Raspberry berries yog hlub los ntawm gardeners, tsis tsuas yog rau lawv txawv saj, tab sis kuj rau lawv ntau yam khoom siv. Txhua tus me nyuam yeej paub txog qhov saj ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus berries. Nws tsuas yog nyuaj siab tias lub fruiting lub sij hawm nyob rau ntawm lub Bush yog luv luv, nws pib tsuas yog los ntawm ob xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob. Yuav kom kov yeej tau qhov teeb meem no, tus breeders coj tshaj, kev tshwm sim ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm uas ua remontant ntau yam. Tsab xov xwm tsom rau ntawm lub caij ntuj sov Indian raspberry, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, qhov tawm los ntawm ib Bush, raws li tau cog thiab tu nws.
Hauv keeb kwm
Mus txog rau 70s ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, tsis muaj hauj lwm ua tiav hauv USSR los tsim ntau yam nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws, thiab tag nrho cov teb chaws txawv txawv ntawm qhov kev txav xwm tsis zoo rau cultivation nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes vim lig lig txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm berries. Nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug targeted qhov kev pab cuam rau cultivation ntawm xws li ntau yam tau raug txhim tsa thiab ua los ntawm All-Lavxias Yug-Thoob Lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture thiab Nursery.
Koj puas paub? Thawj qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob raspberries nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog Russia, uas ib xyoos twg sau ntau tshaj 210 txhiab tons ntawm berries.
Qhov txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim ntawm raspberries nrog zoo xws li thaj chaw tau ua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeder, xib fwb I. V. Cossacks. Cov Neeg Qhab Lub caij ntuj sov tau txais los ntawm nws vim yog kev sib kis ntawm Sentyabrskaya raspberry rattan, ntawm American cov khoom, thiab lub qhov txhab ntawm flowering hybrid No. 12-77. Qhov no muaj ntau yam nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Varietal nta
Yog li ntawd thaum twg yuav bushes ntawm raspberry remontantnoy koj tsis dag thiab muab nws rau Indian lub caij ntuj sov, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, uas muaj ib co yam ntxwv nta uas cia kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm tus.
Bushes
Lub Bush muaj ib qho zuj zus uas tsis muaj kev loj hlob - tsuas yog li 1 m, ib siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1.5 m. Nws hlob heev compactly, yam uas tsis muaj scattering tua ib ncig nws. Stems yog ncaj, dotted nrog ntau tus xov tooj ntawm nyias nyuaj spines, them nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm waxy tso, ntawm medium tuab.
Qhov ib txwm mus rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug scrub ib ncig ntawm lub Bush yog heev tsis zoo tsim (tsuas yog 10-15 pieces ib square Meter). Tua thiab inflorescences yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib cov lus qhia ua rau branching. Nplooj ntawm medium loj, me ntsis twisted, tus mus rau lub kov, me wrinkles yog pom nyob rau saum npoo.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav ntawm raspberry yog siv raws li ib tug diaphoretic, thiab nws cov syrup yog siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias los txhim kho qhov saj ntawm cov tshuaj.
Berries
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog medium loj, sib xws ntawm 2-3 g mus rau 3.5 g nyob rau hauv qee zaus, muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug truncated khoom siv, hnav ib tug liab tint. Lub saj yog heev qab ntxiag, Sweet thiab qaub. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog kev sib tw, tsis muaj ib qho uas muaj suab nrov zoo nkauj. Cov pob txha nyuaj, nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 25-30 pieces ib Berry.
Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm ntau yam ntawm berries yog tias txawm nrog huab cua heev ntub, lawv tsis poob lawv cov tsos thiab tsis qaub. Tab sis, Alas, lawv yog cov nyuab heev thauj, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau raug pom zoo kom muab ntim tam sim ntawd tom qab los yog cia tam sim ntawd pub rau lwm cov nyiaj txiag.
