Pear

Pear "Zaj sawv": cov yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Muaj ntau txhiab tus ntawm pears, tus hlub ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Muaj ntau ntau yam yog artificially bred hybrids. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tus zaj keeb kwm pear.

Nws raug coj mus rau lub Urals, qhov chaw uas nws tau ntev ntawm cov neeg nyiam.

Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog qhov no.

Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los

Txhua yam pib nrog qhov tseeb hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum ib lub caij nplooj zeeg pear tau pom nyob hauv hav zoov Belgian, dubbed lub "Hav Zoov Zoo Zoo" thiab tom qab los ua neeg nyiam heev nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, Soviet breeder P. A. Zhavoronkov tau txais ib lub yub 41-15-9 los ntawm hybridizing Ussuri pear. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1980s, "Forest Beauty" thiab 41-15-9 tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm South Ural Scientific Research Institute rau Horticulture thiab Qos yaj ywm. Lawv tau hla dhau los ntawm ib pawg neeg cog qoob loo los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hu ua E. A. Falkenberg. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1985, lub caij ntuj sov "Zaj sawv" tau tshwm sim.

Koj puas paub? Raws li Lavxias Phau Ntawv Teev Tseg, qhov loj tshaj plaws pear loj hlob nyob rau hauv 2013 nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv Ingushetia. Nws qhov hnyav yog 1 kg 7 g.

Tsob ntoo piav qhia

Cov ntoo ntau yam "Zaj sawv" loj hlob nruab nrab-siab. Lawv cov yas yog kis, tucked nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig los yog dav pyramidal duab. Tam sim ntawd tom qab cog nws hlob zuj zus sai, thiab tom qab pib ntawm fruiting, kev loj hlob slows down.

Qhov no ntau yam tau yooj yim yuav grafted thiab zus on seedlings ntawm pear "Ussuriyskoy". Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening, ceg ceg hnyav nrog sau yuav ua txhaum tawm, yog li lawv xav tau khoom.

Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob loj, lawv qhov hnyav ncav cuag 130-140 g. Cov duab yog hloov, me ntsis thawv. Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntsuab; thaum lawv siav, lawv tig daj-ntsuab nrog ib tug liab blush on sab hnub ci. Daim tawv nqaij yog nyias, kev sib tw.

Siav pulp muaj ib dessert saj: muaj kua thiab qab zib. Pears muaj kev nthuav qhia zoo nkauj.

Cov Teeb Kom Ua Raws Cai

"Zaj sawv" nyiam tshav ntuj, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab cog rau hauv thaj chaw zoo, tab sis kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cua. Nyob rau hauv ntom plantings qhov twg tsis muaj lub teeb txaus, cov ntoo txaij nce siab. Tab sis cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo xav tau pritenyat kom tsis txhob Burns.

Tau txais kev pom zoo nrog ntau hom pears li "Thumbelina", "Century", "Bryansk Beauty", "Dessert Rossoshanskaya", "Hera", "Children", "Rogneda", "Kokinskaya", "Tenderness", "Petrovskaya".

Cov av uas yuav tsum tau

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv qhov chaw zoo tsaws:

  1. Cov av zoo tshaj plaws haum rau no pear yog leached chernozem ntawm medium ntom.
  2. Cov av ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj xuab zeb thiab ib co av nplaum.
  3. Thaum cog seedlings av yuav tsum tau xoob. Thiab ntxiv tom qab watering nws yuav tsum tau loosened. Yog li ntawd lub hauv paus system yuav muab nrog huab cua txaus ncig.
  4. Cov av yuav tsum tau kom zoo fertilized: humus los yog compost nrog phosphate-poov tshuaj fertilizer.
  5. Av nyob rau hauv lub crown yog ntshaw kom mulch humus, peat, compost los yog dub zaj duab xis.

Pollination

Self-fertility, los yog tus kheej-pollination muaj peev xwm, yog heev zog. "Zaj sawv" xav tau kev pab ntawm bees thiab lub zej zog ntawm pollinator - pears ntawm lwm yam ntau yam, uas Bloom tib lub sijhawm. Rau qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog cov ntau yam: "Krasulia", "Severyanka" thiab "Fairytale"

"Zaj sawv", nyob rau hauv lem, kuj yog ib tug tsim pollinator rau ntau pear ntau yam.

Fruiting

"Zaj sawv" yog hais txog skoroplodnyh ntau yam. Fruiting pib ntawm 4 xyoos tom qab cog. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo, nce qhov volume ntawm qoob loo.

