Ntawm tag nrho cov qoob loo muaj qoob loo yog spinning. Ntawm chav kawm, loj-tshwj xeeb ua liaj ua teb tuav thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv cov cultivation, tab sis cov tswv ntawm loj lub caij ntuj sov cottages yog maj catching mus txog rau lawv. Ntau tus xav paub txog txoj kev muab paj rwb. Peb paub ntau ntxiv txog cov paj rwb twg thiab nws zoo li cas.
Qhia qhov tseemceeb
Qhov no yog ib lub npe heev rau ib hom kab mob uas nws koom ua ke ntau tshaj 50 hom tsiaj. Lawv faib ua ke nrog ob lub foci - Is Nrias teb thiab Asmeskas. 
Tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no yog ib tus herbaceous ib tug los yog ob xyoos. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab lawv muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 2 m. Lub rhizome tseem ceeb tsim, mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj 30 cm.
On woody qia hauv qab, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, sab ceg (8-15) yog launched. Ceg ceg raug faib ua ke kev loj hlob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thawj yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qia thiab pib ntawm ib qho mob siab. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus saum lawv, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub inclination yog me. Nws yog nyob rau lawv tom qab qhov tsos ntawm paj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thawv raug tsim. 
Yoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 3 los yog 5 lobes yog nruj me ntsis alternate, nrog oblong petioles pom on lawv. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ntau yam, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ceg loj hlob los ntawm sinuses ntawm 3-4 nplooj, thaum nyob rau hauv tom qab ntau yam lawv tshwm nyob rau ntawm 5-7 nyob rau hauv ib tug kab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Paj rwb yog thermophilic heev. Cov noob tau nrawm nrawm nrawm ntawm + 22 ° C ... + 24 ° C, whereas rau qhov qub pob paj thiab flowering koj xav tau + 25 ° C ... + 30 ° C.
Loj ib zaug ntawm cov xim txawv (feem ntau yog dawb los yog daj) muaj ib txoj hlua ntawm 3-5 nplaum thiab ob lub toothed calyx, uas nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw loj peb-lobed wrapper. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya Hli Ntuj-Cuaj hlis koj tuaj yeem pom li cas lub paj qhib thaum sawv ntxov, thiab los ze zog mus noj hmo lawv tig liab me ntsis (koj tuaj yeem pom cov paj rwb zoo nkauj hauv daim duab). 
Tom qab cov xim hloov mus rau xim liab, lub paj qhuav thiab poob tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hlis thiab Lub Kaum Hlis, lub thawv-puab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm oval los yog hloov hloov dua. Muaj peev xwm muaj txog li 200 lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem.
Thaum ripe, lub thawv tawg thiab crumbles, 5-10 oval noob poob tawm ntawm nws, them nrog fibers 5-45 hli ntev. Los ntawm ib lub thawv tshem tawm ntawm 2 mus rau 10 g ntawm raw.
Cov txheeb ze ntawm paj rwb los ntawm Malvaceae tsev neeg yog Mallow, Stockrose, Hibiscus.
Hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog plaub hom paj rwb:
- zoo tib yam (nws yog Mexican);
- Peruvian;
- tsob ntoo;
- grassy.
Qhov xaiv ntawm ntau yam nyob ntawm qhov kev mob ntawm cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas lawv loj hlob ib hom paj yeeb. Nyob rau sab Europe, Transcaucasus thiab Central Asia, lawv ib txwm ua tau cog kev zoo ib txoj kab nrog qis qis thiab luv fibers. Cov hom ntxiv rau peb cov latitudes yog suav tias yog "exotics."Koj puas paub? Txhab muab hloov ntau yam yog tsis tsuas yog bred, tab sis yog nquag cultivated. Piv txwv li, hauv Australia, lawv cov koom hauv cov qoob loo muaj ntau dua li ntawm 80%, thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig hauv xyoo 2004.
Qhov chaw nyob hauv kev sib hloov
Tus yuam sij rau tus zoo sau yog siv cov alfalfa hauv cov qoob loo cog. Qhov no kab lis kev cai ua tau zoo dua cov av muaj pes tsawg leeg, pab rau noog humus. Tom qab nws tsaws, hauv av tau txais zoo drainage, ib txwm huab cua ncig nyob rau hauv txheej txheej.