Tawm
Qhov no raspberry ntau yam tsis yog mus rau feem ntau fruitful, uas yog rau ib txhia li compensated rau los ntawm lub caij nyoog ntev ntawm nws fruiting. Qhov nruab nrab, hais txog 1 kg ntawm berries yuav tua tau los ntawm ib lub hav txwv yeem, tab sis nrog kev tu thiab dej siab rau tej yam mob, qhov kev qhia no tuaj yeem raug nce mus txog 3 kg.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness
Qhov no raspberry ntau yam muaj ib tug ncaj qha pronounced Frost tsis kam. Yog tias muaj npau npau txaus, txawm tias qhov ntsuas kub ntawm -30 ° C mus rau 35 ° C yuav tsum tsis txhob ua mob rau koj cov kua txob xiav. Txawm nrog siab ntawm tag nrho cov yam kev mob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub bushes xyaum tsis txhob tsim cov tub ntxhais hluas tua.
Kuj pom kev raspberry ntau yam xws li Heracles, Atlas, Heritage, thiab Cumberland.
Kev siv
Raspberry berries, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lawv noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raw, yuav ua tau zoo heev siv rau ua ntau yam jams, jams, compotes, syrups thiab sauces. Koj tuaj yeem ntim tau tus nqi ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab yas thiab muab tso rau hauv lub freezer mus saj lub berries nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhuav raspberry castings yog zoo heev haum rau kev siv raws li ib tug tshuaj yej hloov.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib sau tau qhuav tau thiaj li tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raw, uas tom qab siv los ua ib qho tshuaj uas muaj ntxhiab los sis tshuaj rau ntau hom kab mob. Qhuav raspberries nyob rau hauv ib lub khob iav tau sawv nyob rau hauv ib lub maub, qhuav qhov chaw rau ob lub xyoo yam tsis tau raug mob rau nws cov qauv thiab saj.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings thaum yuav
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj tus kheej tias qhov me me qhov loj me ntawm lub yub, qhov ntau dua qhov yuav ua tau ntawm nws muaj kev vam meej rooting thiab ntxiv kev loj hlob. Cog khoom yuav tsum muaj txog 2-4 tua, thiab lawv ntev yuav tsum tsis txhob loj heev, vim hais tias bushes nrog xws li stems hnov heev phem heev rau transplanting.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua tus muag ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv spontaneous kev lag luam, raws li tus neeg muag khoom tsis tshua xyuas lub varietal conformity thiab zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, txawm tias koj tswj los yuav ib lub vev zeb tsis tuaj yeem, nws yog ib qho yuav ua tau qus. Lwm qhov kev sib cav nyob rau hauv kev txaus siab ntawm tsis kam mus yuav los ntawm kev ua lag luam yog tias feem ntau cov keeb kwm ntawm seedlings yog muab tso rau hauv tej pob khoom muaj, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj thiab rotting ntawm keeb kwm.
Xaiv qhov chaw zoo
Thaum npaj plhaw cog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev siv nyiaj ntau yam, piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cog qoob loo tshiab ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej cov qoob loo ntawm tsev neeg ntawm nightshade thiab raspberry ntau yam loj hlob, vim tshwm sim uas raspberry keeb kwm muaj peev xwm los secrete ib yam tshuaj uas tiv thaiv nws ntxiv kev loj hlob. Tshiab bushes yuav cog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm loj hlob qub tsuas yog tom qab 6-8 xyoos.
Teeb pom kev zoo
Rau cog no ntau yam nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev zoo-zes chaw, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zoo-tiv thaiv los ntawm sab qaum teb cua. Koj yuav tuaj yeem tau txais qhov txiaj ntsim tshaj plaws los ntawm kev cog nws nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm koj lub vev xaib, tsis deb ntawm tej lub tsev lossis lub laj kab uas yuav tiv thaiv tau nws los ntawm cua thiab cua ntsawj ntshab.
Av
Lub voj yog tswv rau megatrophs - qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov feem ntau haum rau nws yuav xau nrog ib tug nplua nuj npaum li cas ntawm cov organic tshuaj thiab ib tug nruab nrab weakly acidic. Raspberries xav tau ntau ntawm cov dej, tab sis cog nws on swampy av yuav ua tau kom tuag. Qhov xav tau rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noo noo yog zoo offset los ntawm heev dej.
