Feem ntau cov yuav tau hnov tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pecan yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, yog li ntawd qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tsob ntoo yuav cog rau hauv koj lub caij ntuj sov tsev, thiab txawm sau cov qoob loo ntau, yuav zoo siab ntau. Tam sim ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias koj yuav tsum tau npaj tawm ntawm lub zog thiab kev ua siab ntev, txij li cog thiab kev tu cov txiv ntseej tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Cia saib txhua yam hauv kev txiav txim.
Botanical piav qhia
Qhov no nroj tsuag belongs rau genus Hickory thiab Walnut tsev neeg. Nws qhov siab siab tshaj 60 m. Tsob ntoo muaj lub thoob tsho tshaj plaws, nws lub hle nws ncav 40 m. 
Ncau ceg yog xim av, pib muaj pubescence, ces ua tus du. On lawv yog cov loj, glossy nplooj ntawm ci ntsuab xim.
Pecan paj yuav ua tau txiv neej los yog poj niam, thiab cov pollination txheej txheem yuav siv qhov chaw nrog kev pab ntawm cua thiab kab. Lub sij hawm flowering tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis - Lub Rau Hli, tab sis yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb pib rau lub Rau Hli thiab xaus rau Lub Xya Hli.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub pecan qhov nruab nrab kev ua neej yog li 400 xyoo.
Kis
Qaum Teb Asmeskas yog qhov chaw yug ntawm pecan. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States southeastern thiab nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm pom nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan thiab Caucasus. Tsawg heev, tab sis tseem koj tuaj yeem pom lawv ntawm Crimean ceg teb chaws.
Qhov txawv ntawm pecans thiab walnuts
Cov nroj tsuag no muaj ntau heev, thiab thaum pom thawj zaug nws kuj tseem zoo li tias lawv zoo tib yam, tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Walnuts tsis raws li capricious li pecans, tsis tas yuav tu thiab kev coj cwj pwm tom qab cog.
Txawm tias zoo li qhov zoo sib xws, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj txawv saj, pecan yog sweeter ntau thiab ntau dua kev sib tw hauv kev ntxhib los mos, thiab rau qhov no ntau ntau txaus siab rau hauv kev ua noj. 
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Walnut thiab pecan (los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis)
Koj puas paub? Kev niaj zaus siv ntawm lub txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo no tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev, thiab kuj yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv plawv thiab oncological formations.
Lawv kuj muaj koob npe nrov rau cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog. Pecan ceev yog cov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, lawv saib zoo huv si thiab tsis muaj cov streaks, thiab lawv kuj muaj ib cov tawv nqaij softer. Qhov txawv ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, walnuts yog 3-4 npaug dua li lawv cov txheeb ze teb chaws.
Pecan Cultivation
Muaj ntau tshaj 150 pecan ntau yam, ntawm cov uas tsuas yog ob peb leeg uas tsim nyog rau cog rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia, uas yog Green River, Stewart, Indiana, Kawm Zoo, Ntau Yam thiab Hom Tshuaj. 
Yuav kom ua tiav thiab tau txais cov qoob loo, koj yuav tsum tau tshawb txog qee qhov nta thiab cov nyiam ntawm cov nroj tsuag no.
Nyeem kuj txog kev loj hlob: cashew, walnut, Manchu, dub thiab grey walnut.
Kev xaiv qhov chaw thiab teeb pom kev zoo
Rau tsob ntoo no koj yuav tsum xaiv lub teeb thiab lub hnub lub me ntsis ces kaum hauv koj lub vaj. Nws yog ntshaw tias nws tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cua thiab cov ntawv tsim.
Ntawm chav kawm, nrog thaj chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb me ntsis, nyob rau hauv uas muaj sov los yog kub lub caij ntuj sov, yog qhov muaj feem thib rau cog, tab sis gardeners kev paub hais tias txawm tias ib lub luv cua sov rau 2-3 lub hlis ntau tshaj li txaus rau lub txiv ntoo kom loj hlob zoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txhawm rau pecans yuav tsum fruitful tsis tu ncua thiab ntau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cog yam tsawg kawg yog ob tug xws li cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab.
Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw cog, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias tsob ntoo hlob mus rau ib qho loj me me, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ntau qhov chaw.
Av thiab cov substrate
Pecans yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv ib lub zoo-drained, fertile av. Yog hais tias cov av yog tsis txaus noj, qhov yuav zoo ntawm ntse loj hlob no nroj tsuag yog txo mus rau zero. 
Kws txawj pom zoo kom npaj ib qho chaw rau cog ua ntej thiab saturate cov av nrog compost thiab humus yam tsawg kawg yog rau lub hlis ua ntej lub npaj cog.
Peb qhia koj txog kev npaj cov nplooj lwg nrog koj txhais tes thiab hauv hnab khib nyiab, yuav ua li cas tsim ib lub pob zeb hauv av, thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj txhim kho av av.
Cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav acidic, thiab yog hais tias muaj ib qho teeb meem nrog acid acidity ntawm cov av, nws yuav ua tau yooj yim kho nrog txiv qaub.
Cog thiab yug me nyuam
Pecan yog bred nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: noob, seedlings thiab grafting.
Noob tawm pecan txiv hmab txiv ntooCov uas poob rau hauv av tau sau thiab cog qoob loo tam sim ntawd, uas yog, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, los yog lawv tawm ntawm cov khoom cog kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nyoog yog xav tau ntau yam dej siab, txij li thaum lub caij ntuj no cov noob yog absorbed nyob rau hauv cov av, thiab tua tshwm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. 
Yuav kom cog pecans nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, nws yog txaus cia li mus khawb qhov 10-15 cm tob, tso lub cog cov khoom muaj, npog nws nrog av, dej zoo thiab muab mulch on to top. Twb tau nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav koj yuav pom tau cov qoob loo ntawm cov ntoo yav tom ntej.
Peb pom zoo kom koj nyeem seb yog vim li cas koj xav tau av mulching.
Tsaws rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav muaj ntau txoj haujlwm npaj. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum npaj cov noob lawv tus kheej. Lawv pom zoo kom ntub dej rau 48 xuab moos hauv dej, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog ntub sawdust thiab khaws cia hauv ib chav txias rau 40-60 hnub.
Raws li lub sawdust dries, watering yuav tsum tau ua. 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej cog, lub khob ntim rau hauv chav tsev sov. Cog cov noob cog hauv lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj - thaum ntxov May. Nws yog tsim nyog los npaj lub av rau cog, rau no Autumn nws yog ntshaw ntxiv compost rau nws.
Yees duab: Pecan Seed Stratification Kev paub gardeners pom zoo kom cog 10-15 neeg rau ib zaug, raws li cov seedlings yuav tsim tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lawv.
Thaum cog cov noob, pecans pib sau tsis ntxov tshaj 10 xyoo tom qab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pecans loj hlob heev maj mam, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau hloov cov seedlings mus rau ib qho chaw mus tas li tsis dhau tom qab 3 xyoos.
Yog tias koj tsis xav siv ntau lub sij hawm thiab ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem hlob tuaj, nws yuav tsim nyog lwm txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam - yuav seedlings. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum yog qhov zoo, thiab yuav tsum tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias seedling yuav tsum muaj ib lub hauv paus muaj zog, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 xyoos.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo xws li qhov tseeb tias pecan keeb kwm yog heev yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj, thiab slightest yuam kev nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov yuav ua rau tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Ua ntej cog seedlings, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov pits nrog ib tug tob ntawm 50-60 cm, ua tib zoo muab cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lawv, ncaj lub keeb kwm, thiab ces maj sau nws nrog av thiab dej nws ntau. Qhov kawg theem ntawm cog yog mulching pristvolnoy vajvoog foliage, sawdust, Pine koob los yog humus.
Seedlings yog cog nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 15-20 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam. 