Xws li "multi-field" zoo li no: 6-7 liaj teb rau paj rwb yog "npaj" los ntawm 2-3 phom alphifalfa massifs. Yog hais tias alfalfa tsis cog, tsis txhob txhawj: tsis muaj grain thiab legumes yog suav tias yog cov neeg ua ntej zoo nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov no kuj siv rau qab zib beets nrog pob kws. 
Npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej sowing, koj yuav tsum kawm ntau ntxiv txog qhov twg, on twg xau, paj rwb zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub tswv yim zoo tshaj yuav yog cov av tsis muaj ntsev "tsheb khiav jams." Cov dej hauv av yuav tsum muab faus tob tob - waterlogging yog tsis zoo. Cov av yuav tsum raug coj mus rau qhov xav tau los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, nyob rau hauv ntau theem.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov qoob loo cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm paj rwb yog ntau yam txiaj ntsim ntawm cov khoom cultivate. Agronomists tau suav hais tias thaum muaj "pauv" nrog alfalfa, li ntawm 20% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv dej thiab ntau npaum li 35% ntawm cov chiv raug cawm rau kev zov me nyuam.
Av npaj
Cov txheej xwm zoo li no raug txo rau cov kev ua hauv qab no:
- Thaum xaus lub Yim Hli thiab pib lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, cov av muab faib rau cov qoob loo yog sheared. Qhov no yog ua tiav tom qab harvesting alfalfa. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub plough yog sib tov me ntsis, los ntawm 5-6 (on hnyav xau - txog li 10) saib kom tas yuav tshem tawm cov seem noob thiab cov nroj.
- Qhov no yog ua raws li lub ntsiab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg plowing. Lub plowshares ntawm ob-tier plow yog teem rau ib tug tob ntawm 40 cm.
- Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog plowing, herbicide kev kho mob tej zaum yuav siv. Txoj kev ntawm hlawv lub maj thiab nws rhizomes yog siv heev tsis tshua.
- Salted av yog ntxiv tau ntxuav thiab loosened dua (nrog rau ib tug plough los yog ib tug cultivator).
- Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav caij nplooj ntoos hlav pib nrog ob tug ceg txhuam. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog me huab cua nws yog tau ua nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj.
- Qaug zog av yog pub nrog chiv quav raws li plowing.
- Qhov kawg theem yog "tso cai" los ntawm ib tug cultivator nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 5-8 cm.
Ntau tus ua liaj ua teb siv lub caij ntuj no, uas ua rau cov av av. Tom qab xws li noo noo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (txawm ua ntej harrowing), chiseliness yog muaj tseeb tiag. Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm landless plowing nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 8-15 cm nrog tom ntej nkag ntawm harrow. 
Noob npaj
Nyob rau hauv chav kawm yog high-zoo, conditional noob khoom sau rau Frost. Tsuas yog zoned ntau yam muab ib tug ruaj sau - "txawv" neeg tsis yog ciaj sia.
Npaj yog pretreated los ntawm mechanical los yog tshuaj lom neeg txhais tau tias. Thawj yog tshem cov ntaub qhwv (ib feem los yog tag nrho). "Chemistry" yog txo rau kev kho mob nrog vapors ntawm hydrochloric los yog sulfuric acids.
Koj puas paub? Cotton tau mus rau teb chaws Europe es tsis lig - cov Greek yog thawj zaug sim nws hauv 350 BC. Nyob hauv Is Nrias teb, lawv pib cog qoob loo hauv lub xyoo pua 7 BC, tab sis cov Egyptians, uas tau ua tiav cov khoom ua thaum ntxov li nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 3 xyoo BC, yog cov neeg pioneer.
Tseem ceeb thiab cua sov cua kub cua sov:
- Noob tuav rau saum huab cua rau 20-30 hnub.
- Rau qhov mob disinfection trichlorophenol tooj liab los yog 65% fentiuram (tsis ntau tshaj 12 kg / 1 t).
- Cia li ua ntej sowing, lawv yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej rau 9-10 xuab moos. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau hloov los ntawm kev noo noo (3 kev kho mob nrog lub caij nyoog 8-12 xuab moos). Hauv qhov no, 1-6 tons ntawm cov khoom yuav siv 500-600 l dej.
Thaum cov kev npaj tiav, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom sov thiab pib sowing. 
Sowing noob
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws av kub rau kev tov zoo yog tsawg kawg + 12 ° C ... + 14 ° C. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hurry - nyob rau hauv lub txias av lub noob yuav tsuas tuag.
