Muaj ntau ntau yam hauv lub ntiaj teb uas peb tsis paub txog, txawm tias lawv yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom. Hauv qhov no, peb yuav tsom mus rau txoj kev zais gum, uas feem ntau yuav nrhiav tau nyob hauv lub npe "E 412". Cia peb kawm seb nws yog dab tsi, yam khoom thiab nta khoom noj khoom haus no muaj ntau npaum li cas.
Qhov pos hniav yog dab tsi?
Additive E 412 muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov thickeners, ua ib qho emulsifier thiab ib tus stabilizer. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv, nws yog xim dawb los sis me ntsis yellowish hmoov, ua cim los ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntxhiab. 
Ua txhua yam khoom ntawm polysaccharides, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg ntawm ib yam khoom, ces nws yog qhov yooj yim txhom nws zoo sib xws nrog ib qho zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntoo hauv carob (hauv International Classification of Food Additives li E 410).
Cov pos hniav yog ib lub tshuab nrog polymer nrog seem seem ntawm galactose, thiab guaran yog heev tsis ywj thiab elastic. Vim qhov no, lub additive yog suav hais tias yog ib qho zoo heev emulsifier thiab yog heev resistant rau cyclic khov thiab thawing.
Koj puas paub? Tsom ntoo thaib yog pom zoo raws li cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov khoom ntawm ntuj tsim xyoo 1907. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau raug tsim kom haum rau tib neeg kev noj haus los ntawm ob qho tib si loj nyuj thiab txiv neej, tab sis qhov no nroj tsuag tau raug cultivated nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan rau ib-paus xyoo.
Tau Guar Gum
Cov khoom siv rau kev siv ntawm cov ntxiv E 412 yog taum ntawm Cyamopsis tetragonolobus tsob ntoo, los yog ntau dua precisely, lawv cov noob, ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov extract tau txais nyob rau hauv industrial mob (supplied nyob rau hauv daim ntawv hmoov).
Cov noob ntawm kaum tsib centimeter taum yog cov hauv av yooj yim, cais cov cua hauv lub crushing, thiab tom qab ntawd ces cov khoom ua rau lub plab yog sieved ntau zaus thiab crushed mus rau lub xeev ntawm homogeneous hmoov.
Taum kuj muaj xws li dolichos, khaub noom, ntsuab taum, zaub qhwv zaub, peas, taum ntsuab.Txoj kev tu vaj tu tsev ntau yuav ua kom tau ib qho av qis heev, nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm galactomannan thiab cov khoom siv khov siab.
Kev lig kev cai, kwv yees li 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov khoom ntawm no tshuaj poob rau Is Nrias teb, tab sis tam sim no nws yog tsim los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws: Teb chaws Africa, Canada, Amelikas thiab Australia. 
Daim npluag gum daim ntawv thov
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev txiav txim siab ntawm guar pub nws los ua ib qho khoom zoo heev rau kev siv rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg cov kev ua ub no, nrog rau cov zaub mov thiab cov lag luam drilling.
Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li ib qho kev additive tsis tau redundant nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm textiles, daim ntawv, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb heev. 
Hauv kev lag luam ua noj
Qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj no hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntau yog piav qhia los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab no:
- Lub siab ntawm cov pos hniav ntawm qib 5,000 centipoise los yog 3,500 centipoise nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tov tso cai rau nws los ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib qho zoo heev stabilizer, ua kom cov viscosity thiab gelling cov khoom ntawm cov khoom (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb hauv cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus rau ntev cia khoom lossis nce lawv ceev).
- Lub peev xwm los txhim kho hauv dej thiab zoo sib xws nrog ntau lwm hydrocolloids ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb (piv txwv, cov noob taum pauv, pectin los yog carrageenan) ua kom nws siv tau cov khoom kom zoo dua qub.
- Thaum khov, cov cuab yeej ntawm cov additive, xws li lub peev xwm los qeeb hauv qhov tsim ntawm cov dej khov nab kuab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb hauv cov dej khov, cov kua mis nyeem qaub lossis lwm yam chilled confectionery khoom), kuj tseem ceeb.
- Nrog rau cov khoom no, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob txha, cov zaub mov thiab cov zaub xam lav, thiab hauv kev xyaum, rau qhov no yog ntxiv rau cov dej qab zib (kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo), cov hmoov sib xyaw qhuav, cov kaus poom ntses thiab cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb rau tsiaj.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, guar gum yog yuav luag tsis absorbed los ntawm cov hnyuv thiab blocks lub siab tshaib plab, thaum txo qib ntawm cov roj thiab cov roj saturated.Beets, pears, Sweet qos yaj ywm, noob nom noob tswv jelly, dawb currants, apricots, ntoo thuv ceev, zucchini muaj peev xwm txo cov qib roj cholesterol.
Hauv kev lag luam drilling
Guar gum proved tau yog ib qho zoo heev "tus pab cuam" hauv lub koom haum cov dej hauv cov roj, vim nws muaj peev xwm txo cov kua dej tawm ntawm qhov drilling fluid thiab muab cov av nplaum siv rau hauv nws cov khoom ntawm kev ncua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov khoom noj feem ntau txaus ntshai yog monosodium glutamate, uas yog siv los txhim kho cov muaj ntxhiab thiab saj cov khoom ntawm qee yam khoom. Nws ua rau lub cev ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib txoj kev siv yeeb tshuaj, thiab dhau lub sijhawm koj yuav tsis hnov tus saj cov khoom tsis muaj nws. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb ntawm cov menyuam yaus.Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, nws muaj peev xwm raug hu ib tug pheej yig counterpart ntawm ntau lwm thickeners siv nyob rau hauv drilling. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo cov kev tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev sib txawv hauv qhov teeb meem no.