Ib tug ntau yam ntawm raspberry ntau yam yog ciav, feem ntau nrov ntawm lawv yog Caramel, Ispolin, Canadian thiab Hussar.
Ua haujlwm ua ntej
Ua ntej yuav cog koj cov nroj tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tiav ib qho ntawm cov dej num tsim los pab nws siv lub hauv paus, los pab txhawb ntxiv kom muaj kev vam meej thiab muaj kev vam meej. Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dip lub keeb kwm ntawm seedlings mus rau hauv huv si dej rau ob peb teev, uas yuav muab cov nroj tsuag lub sij hawm kom tau noo noo nrog noo noo.
Tom ntej, los ntawm keeb kwm nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav tawm tag nrho cov rotten thiab puas qhov chaw ntawm lub keeb kwm, txiav tawm lub saum ntawm seedlings thiaj li hais tias lawv muaj 3-4 khub ntawm nplooj. Koj tuaj yeem kho kab tshuam nrog kev nce qib thiab ib txhia fungicide los tiv thaiv tawm tsam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob fungal.
Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem
Raspberries tau cog nyob rau hauv txhua lub caij tsuas yog lub caij ntuj no. Tab sis feem ntau cov fruitful thiab dej siab rau cog ntawm gardeners yog Autumn, uas yog lub sij hawm los ntawm thib ob ib nrab ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau pib ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj. Cov txheej txheem kauj ruam-yog-theem yog kwv yees li nram qab no:
- Lub trench yog preliminarily harvested, lub dav ntawm uas ncav cuag 0.5 m thiab tob yuav txawv ntawm 40 mus rau 50 cm.
- Lub qab ntawm trench yuav tsum tau pw nrog zoo-rotted humus, compost thiab peat nyob rau hauv ib tug 1: 1: 2 ratio. Rau txhua lub square meter muaj txog 3 thoob ntawm xws li ib tug sib tov.
- Los ntawm saum toj no ncuav on txhua square Meter on ib khob ntawm tej yam pob zeb hauv av chiv, piv txwv li nitrophoska los yog nitroamofoski.
- Tom qab hais tias, lub bushes muab tso rau hauv ib lub trench nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lawv cov keeb kwm yog tag nrho pw tawm nyob rau hauv nws thiab them nrog av on to top, me ntsis tamping nws cia. Qhov deb ntawm bushes yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 50-60 cm.
- Txhua Bush yog watered nrog ib tug thoob dej, tom qab uas cov av yog mulched siv quav nyab, peat, los yog freshly txiav nyom.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Lub raspberry remontant ntau Babies lub caij ntuj sov feem ntau tsis txawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cog thiab tsis txhob lwm yam raspberry ntau yam. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib tsob nroj muaj qee tus kheej kev xav, uas yuav tau sib tham ntxiv.
Siv dej, loosening thiab mulching
Vim lub fact tias hauv paus system ntawm no raspberry ntau yam nyob ze txaus rau hauv av, xav tau rau watering, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kub, qhuav huab cua, yog tam sim no txhua txhua hnub. Kev haus dej yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau, nws yuav txaus kom ncuav txog 1 thoob dej hauv txhua lub hav txwv yeem Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub cib fim rau dej txhua txhua hnub, sim ua cov av uas nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv los yog kho cov dej thau dej.
Drip system yog yooj yim heev rau dej strawberries, peppers thiab cabbage.
Rau mulch, quav nyab, freshly txiav nyom los yog peat yog zoo tshaj plaws haum. Loosening, vim qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus system, yog qhov pom zoo kom ua kom zoo heev kom tsis txhob ua rau nws raug mob. Txawm hais tias txaus riskiness ntawm cov kev tshwm sim, nws yog tseem tseem ceeb, vim hais tias keeb kwm ntawm bushes xav tau kev nkag tau mus rau huab cua ntshiab.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Tus nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau ntxiv pub mis rau cov khoom loj txaus. Nyob rau hauv thawj feem ntawm lub caij ntuj sov lub caij nyoog, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum poob rau ntau nitrogen-muaj chiv, thaum nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tsuas yog nyob rau pob zeb hauv av chiv. Qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev pub mis yuav tsum yog ib tug noog qhov hnyav nyob rau ntawm 1:20 lossis ib qho mullein rau ntawm 1:10.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj ntxiv tau ib khob ntawm ntoo tshauv raws li ib tug fertilizer, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom paub meej tias qhov no tsis ua rau ntau nce nyob rau hauv lub alkalinity ntawm cov av.