Lub qauv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xaiv raws li, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov kab nris kab yog tsis pub tsawg tshaj 60 cm. Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov tswv yim zoo li no:
- 60 x 25 (zoo tagnrho rau hom ntawv dotted);
- 60 x 45 rau rectangular-nested;
- 60 x 60 nrog txoj kab-txheej;
- siv cov qoob loo qoob loo ntau ntawm 90 x 15 ("kauj ruam" tuaj yeem nce mus txog 20 los sis 30 cm).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov qoob loo ntawm nws tus kheej nyob ntawm qhov kev cog qoob cog qoob. Li no, txoj haujlwm siv zog (nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm txheej sab saum toj ntawm thaj av ntawm 5 cm) muab qhov hnyav nce rau qhov sau los ntawm 3 quintals ib hectare.
Nyob rau hauv lub zoo muab tso rau 2-3 noob, embedment tob rau zoo tib yam grey xau yog 4-5 cm (on lub tiaj nyom los yog hav iav coj me me: 3-4 cm).
Kev noj cov nqi yog nyob ntawm txoj kev xaiv, tab sis nws raug xaiv kom tshem tawm thinning hauv lub caij nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob. Daim duab no sib txawv ntawm 40 mus rau 70 kg / his. Bare noob yuav tsum muaj tsawg dua pubescent - piv txwv li, 40-42 kg ntawm "huv" noob yuav tsum tau txhaj rau 1 hectare, thaum "fluffy" rau tib cheeb tsam koj xav tau yam tsawg kawg 60 kg. Cog ntom - los ntawm 80 mus rau 120 txhiab / his. 
Cov kab tsuag tam sim tau kho nrog 80% coranoil. 1.5-3.5 kg ntawm cov khoom no yog ntxiv rau 100 l dej (hectare qib), thiab cov dej yog txau nrog ib tug dav (30 cm) stripe.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov qoob loo
Nrog cog txhua yam yog tseeb, tam sim no yog lub sij hawm kom pom li cas twb tau "coj" paj rwb zuj zus thiab dab tsi tu nws.
Watering qib nrab yuav tsum muaj, ob qho tib si pa hoses thiab dej yaug. Rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov keeb kwm, 2 dej yog ua tiav: thawj zaug thaum 3-5 nplooj tshwm, thiab lub thib ob 20-25 hnub tom qab, nyob rau theem ntawm budding. Flowering thiab tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau ntau dua meej ntxhe: 6-7 "cubes" rau 1 "weave" plantations. Lub xeem moistening yog ua tsis pub dhau 5-7 hnub ua ntej nplooj nplooj.
Koj puas paub? Kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub, tau coj los ntawm cov tom qab ntawm cov vaj ntxwv, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias lawv qhov sib npaug yog sib npaug li 500 threads ib nti. Ntawd yog, lawv denser dua niaj hnub textiles (350 n / nti)!Attendance tseem ceeb thiab sau qoobuas tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais:
- Thawj zaug - mus rau ib lub tob ntawm 8-10 cm (sai li sai tau tua tshwm).
- Tom ntej no "hu" ua ntej thawj dej.
- Raws li cov av dries tom qab watering.
Rau qhov tso cai nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub aisle, 12-15 cm yog teem, nyob rau hauv lub zes - tib 8-10 cm. 
Rau mulching yuav luag txhua cov ntawv faj seeb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus nyiam "organic". Lub ntuj tshaj plaws lub vaj tse tshua quav noob-speck. Nws txig retain moisture, tab sis nws kuj muaj ib tug drawback - siab tau (25 kg ib "weave" ntawm cov qoob loo). Straw yog tsim rau cov cheeb tsam me me, tab sis cov tswv teb feem ntau tsis txhob nteg nyom vim hais tias ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab tsuag.
Nroj tsuag tswj kuj suav nrog kev kho ntawm herbicide formulations. Thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej zoo li no nws tsim nyog los saib xyuas lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab huab cua.
Tib yam siv rau kab tsuag. Cov shovels thiab mites, aphids thiab npauj yog tsis ib txwm rhiab rau cov ntsiab lus qaug zog, whereas muaj zog "Chemistry" yog qhov phem rau cov nroj tsuag thiab av. Kom sai li sai tau xws li kev kho mob zoo li no. Pab thiab lub sij hawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau heev cuam tshuam bushes.
