Nutrients (macronutrients) yuav suav tau tias yog cov uas pab cov nroj tsuag loj hlob thiab loj hlob. Tsis muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho yog txaus ntshai rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tsob nroj. Grapes tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab picky txog enriching cov av nrog muab kev pab cuam. Tias yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txhua tus gardener paub yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas fertilize grapes nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab uas fertilizer yog haum rau nce lub tawm los.
Yuav ua li cas muab kev pab cuam ua grapes xav tau
Grapes xav tau ntau yam kev pab cuam. Thaum cog, nws yog ib txwm pom zoo kom coj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm fertilizer rau hauv aub tsiv. Yog li, koj tsis tas yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws rau thawj peb rau plaub xyoos, thaum cog tsis tsim qoob loo.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no xyoo nws yuav tsim nyog rau fertilize lub Bush nyob rau hauv Autumn thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Thiab rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub grapes yuav twv yuav raug hu cov nram qab no macronutrients:
- Nitrogen. Nws cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob tus nqi thiab cov tsos ntawm cov berries. Qhov ntau nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov av, lub sweeter lub berries yuav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nitrogen tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv cov av hauv ob hom: nitrate thiab ammonium. Thawj yog ntxuav tawm sai sai thiab ua raws li sai sai. Nitrogen nkag hauv nitrate los ntawm oxidizing nitrifying bacteria. Qhov thib ob daim ntawv kav ntev dua nyob rau hauv cov av, yog li ntawd, muaj ib tug ntev ntxim rau cov nroj tsuag. Qhov no yog vim nws kev sib txuas nrog cov av nplaum ntawm cov av. Cov ntaub ntawv twg yog qhov zoo dua rau cov txiv hmab nyob ntawm lub pH ntawm cov av, thiab nws cov hom (loamy los yog xuab zeb). Cuam tshuam lub caij nyoog ntawm dej.
- Phosphorus. Rau grapes tsis tsuas yog high phosphorus cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov av, raws li rau lwm cov qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov tsawg theem ntawm cov khoom no, cov txiv hmab yuav tsum tsis loj hlob thiab yuav pib nthuav dav heev, thiab cov hauv paus hniav yuav pib qaug zog. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis tu ncua pub no lub keeb kom lub metabolism, uas nyob rau hauv uas phosphorus ua raws li ib tug ruaj lim, yog tag nrho tsim.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Violet me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj ntawm txiv hmab yuav qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj phosphorus.
- Tshuaj Ntshaw. Qhov kev pabcuam no yog yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov txiv hmab thaum lub sijhawm cog qoob, vim nws muaj kev cuam tshuam photosynthesis thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej haus nitrogen. Qhov loj tshaj plaws npaum li cas ntawm poov tshuaj yog pom nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj thiab tua. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg, tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus yog tsis tseem ceeb. Nws yog ua tsaug rau potassium tias evaporation ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov av yog txo, thiab grapes withstand drought. Phaus dej yog maj mam ntxuav tawm ntawm hnyav xau. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov av yuav tsum tshaj cov ntsiab lus nitrogen.
- Magnesium. Yellowing ntawm nplooj yuav ua tau ib qho ntawm cov tsis muaj magnesium. Nws yog qhov nutrient uas pab nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm chlorophyll - ntsuab xim ntawm nplooj. Magnesium tseem muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev siv phom sij. Magnesium yuav tsum yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov nyob tus yeees ntawm chiv, vim hais tias nws muaj txhawb rau tsim ntawm tshiab tua.
- Calcium. Qhov no keeb nyob rau hauv grapes muaj ntau tsawg tshaj poov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, calcium ntau yog nyob rau hauv qub nplooj, tsis zoo li cov poov tshuaj, uas yog predominant nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Vim yog muaj calcium hauv lub teeb xau, acidification tsis tshwm sim nrog ntau qhov nag lossis daus. Calcium cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hauv paus system.
Koj puas paub? Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab mis nyuj yog zoo li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as-ham.
- Sulfur.Lub xub ntiag ntawm leej faj nyob rau hauv cov av muab cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug ua tiav protein metabolism. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob hauv cov compounds nrog calcium thiab hlau. Uas leej faj pab nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam powdery mildew thiab grape pruritus.
Tab sis sib nrug los ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam yam uas tsis muaj lub Bush yuav tuag, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev pabcuam kab kawm (cobalt, sodium, txhuas, thiab lwm yam).
Yog tsis muaj lawv, cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm pib, tab sis yog hais tias ib txhia ntawm cov kab kawm yog ib feem ntawm cov av, lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm yog tsis grapes grapes. Piv txwv, yog tias muaj me ntsis potassium tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov av, ces sodium tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem no.
Hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog tau ob qho tag nrho cov mineral, thiab cov organic chiv. Txij thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav no txoj kev siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob theem, kev hloov ntawm chiv yog ua tau, thiab qhov kev xaiv ntawm sib txuas lawv yog ua tau.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus neeg laus bushes yog them tsawg mloog, preferring cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg uas tau nyuam qhuav pib los ua cov qoob loo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum xaiv chiv, them sai sai rau cov tshuaj dawb hauv lawv. Ib qho dhau ntawm chlorides nyob rau hauv cov av yuav ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tawm los.
Peb yuav to taub dab tsi koj muaj peev xwm pub lub grapes nyob rau hauv hauv paus nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. 
Organic fertilizer
Organic teeb meem yog suav tias yog feem ntau tseem ceeb fertilizer, txij thaum nitrogen, tooj liab, hlau, boron, sulfur thiab ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus yog ib txhij muaj nyob rau hauv nws nyob tus yeees.
Cov hom no muaj xws li:
- humus
- manure
- noog dej
- humus
- compost
Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog muab los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag pov tseg, ua tsaug uas lawv muaj cov kab mob uas pub cov as-ham thiab kev ntxim siab micelaws rau absorbed hauv cov av.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li npaj organic manure raws li fertilizer, koj yuav tsum tau:
- 1 qhov quav
- 3 seem ntawm dej.
Kawm yuav ua li cas siv nqaij npuas, nyuj, yaj, luav, nees av kom fertilize koj lub vaj.
Sib tov txhua yam hauv lub khob thiab cia nws brew rau ib lub lim tiam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov ua kom muaj pes tsawg leeg txhua txhua hnub - qhov no yuav ua rau nkev tawm.
Siv cov tshuaj uas twb tau npaj lawm los ntawm qhov quav koj xav tau 10 liv dej. Nyob rau hauv no tus nqi yog ntxiv 1 liter ntawm kev daws thiab sib tov meej. Yog tias koj muaj hmoov tshauv, koj tuaj yeem sib ntxiv los ntawm cov dej thiab ua slurry. Tsuas yog xav tau 200 grams tshauv.
Tib txoj kev ntawm kev npaj chiv yuav siv rau lwm hom organic teeb meem. Lub ntsiab yog lub fermentation ntawm fertilizer tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub lim tiam. Txoj kev no muab ib qib siab ntawm nitrogen.
Organic fertilizer - qhov no yog raws nraim li cas koj xav tau pub tus txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab qhib. Lawv yuav pab tau lub Bush rov tom qab lub caij ntuj no.
Pob zeb hauv av chiv
Qhov no hom fertilizer faib rau ob peb subspecies: ib feem, ob-feem thiab multi-feem. Thawj ob subtypes muaj xws li potassium ntsev, nitrophosphate, superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, sulfur, boron.
Ntawm qhov feem ntau ntawm kev cog hniav "Mortar", "Kemira", "Akvarin". Tab sis pob zeb hauv av tsuas muab cov txiv hmab tsuas pub ib qho ntxiv pub xwb thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov av ntawm cov av li organic.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog pom zoo kom ua ke ob hom chiv. Piv txwv li, 10-14 hnub ua ntej flowering, koj muaj peev xwm pub ib tug mullein nrog ntxiv ntawm granulated superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj-magnesium fertilizer. Rau qhov koj yuav tsum tau:
- mullein kua (1 liter mullein ib 10 liv dej);
- 25-30 g ntawm superphosphate;
- 25-30 g ntawm poov tshuaj-magnesium fertilizer.
Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias superphosphate tsis dissolve nyob rau hauv dej, yog li nws yuav tsum tau thov nyias cais mus rau cov av. Ua li no, khawb ib tug me me zawj 15 cm los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Bush. Cov zawj yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 5 cm sib sib zog nqus.Muaj txhij ua ke ntawm superphosphate muaj, npog nws thiab hliv nws nrog ib tug me me ntawm cov dej. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv potash-magnesium fertilizer mus rau lub thawv nrog daws ntawm mullein. Nrog stirred, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom ncuav tawm nyob rau hauv kav dej rau watering ntawm grapes.
Yog tias koj tsis muaj ib qho, ces khawb ib qhov zawj ntawm lub voj voog nrog lub voj voog ntawm 30 cm, nws qhov tob yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 20 cm.Thaum tom qab ntawd, kos cov chiv. Thaum twg koj tau siv xws li pub, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau poured lwm 10 liv dej ntshiab.
Koj puas paub? 80 txhiab square km ntawm lub ntiaj chaw yog cog nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tab sis muaj qee zaum muaj thaum tsis siv mullein. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej, thiab qhov kawg khoom nws tus kheej muaj ntxhiab tsis hnov tsw. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, noj ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej flowering yuav tsim los ntawm nitrogen fertilizer - urea. Rau qhov koj yuav tsum tau:
- 80 g ntawm urea;
- 10 liv dej;
- 40 g ntawm superphosphate;
- 40 g ntawm poov tshuaj-magnesium fertilizer.