Yog li, nws tsis muaj theem siab ntawm thermal stability, yog li ntawd xanthan gum yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias kev ua haujlwm sov tshaj tus nqi ntawm +100 ° C.Qee zaum, qhov kev kho no tuaj yeem raug ua los ntawm kev siv cov hydroxypropyl derivatives ntawm cov khoom, vim tias lawv muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermal stability.
Guar cov pos hniav yog tseem siv thaum muaj kev tsim nyog kom nce cov roj ntawm cov khoom siv uas siv hydraulic pob zeb.
Nyob hauv kev quab yuam, tus neeg pabcuam yog nkag mus rau qhov dej, lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau xuab zeb, yav tas los compacted nrog guar hais, los yog nrog daws ntawm hydroxypropylguar. 
Nrog nws cov kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kab nrig hauv cov pob zeb nyuaj kom thiaj li npaj tau cov pa roj los yog roj.
Tab sis qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov kev tau ntawm txoj kev txiav txim siab hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev lag luam drilling.
Vim muaj peev xwm tsim txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog borate thiab hloov hlau ions (Ti thiab Zr), nws cov gelatinization yog feem ntau pom, thiab tom qab qhov kawg ntawm hydraulic puas, cov tshuaj zoo li gel raug muab pov tseg thiab sim ntxuav kom tawm tsuas yog ib qho nyiaj tsawg xwb.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias kev siv E 412 hauv kev lag luam txog kev lag luam rau cov extraction ntawm cov roj yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb niaj hnub ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no. 
Koj puas paub? Cov roj tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm noob neej rau ntau tshaj 6000 xyoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob hauv Npanpiloos thaum ub, tau muab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev sib khi, thiab cov neeg Amelikas laus siv cov teeb ci teeb pom kev yooj yim heev, uas siv roj los ua roj.
Lwm qhov chaw
Dua li ntawm kev siv ntau hauv cov khoom noj thiab kev lag luam, uas yog qhov nrov heev, cov pos hniav tau nrawm thiab nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub ua no.
Piv txwv li, rau cov hom phiaj kho mob, cov khoom no muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib kom thiaj li txo qis ntawm cov hnoos qeev hauv cov hnyuv, thiab txo qis dua lwm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom noj. 
Kev siv cov pos hniav siv kuj tau sau tseg rau hauv cov khoom siv thiab textiles (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau cov ntaub pua plag thiab textiles luam ntawv), tab sis cov txheej txheem sib hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem feem ntau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem: piv txwv li, carboxymethylhydroxypropylguar los yog carboxymethylguar.
Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm E412 tuaj yeem siv los tsim khoom tawg, tab sis nws yog ntau dua siv rau lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj.
Ntawm chav kawm, manufacturers ntawm khoom kim heev tshuaj pleev ib ce tsis tshua muaj neeg siv mus rau kev siv ntawm cov pos hniav, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj txiag ntu nws yog heev, heev nyob rau hauv kev thov.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm tshuaj pleev ib ce lawv kuj siv cov beeswax, peppermint, citronella tseem ceeb roj, feathery Kalanchoe, lychee, marjoram, flax roj, niam thiab stepmother, thiab cashew.Nyob rau hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm emulsifier, thickener thiab stabilizer, nws tuaj yeem pom muaj coob tus gels thiab cream, ob leeg hauv cov khoom tu plaub hau thiab cov khoom tsim los tswj lub cev kev zoo nkauj.
Muaj cov pos hniav ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij, zoo ib yam ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov cua thiab kev hloov xim kub.Thaum raug rau cov plaub hau, qhov no ntxiv txum tim txhua yam puas tsuaj, ntxiv kev ci thiab lub zog ntawm nws cov plaub hau.
Yog tias qhov xav tau, cov pos hniav tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov khoom noj zoo nkauj hauv tsev, tab sis yog tias koj tsis muaj kev paub siv cov khoom zoo li no, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab cov khoom noj kom zoo.
Kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev
Peb raug siv los ceev faj txog cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab yog qhov tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis tu ncua nrog ib nrab ntawm cov pos hniav yuav tsis ua mob rau lub cev, ntawm qhov tawm tsam, muaj cov lus qhia txog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm E 412. 
Hauv particular, nws muaj peev xwm ntawm:
- npub kev xav ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis;
- txo cov roj ntshav qib siab;
- ua kom cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj calcium uas haum;
- tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov co toxins ntawm lub cev;
- muaj cov nyhuv ntxim ntxaug (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cem quav).
Gooseberry, dub currant, dub nightshade, burdock paus infusion, dawb beow bark, Sweet Cherry, fennel muaj ib tug me me laxative siv.Ntawd yog, cov pos hniav hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv thiab thaum siv tshuaj loj sim yog ib qho khoom noj zoo tag nrho, ntawm chav kawm, tshwj tsis yog lub tuam txhab lag luam txhob txwm hloov nws lub cev muaj pes tsawg siv ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Contrary to nrov ntseeg, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv no ntxiv rau kev noj haus hom phiaj. Nyob rau xyoo 1980s, tib neeg tau ua raws li txoj kev no, vim yog siv ntau ntawm cov pos hniav thiab cov kua dej haus tsis txaus, muaj kev tuag. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tseeb tias E 412 siv cov kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo.
Nrog ib qho kev overdose ntawm no ntxiv, kev noj haus cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tej zaum yuav ua rau mob hauv txoj hnyuv, xeev siab, thiab muaj roj ntau dua.Tsis tas li ntawd, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib tw tshuaj (thaum noj tshuaj), txwv tsis pub muaj teeb meem loj.
Tsuas yog, tsis txhob ntshai ntawm cov pos hniav, tab sis thaum nws siv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los soj ntsuam kev ceevfaj thiab tsis txhob ua phem rau cov khoom noj.
