Loj hlob txiv lws suav nrog seedlings muab ib tug zoo dua ciaj nqi thiab tawm los tshaj cog cov noob ncaj qha rau hauv qhib hauv av, raws li evidenced by ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm kev paub ntawm ntau gardeners. Txawm li cas los xij, txheej txheem no muaj ntau cov nta thiab cov subtleties, uas yuav tsim nyog tham txog ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no koj yuav pom tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog txog lws suav seedlings, yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob nws, thaum pib txoj kev no thiab yuav ua li cas los tu nws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.
Thaum twg thiaj li pib?
Cov cultivation ntawm lws suav seedlings nyob rau hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob pib ntxov tshaj 50-60 hnub ua ntej hnub ntawm kev npaj hloov ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv qhib rau hauv av.
Cov kua txob, qhwv, beets, zucchini, cucumbers, eggplants, parsnips, dos, thiab paj kuj yog zus los ntawm seedling txoj kev.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yuav siv sij hawm li 7-10 hnub kom muab thawj tua rau txiv lws suav, yog li ntawd lub seedlings yuav tsum tau ceev cia tom tsev tom qab thawj zaug tua rau 40-55 hnub on nruab nrab.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no muaj txog 10,000 yam sib txawv ntawm cov txiv lws suav, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas muaj ib kab uas tsawg dua 2 centimeters, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov loj tshaj kis rau 1.5 kg.
Kom txiav txim siab ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm sowing plays ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm Bush thiab nws cov fruiting ntau. Lub sijhawm no nws txawv nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua zoo li cas hauv cov chaw koj nyob, thiab hauv nruab nrab nws zoo nkaus li ib yam dab tsi zoo li no:
- South Russia thiab Ukraine: seedlings yog sown los ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj 20th mus rau nruab nrab-Lub peb hlis ntuj.
- lub chaw ntawm Russia: qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm yog los ntawm nruab nrab lub peb hlis ntuj mus rau lub Plaub Hlis thaum ntxov.
- Sab qaum teb ntawm Russia: los ntawm pib mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj.
Thaum koj sim to taub thaum twg pib cog txiv lws suav ntawm seedlings, koj tuaj yeem pib ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm thaum kawg ntawm lub xeem caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts yuav tsum tau nyob hauv koj cheeb tsam. Nws yuav txaus kom suav 50-65 hnub rov qab los txij li hnub no thiab nqa tawm cov nroj tsuag rau hnub ntawd. Thaum zoo li no, yog tias koj npaj siab yuav ua kom muaj kev sib tsoo hauv cov tsev qoob loo lossis hauv koj lub sam thiaj, ces koj tuaj yeem pib cog noob ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej.
Tsaws nta
Ua ntej koj loj hlob lws suav seedlings nyob rau hauv tsev, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev nkag siab rau koj tus kheej ib co ntawm subtleties thiab tseem ceeb ntsuas tsim nyog rau nws txoj kev loj hlob zoo thiab kev loj hlob.
Tej kev mob loj hlob
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau rau cog noob txiv ntoo ntawm txiv lws suav yog tsim lub teeb txaus rau lawv. Ua li no, nws pom zoo kom muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov rais tuaj txog sab qab teb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ntuj kaj tsis ploj zuj zus los ntawm ntau yam shading, xws li ntoo, phab ntsa lossis laj kab. Yog tias tsis muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov teeb tshwj xeeb.
Koj puas paub? Txiv lws suav yog ib qho ntawm cov zaub nyiam ntim ntawm tib neeg. Ib xyoos ib zaug hauv lub ntiaj teb no tshaj 60 lab ton ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muag.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov yub yuav tsum tau muab nrog txaus noo noo, uas yog kev pom zoo siv cov av ntub dej los yog cov tshuaj txau. Nws yog ntshaw kom nqa tawm cov kev kho mob txhua hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv kub mob - thiab ob zaug ib hnub.
Nws yog pom zoo kom muab koj cov yub nrog rau lub caij sov sov. Optimal kub rau seedlings nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nws fluctuates ib ncig ntawm 18-25 degrees, thiab thaum tsaus ntuj - 13-16 degrees.
Av disinfection
Yog hais tias cov av raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, muaj cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob uas ua rau ntau tus neeg mob heev. Kom tsis txhob zoo li "surprises", nws pom zoo kom yuav cov av sib xyaw hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, tab sis txawm tias xau qee zaum muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv lawv cov seedlings los ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag Nws raug pom zoo kom nqa tawm cov av disinfection siv ib qho ntawm cov nram no:
- rhuav tshem cov av nyob rau hauv qhov cub ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 160-180 degrees rau 15-20 feeb;
- txheej txheem cov av nyob hauv lub qhov cub microwave ntawm ntau lub zog rau 2-3 feeb;
- muab tso rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub nrog me me kua qhov, cov av partwise ncuav boiling dej;
- Moisten cov av pw tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho txawm txheej nrog ib tug muaj zog daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob pib cog seedlings on tshiab kho av. Tom qab ua, nws yuav zoo dua rau nws tso rau hauv qhib cua nyob rau hauv lub hnub rau 2 lub lis piam, thiaj li hais tias kev luam tawm hauv nws nws pab tau cov av tsiaj yuav pib.