Flowering lub sij hawm

Cov pear feem ntau blooms nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis los sis Tsib Hlis. Nws nyob ntawm thaj av thiab nyob rau huab cua. Lub souther lub cheeb tsam thiab warmer lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub ntxov dhau lub tsob ntoo blooms. Nws feem ntau pib tawg tuaj 7 hnub dhau tshaj li ib tsob ntoo kua. Lub sij hawm flowering kav li 2 lub lis piam.

Gestation lub sijhawm

Zoo li lwm lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam, qhov pib sau nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj. Sau lub sij hawm tseem nyob ntawm huab cua, av thiab kev tu xyuas cov ntoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau yog sim zoo dua, yuav luag ib txhij.

Ib tug pear pear hloov daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis lub noob nyob dawb. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tev tawm ntawm tsob ntoo kom txog thaum nws loj hlob tuaj.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev paub gardeners pom zoo kom harvesting lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo immature. Ob peb hnub tom qab, lawv yuav "ncav" rau hauv chav tsev txias, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib lub cellar, uas lawv yuav mos thiab muaj kua.

Tawm

"Zaj sawv" - muaj ntau yam siab. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm fruiting, yields yog loj hlob sai heev: nyob rau hauv lub thib rau xyoo tom qab cog, 16 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm 1 ntoo. Tus nqi ntawm kev sau nce txhua xyoo. Qhov nruab nrab, ib tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm muab 30-35 kg ntawm pears. Qhov ntim ntawm cov qoob loo yog qhov ua tau zoo los ntawm tej yam kev mob thiab qhov muaj cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom nce lub tawm los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kom tsis tu ncua thiab kom sai prune ntoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub xyoos, hom kab nuv ntses yog nqa tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no xyoo - huv huv.

Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom

Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me. Lawv tuaj yeem dag tsis tau qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab saj, tsuas yog 10 hnub xwb. Tom qab ntawd lawv darken thiab soften. Hauv lub tub yees, lub sijhawm no ncua ntev txog ob lub lim tiam, tom qab uas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis zoo.

Pears muaj kev nthuav qhia zoo nkauj. Tab sis nyias tis tsis sib haum tsheb thauj mus los. Tshem tawm thiab thauj tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum ceev faj txhob ua kom puas tsuaj.

Kuj tsis zoo rau tej yam mob thiab kab mob

"Zaj sawv" yog cov kab mob pear gall thiab kab ntsaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob. Tab sis kuj muaj lwm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag rau cov no ntau yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov ntoo thiab coj los tiv thaiv kab mob loj.

Ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim thiab pests ntawm pears kuj moth, xeb.

Drought tolerance

Tus zaj sawv pearl muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm drought siab. Thaum lub sij hawm ntev ntawm drought ntoo tsis raug kev txom nyem. Tab sis qhov no cuam tshuam lub yield: tus naj npawb ntawm increments txo, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua me me, vim hais tias ntawm cov uas tawm los yog txo.

Koj puas paub? Pear yield tshaj li lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo. Ib tsob ntoo muaj pear 2-3 tawm zaug ntau tshaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Lub caij ntuj no hardiness

Cov theem ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm no ntau yam yog heev. Tsob ntoo tsau lub hnyav lub caij ntuj no thiab lub teij nyob ib ncig ntawm -37 ° C. Frosting yog ua tau thaum kub kub hauv qab -40 ° C.

Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo

Pears muaj qab ntxiag dessert saj, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv lawv tshiab. Tab sis lawv zoo heev rau cov ua thiab kua txiv rau kev txuag. Kws txawj pom zoo kom siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem paub tab: ces cov nqaij ua tau plam heev.

Pears tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub tawv nqaij yuav siv rau ntawm ib lub paj daj.

Muaj zog thiab qaug zog

Pear "Zaj sawv", raws li tau pom los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, nws muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Tshaj tawm

  • zoo saj thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
  • precociousness;
  • yield;
  • siab lub caij ntuj no hardiness;
  • tsis kam mus rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag.

Ntseeg

  • luv txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
  • tsawg drought siab kam;
  • qhov xav tau rau ib tug ntoo pollinator.

Yog li, peb tau pom hais tias qhov kev pom zoo ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ua rau tus zaj npav pear kom zoo nkauj rau cov vaj tse. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv tus kheej thiab kev loj hlob rau kev muag khoom. Ua raws li cov kev cai yooj yim thiab txaus siab rau nws txoj kev ntshaw zoo heev.