Kev npaj pib nrog ntxiv ntawm superphosphate mus rau cov av - fertilizer yog ntxiv rau lub dug zawj thiab watered. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tank nyob rau hauv uas muaj 10 liv ntawm dawb huv dej, ntxiv qhov muaj nqis ntawm urea thiab poov tshuaj-magnesium fertilizer.
Tag nrho cov tshuaj yog sau nrog cov kav dej rau dej los yog ib qho zuam khawb av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Bush.
Foliar saum khaub ncaws
Foliar khoom noj khoom haus kuj tau ua rau ntau theem. Nws yog yuav tsum tau, vim hais tias tsis yog tag nrho kab kawm yog tag nrho absorbed by grape keeb kwm.
Yog li ntawd thawj daim ntawv thov foliar tuav peb hnub ua ntej flowering. Rau nws cov kev npaj nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau noj 5 g ntawm boric acid thiab 10 liv dej (qhov no yog raws li ib tug Bush).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Boron ua tau txaus ntshai rau cov txiv hmab hauv qhov loj. Tab sis qhov tsis muaj cov kab cim no ua rau nplooj ntoos necrosis.
Cov khaub ncaws ob foliar tuav 10 hnub tom qab pib ntawm flowering. Rau nws yog ib qhov ua tau los siv phosphate chiv thiab tshem tawm ntawm nitrogen.
Paub tias lub sijhawm rau kev noj cov zaub mov tsis txaus yog tsis txaus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog to taub qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm ntau yam loj heev-thiab micronutrients. Piv txwv, zinc yog tsis zoo los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov txiv hmab, yog li txau ntawm cov zinc los yog nws cov oxide yuav zoo dua. 
Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog siv rau cov av xuab zeb nrog lub siab pH. Lwm cov zauv, tsis ntxiv yuav tsum zinc spraying.
Cov tswv yim pab
Yuav kom noj lub grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog txaus ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no.
- Nco ntsoov siv thawj zaug pub mis thaum muaj huab cua zoo. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias hauv qab hnub tom qab nws tsis khov.
- Yog hais tias koj thov fertilizer los ntawm nplooj, ces xav txog qhov kub thiab teeb pom ntawm Bush. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg mob yuav muaj qhov kub ntawm + 18-22 ° C thiab cov pos huab ntuj los yog yav tsaus ntuj thaum lub ntsuas kub qis, thiab ncaj qha tshav ntuj tsis poob rau nplooj.
- Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsuag tsuag hauv qab.
- Foliar kev noj haus yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Piv txwv, qhov thib peb yog tuav 30-35 hnub tom qab pib ntawm flowering (20-25 hnub tom qab ob) nrog phosphate npaj, thiab plaub - nrog ib tug qauv ntawm phosphate-potassium ob rau peb hnub ua ntej harvesting.
Tej zaum koj yuav xav nyeem txog cov tshuaj twg siv rau lub vaj txiv hmab.
- Yog hais tias koj cov av yog xuab zeb thiab muaj tus nqi siab pH, yuav tsum tau foliar fertilizer nrog zinc tov. Nws muaj peev xwm tuav tom qab qhib ntawm Bush, ua ntej flowering.
- Organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke.
- Dub cov av yuav tsum tau muab fertilized txhua txhua peb lub xyoos. Sandy thiab loamy av yog supplemented nrog cov ntxhia thiab cov organic sib txuas txhua txhua ob lub xyoos. Sandy av yuav tsum tau noj txhua xyoo.
- Nws yog ib qho tsis tsim nyog rau kev coj noj coj ua ib txhij nrog kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj tawm tsam kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Qee zaum, ua rau kom muaj cov tshuaj lom no.
- Nco ntsoov tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog lub sij hawm ntawm ntau enrichment ntawm av nrog nitrogen, thiab lub caij ntuj sov - nrog phosphorus.
- Ua ntej flowering tau ua ke ntawm foliar thiab paus dressing.
Yog li, caij nplooj ntoos hlav khaub ncaws ntawm grapes yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tu lub Bush, raws li nws yuav pab cov nroj tsuag kom zoo tom qab lub caij ntuj no. Thaum siv chiv, lo rau proportions.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias txhua tus hauv paus hniav hnav khaub ncaws yog nrog nws cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm los coj nws yog qhuav thiab sov huab cua. Yog li, thawj zaug rooting dressings yog ua 10-14 hnub ua ntej pib ntawm flowering, thiab ob - 10-14 hnub tom qab pib ntawm flowering.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, tib cov chiv kom siv tau. Ntxiv lub hauv paus compositions yog thov rau thawj zaug ob peb hnub ua ntej flowering, thiab lub thib ob lub sij hawm - 10 hnub tom qab flowering. Tsis txhob neglect chiv, uas tsis tsuas yog khaws cia lub tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tab sis kuj nce lub tawm los.