Los npaj ib qho kev daws ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv, nws yog pom zoo kom siv cov nram qab no tov: 2 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate, 4 g ntawm superphosphate thiab 1.5 g ntawm nitrate ib 1 liter dej. Ib lub thoob ntawm xws li ib tug sib tov yuav tsum txaus rau fertilizing 2-3 raspberry bushes.
Kab Tsuag thiab kab mob kev tiv thaiv
Cov kab mob muaj peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob nram no: cov hmoov nplej, cov ntshav liab thiab nplooj ntoos mosaic. Kev kho mob rau tag nrho cov kev mob nkeeg no yog txo kom tshem tawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas ua rau muaj kev mob ntawm tus kab mob (lawv feem ntau txuam nrog cov av av noo nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlob), tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov cuam tshuam qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ob txoj kev kho mob nrog ib tug daws ntawm ib fungicide.
Raws li rau pests cuam tshuam raspberries, tawm tsam yog ua tau: kab laug sab mites, raspberries aphids thiab raspberries beetle. Tswj ntsuas tawm tsam cov kab yog zoo tib yam thiab muaj nyob rau hauv kev nrog kev pab ntawm daws ntawm ntau insecticides.
Prop
Vim nws cov luv luv stature, no raspberry ntau suab tsis xav tau kev pab, txawm li ntawd los, nyob rau hauv tej yam puag ncig, lub bushes muaj peev xwm loj hlob, thiab txawm ces nws yog tsim nyog tu nws. Cov pas los yog cov yeeb nkab lossis cov hlau uas tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb yuav pab tau. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau khov kho hammered rau hauv av nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 5-10 cm los ntawm raspberry symmetrically on ob sab ntawm lub uake, stretch lub hlua los yog xaim nruab nrab ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau tshwm sim, nws yuav ua tau mus khi tus ceg ntawm loj hlob raspberry rau cov kev txhawb zog.
Kev txhawb kuj yog yuav tsum muaj rau cov nroj tsuag xws li clematis, peas thiab txiv quav ntswv nyoos.
Pruning
Circumcision ntawm remontant raspberry ntau yam yog tsis ntau sib txawv los ntawm hais tias ntawm dog dig sawv daws yuav. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog yuav tau txiav txim siab ua ntej rau koj tus kheej seb koj puas xav tau txais cov qoob loo ntawm thawj xyoo tua los yog xav tshem tawm lawv, raws li nws tshwm sim nrog cov yam zoo tib yam. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub tua uas twb tau yug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yuav tsum tau sab laug thiab khoov mus rau hauv av, thiab nyob rau hauv ob - txiav yuav luag rau hauv av.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Ua ntej koj ntaus lub txias, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug dej irrigation, nyob rau hauv thiaj li muab lub keeb kwm thiab hauv av nrog ib tug ntxiv nqi ntawm noo noo. Tom qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dhau los lawm, txhua tus tua yuav tsum muab txiav mus rau hauv av thiab seb tag nrho cov hauv paus system yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv npog npog. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tawm hauv cov tua, ces koj yuav tsum khoov rau hauv av thiab txhim kho lossis nphoo nrog lub ntiaj teb. Yog hais tias winters nyob rau hauv koj sawv tsis yog snowy - ua ntxiv vaj tse nrog kev pab los ntawm polyethylene zaj duab xis. Saib xyuas uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kom tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv npog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm thiab stems tsis mired.
Yog li, peb cia siab tias qhov tsab xov xwm no tau pab koj tuaj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis meej txog seb koj puas yuav tsum cog qoob loo zoo li koj cov zaj lus. Saib xyuas nws kom zoo, tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev xav tau cov dej tsis tu ncua thiab nws yuav muab nqi zog rau koj.
