom lub formwork yog theem. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv dav dav xaiv los ntawm koj, nrog tag nrho perimeter ntawm lub hauv paus, pegs hammered rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv, ca ntoo planks yog mounted rau ntawm ntug thiab fastened ua ke, yog li ntawd ib tug khoob ncej yog tau.
Tom qab lub thawv ua, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav ua kom cov pob qij txha tawm kom tiv thaiv kev ntes ntawm cov pob zeb tsis sov. Rau qhov no, lub khwb ntawm 2 cm nyob rau hauv tuab yog tsim nyog - lawv muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ib qho kev sib tshuam rau lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv thawv, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog txog 2 m. 
Nyob hauv cov ces kaum ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov kab txuas nruab nrab ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau lub ces kaum ntawm cov formwork. Xav txog tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw dig muag yog tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ntawm cov dej thaum lub sij hawm rains thiab snowfalls, nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog txoj kab nqes, vim lub Rooj Tswj Tsav Xwm no tau muab nruab rau ntawm qhov chaw me me los ntawm lub tsev mus rau ntawm ntug kev.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau kev siv txoj hlua khi ntawm tus kheej kom zoo ces nws yoojyim coj lawv tawm.
Nws raug pom zoo kom hla ntawm 2% mus rau 10%; tus nqi pom zoo yog 5%. Vim qhov sib txawv no, cov dej yuav khiav ceev nrooj ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Ua ntej xa daim ntawv cog lus sab nraud rau daim ntawv thaij duab, xyuas kom lawv muaj tib lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kev siv theem.
Thaum lub thawv daim qauv ntawv npaj txhij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv dej thiab cov khoom thaiv, nrog rau kev siv lub pob zeb, qhov loj ntawm lub cell uas yuav tsum yog 10 10 cm.
Yees duab: dig muag thaj ncig lub tsev nrog lawv tus kheej tes
Qhob Txhuam
Tom qab tag nrho cov kauj ruam rau kev npaj daim formwork tiav lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib ntim cov pob zeb. Nws tuaj yeem tau yuav ntawm ib qhob cog lossis hauv khw tshwj xeeb. Nco ntsoov xyuas kom nws zoo siab.
Yog tias koj npaj txuag thiab tsim koj tus kheej, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum siv cov cement (1 feem), xuab zeb (2 qhov chaw) thiab pob zeb qab zib (3 qhov chaw):
- Pib, me ntsis dej thiab xis mas ntxiv rau cov khoom tov kom tau cov kua dej ntau.
- Tom qab ntawd ib me ntsis rubble yog poured.
- Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yog tov rau 3 feeb.
- Thaum kawg theem, xuab zeb yog ntxiv rau lub tov khoom.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Mus rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm qhob muaj peev xwm cia li pib ntawm nws tus kheej tsuas yog tias koj tau ua yav dhau los no, vim tias muaj lub tshuab ua kom meej thiab ntau lub luag hauj lwm uas, yog tias tsis ua raws, cov pob zeb yuav tawg thiab tsis kav ntev.
Feem ntau, cov laug cam haujlwm tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv ua ke, tab sis nws tseem nco qab tias tsob ntoo tau sai sai tau nqus dej noo thiab nthuav tawm, thiab ua kom qhuav tom qab ziab, uas ua rau tawg ntawm qhov chaw dig muag.
Yog li ntawd, tom qab lub pob zeb tau raug nchuav rau hauv thiab tsis tau tag nrho, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov nyiaj pab thim ntawv thiab tos kom daws tau kom qhuav. Tom qab cov pob zeb qhuav lawm, cov kab noj hniav sab laug ntawm cov laug cam yuav ntim nrog mastic lossis kua roj hmab.
Saum toj ntawm lub tiav paving tom qab tag nrho cov ziab ntawm pob zeb thiab mastic pob zeb yog pw los yog lwm yam khoom - nyob ntawm seb tus kheej nyiam.
Lub Tuam Tsev Kawm tiav
Tom qab lub plaster yog qhuav qhuav, koj tuaj yeem pib kom tiav lub hauv paus. Ua li no, siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb artificial los yog pobzeb. Koj tuaj yeem txwv kev nrag nrog bitumen los yog cov xim pleev xim.
Yees duab: ua koj tus kheej trim
Yog li, qhov ua kom sov ntawm qab daus nrog koj tus kheej tes yog qhov ua haujlwm zoo thiab nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom thiab soj ntsuam cov hauj lwm ua ke, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo uas yuav ua rau lub tsev sov so thiab sov so ntev.
Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub network