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo xws li qhov tseeb tias pecan keeb kwm yog heev yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj, thiab slightest yuam kev nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov yuav ua rau tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Tsis tas li ntawd, rau propagation ntawm no tsob ntoo, ib tug siv tshuaj., tab sis qhov no yuav tsum muaj Tshuag, namely dawb pecan. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov nroj tsuag pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab 4-5 xyoos.
Koj puas paub? Qub pecan ntoo muaj peev xwm tsim tau 200-250 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib xyoos ib zaug.
Dej thiab noo noo
Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem dej huv, cov xim tshwj xeeb yuav tsum them rau cov av noo noo hauv cov huab cua kub. Qhov no tsis txhais tau hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab nchuav, lub stagnation ntawm noo noo yog li teeb meem rau cov nroj tsuag raws li lub ntuj qhuav heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntws cov av zoo ua ntej cog.
Pruning thiab hnav khaub ncaws
Pecan xav tau kev tu ncua ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov yas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog. Rau qhov no, sanitary pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas muaj xws li tshem tawm ntawm qhuav, tawg thiab frozen ceg.
Fertilize cov nuts ob zaug ib lub caij, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj, cov tshuaj nitrogen yog siv, thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg - potash thiab phosphate. 
Cov ntoo uas twb muaj tshaj 15 xyoos lawm yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kev poob siab, xws li, potash ntsev, ntsev thiab superphosphate yog tsim rau lawv.
Lub caij ntuj no
Muab hais tias muaj ib tug loj xaiv ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo, qhov kev xaiv rau cog nyob rau hauv peb latitudes yuav tsum tau muab rau Frost-resistant. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau them nrog spruce nplooj los yog polyethylene rau thawj 3 xyoos tom qab cog rau thiaj li tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog los ntawm Frost, tab sis kuj los ntawm hnyav maj.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb hais tias cov nroj tsuag yog txawv thiab heev capricious nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, nws yog ib qhov tsis yog mus rau pests thiab kab mob. Tib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim tau yog ib hom fungus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj pecans tshwm nyob rau hauv Sochi, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ib qho yeeb ncuab ntawm cov ntoo twb cog muaj. Ib me ntsis tom qab lawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Adler, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw.
Fungal pwm tshwm sim vim yog lub sij hawm ntev los yog tsis muaj lub hnub. Kev sib ntaus cov kab mob tsis yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyuaj: nws yog pub siv tshuaj, nrog rau ntau yam kev pab neeg, piv txwv li, kev daws kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog dej qab zib.
Harvesting thiab cia ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov kua txiv qhuav tom qab lawv pib poob. Ib sij poob ceev yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau sau tam sim ntawd, tsis txhob ncua sijhawm mus txog rau yav tom ntej, raws li cov noog thiab tsiaj txhu noj tau lawv. 
Tom qab sau lub neeg rau, koj yuav tsum tau decompose nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab qhuav kom zoo rau 5-10 hnub.
Ces pecans yuav khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub freezer ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub plhaub, qhov no yuav khaws cia cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 2 xyoos. Koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees thiab peeled neeg rau, tsuas yog xav tau xav txog tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab ntau dua, tsuas yog 6 lub hlis.
Ceev - ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tshawb xyuas seb yog dab tsi pab tau: walnuts rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam, Brazil ntse, Manchurian ceev, ntoo thuv, cashews, hazelnuts, almonds, txiv laum huab xeeb, pistachios, dub txiv ntseej, macadamia ceev thiab nutmegs.
Unpeeled thiab peeled ceev yuav khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees los yog cellar. Nyob hauv lub plhaub, lawv yuav khaws lawv cov txiaj ntsig thaum lub xyoo, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yog refined 2 lub hlis tom ntej, vim hais tias tom qab lub sijhawm no, lawv yuav poob lawv cov khoom siv.
Tam sim no koj paub tias yog koj ua ib qho me ntsis kev siv zog, cov ntoo zoo nkauj no nrog cov cua thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem cog noob hauv lawv lub teb chaws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom ua siab ntev thiab ua raws li txoj kev no, thiab txhua yam yeej yuav ua haujlwm tawm.