Noob npaj
Cov noob, los ntawm cov av, yuav ua tau ib qho chaw ua qoob rau ntau yam kab mob thiab kab tsuag, yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau koj cov yub los ntawm kev tuag, lawv kuj xav tau kev kho mob ua ntej cog. Cov nram qab no yog txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem ua koj cov noob:
- Nrog poov tshuaj permanganate. Ib 100 ml ntawm dej, koj yuav tsum noj 1 g ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Noob, yav tas los qhwv hauv cheesecloth, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv xws li ib tug daws rau 10-15 feeb. Overexposure ntawm noob nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug daws yog fraught nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv germination, yog li yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm dej qab zib daws. Ib 100 ml ntawm dej, noj 0.5 g ntawm dej qab zib. Nyob rau hauv no tov, lub noob yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau 24 teev. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov disinfecting thaj chaw, cov tshuaj no yuav tau ua rau lub fruiting ntxov ntawm koj txiv lws suav.
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm aloe kua txiv daws. Rau txhua feem ntawm aloe kua txiv koj yuav tsum tau siv ntau npaum li dej. Nyob rau hauv no tov, lub noob yog soaked rau 12-24 xuab moos. Cov tshuaj no tseem tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj cov qoob loo, kev txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo thiab mus pab kho lub cev ntawm lub cev.
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev daws "Fitosporin". Nyob rau hauv tiav lawm daws, lub noob yog hnub nyoog rau ib mus rau ob xuab moos.
Sowing tswvyim
Nyob rau hauv pre-ntim fertile decontaminated av cog ntim (nyiam dua, nws yog oblong) ua furrows, lub tob ntawm uas yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj ib centimeter.
Qhov deb ntawm grooves yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj peb los yog plaub centimeters. Tso lub noob nyob rau hauv lub furrows thiaj li hais tias qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv tsis yog tsawg tshaj li 1 cm Sprinkle lub noob nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm fertile av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub thicker lub seedlings yuav cog, qhov ntxov lawv yuav tau tuaj tos lawv.
Los ntawm saum toj no nws yog pom zoo kom ncab cov zaj duab xis los yog nteg lub iav kom thiaj li xyuas kom meej cov seedlings siab txheeb ze humidity. Rau kev vam meej sprouting seedlings xav tau ib tug kub ntawm txog 30 degrees, yog li nws yog pom zoo kom tso nws nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tshav kub.
Seedling kev kho mob
Kev kho kom zoo yog ib qhov guarantors ntawm tus nplua nuj thiab cua lws suav qoob loo, tab sis nws tsis txawv dhau los ntawm kev tu lwm lub noob qoob loo, nws tseem muaj qee tus subtleties, uas yuav tau sib tham ntxiv.
Watering
Seedlings yog watered nrog ib tug phom phom los yog ib tug humidifier, raws li ib tug dav hlau, ntaus tawm ntawm ib tug watering tau los yog lwm yam ntim nrog ib tug loj lub pob ntseg diameter, yuav ua kev puas tsuaj qhov kev sib tw paus system ntawm seedling. Nws yog tsim nyog rau dej raws li tsawg kawg ib zaug ib hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub - nws yog zoo dua ob zaug.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ntau tshaj ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob fungal uas tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev tshem cov kab mob hauv av av thiab ua nws nrog ib qho kev sib fungicide.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Lws suav saplings xav thawj pub mis tom qab 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab qhov tsos ntawm thawj tua. Tom qab ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog txhua lub limtiam. Fertilizers raws li organic tshuaj, piv txwv li, diluted thiab fermented noog droppings los yog manure, yog zoo tshaj plaws haum rau seedlings.
Ntoo tshauv, poov xab, whey, txiv tsawb tev, dos tev, thiab qe qe yuav siv tau cov khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus.
Nws raug nquahu kom nqa khoom noj ntxiv rau yav sawv ntxov lossis lig lig rau yav tsaus ntuj, tom qab lub hnub tau ploj mus, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ywg dej. Cov chiv coj mus muag kuj siv tau rau fertilizing, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov dose qhia nyob rau hauv pob yuav tsum tau siv.
Ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo
Young seedlings, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tua, xav tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb, yog li ntawd sai li sai tau tom qab lawv tawm ntawm lub hauv av, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau qhov tshaj plaws illuminated qhov rais sill. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov no tau tshwm sim rau thaum lub Ob Hlis los sis thaum pib caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yuav tsis muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo txaus rau lawv.
Nws yog pom zoo hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj 2-3 hnub tom qab tsos ntawm thawj tua, seedlings yuav muab tso nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm tas mus li qhov tseeb, txij li thaum, raws li ntau gardeners, qhov no stimulates germination thiab guarantees qhov zoo tshaj plaws tawm los. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov niaj hnub siv 16 xuab moos uas tau muab los ntawm ntuj tsim.
Picks
Yog hais tias tus seedlings twb cog nyob rau hauv heaps, thawj xaiv ntawm seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav yog nqa tawm tom qab qhov tsos ntawm thawj yeej muaj tseeb nplooj, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm 10 hnub tom qab sowing. Ib qho kev hloov ntawm lub hnub nyoog no tuaj yeem muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag, vim hais tias lub hauv paus system yog tseem heev me ntsis thiab yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no tuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv khob ntawm 200 ml.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws tsis yog tsim nyog ntawm thawj hloov me me, txawm lub tswv yim ntawm ntau gardeners, ua lub pinching ntawm paus hauv paus - qhov no yuav ua rau kom ncua kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings rau tsawg kawg yog ib lub lim tiam.
Ib ob peb lub lis piam tom qab, ib tug thib ob hloov ntawm nroj tsuag yog ua, lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv pots, qhov volume ntawm uas yog txog 1 liter. Thaum transplanting, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov txoj kev sib tw ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv paus thiab nco ntsoov tsim nws nrog ib tug clod ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm thawj lub ntim.
Nip
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau pinch lub shrub thiaj li hais tias cov stepchildren tsis rub cov as-ham rau lawv tus kheej thiab tsis qeeb qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsiab qia. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub axils ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj, thiab lawv raug pom zoo yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej tus stepchildren ncav cuag 5 cm nyob rau hauv loj, vim hais tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv Bush yuav xyuam xim tshem tawm lawv tshem tawm.
Hom ntawm pinching nyob ntawm seb ntawm Bush. Rau siab bushes nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj nip nyob rau hauv ib lub qia. Ntxiv nrog rau tearing tawm lub stepsons rau xws li ntau yam, nws yog pom zoo kom mus pinch lub ntsiab qia tom qab cog, yog li hais tias cov as-ham tsis mus rau hauv lub qia, tab sis mus rau hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nrog ob chav kaw lus ib tug ntxiv stepson yog sab laug uas yuav tsuas yuav me ntsis qab hauv txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov no ua kom ntau dua tawm thawj zaug, tab sis significantly slows down tus txheej txheem ntawm ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Peb-qia hom zoo li ob lub qia nyob rau hauv txhua yam tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm tso tseg stepchildren. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tshwm sim yog tshwm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm txiv lws suav, vim, cia li zoo li ob-qia ntoo, nws slows down lub ripening kev.
Hardening
Hardening sprouts yuav pib tau sai li sai tau tom qab tsos ntawm 3-4 ntawm cov nplooj. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev pib ua cov dej num no nws txawv nyob hauv cheeb tsam 15-20 degrees. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob zealous nrog huab cua cua, vim hais tias nws cov excess yuav ua tau phem rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag.
Nws yog qhov pom zoo kom pib ua kom muaj huab cua 5-feeb, maj mam nce sijhawm. Hardened sprouts qhia zoo dua cov ciaj sia taus dua li lawv cov pampered kwv tij txheeb ze thiab muaj peev xwm sai sai nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings, uas tsis nyuaj, thaum tsaws nyob rau hauv qhib rau hauv av.
Nrov yuam kev novice gardeners
Ntawm qhov feem ntau cov kev ua yuam kev uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob gardeners, cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau tseem ceeb:
- dej ntau dhau los sis ntau tshaj;
- tsis ua raws li qhov ntsuas kub lossis lub teeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag;
- pib qhov kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov ntau hom kev loj hlob nyob hauv tsev;
- heev thaum ntxov sowing ntawm noob nyob rau hauv pots;
- Picks lig;
- tsis muaj zog los yog tsis muaj nws;
- tsis zoo los yog muaj kab mob hauv av.
Peb cia siab tias tias tsab xov xwm no tau pab koj qhia ntxiv rau koj tus kheej li cas cog txiv lws suav rau cov noob. Nco ntsoov tias qhov ntsuas kub, qhov kaj thiab kev tswj dej yog 70% lav zoo. Lwm 10% yog sib zog raws sij hawm thiab txhim kho kom zoo. Cov seem 20 yog qhov koj txhawj xeeb thiab kev sov siab rau yav tom ntej cov nroj tsuag.