Fertilization
Cov paj rwb xav tau kev pub noj mov thiab teb zoo yog tias lawv raug kho. Ntawm no yog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev pub mis raws caij nyoog:
- Chiv daim ntawv thov kom pitting (tsawg kawg yog 1 tuj yuav tsum tau txhaj rau 1 hectare). Nws feem ntau hloov nrog compost nyob rau hauv tib lub koob tshuaj. Nco ntsoov ntxiv phosphorus oxide (20 kg) thiab poov tshuaj (55-60 kg). Qhov kev kho mob zoo li no yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov qaug qaug lossis thaum cereal precursors.
- Thawj cov khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws poob rau ntawm nplooj loj hlob. Nyob rau ntawm 15-17 cm los ntawm kab thiab hauv qab no 2-4 cm los ntawm dej qhov, nitrogen yog thov (35-50 kg / Ha).
- Thaum lub sij hawm lub budding poov tshuaj sib txuas tuaj rau hauv kev ua si (50-60 kg ntawm poov tshuaj oxide yuav txaus). Tab sis ntau yog twb retreating - tsis pub tsawg tshaj 22 cm los ntawm kab, mus cia tsawg kawg 4 cm los ntawm lub "waterline".
- Flowering yog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm phosphorus, feem ntau yog siv 25-27 kg.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nitrogen yog qhia kom muab cov khoom faib feem ntau: 25 feem pua ntawm cov nqi txhua xyoo ua ntej sowing, thiab cov seem - muab faib ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj raws caij nyoog.
Harvesting
Sau npe yuav siv sijhawm rau lub Cuaj Hlis-Lub Kaum Hli. Cov thawv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cheeb tsam loj) ua kom tiav thiab qhib unevenly, yog li koj yuav tsum tau siv rau ntau txoj kev. 
Thaum tsawg kawg 2 lub thawv rau tag nrho cov ceg qhib rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lawv ua cov defoliation. Nws tsis yog dab tsi li tshem cov nplooj ua ntej sau. Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj kev zoo li no yog qhov uas nws tsis pub kis tau cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag uas zes ntawm nplooj ntawv.
Ua li no, siv cov cuab yeej no:
- Ib tug sib tov ntawm sodium silicofluoride thiab calcium cyanamide nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 2: 1. Cyanamide tsis muaj ntau tshaj 40 kg / his.
- Magnesium chlorate (9-10 kg / his).
- Chlorate-chloride calcium, uas yog me ntsis qeeb qeeb.
Koj puas paub? Sib piv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo thiab cov zauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev txheeb cais tau xam tias txhua tus pej xeem ntawm ntiaj chaw siv tsawg kawg yog 7 kg ntawm paj rwb ib xyoos twg.
Thaum npaj rau kev ua ub no, nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov khoom qab zib, tsuas yog cyanamide, qhuav cov nroj tsuag ntseeg tau zoo. Tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj, li no "thawb" tsawg-txoj kev loj hlob bushes. 
Kev ntxuav nws tus kheej yog nqa tawm ntawm ob sab los yog tshuab. Cov txheej txheem tsuas yog siv tom qab tsawg kawg 55-60% ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau qhib.
Nrog ib txwm saib xyuas, txog 27-30 cuaj hlis ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab tshem tawm ib hectare.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum tawm hauv, ua ke sib sau ua ke yog ob sab. Yog tias koj tsis quav ntsej no, cov hauv paus hniav tsuas "khoov".
Recycling
Thaum pom muaj li cas thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm dab tsi ntsuas nqis paj paj yog zus, peb mus rau theem kawg.
Raw cov khoom siv yog ib txoj hau kev ntev thiab muaj zog. Nws hais txog ob tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab ntau hom kev ua haujlwm. 
Hauv ntej, txoj kev los ntawm kev sau tau txais cov ntawv nyeem zoo li:
- Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yuav raug coj mus rau cov ntsiab lus sau los yog ncaj qha rau lub tuam txhab. Thawj kauj ruam yog khaws cov quav hauv av qhuav.
- Tom qab harvesting paj rwb yog ib tug sib tov ntawm fibers thiab noob, on uas ntau ntawm av tau adhered. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb drums, fibers yog cais los ntawm tej yam impurities.
- Tom qab ntawd tus ntev fiber ntau xaiv (tsawg kawg 20 cm). Qhov no yog khoom dawb huv. Cov ntaub ntawv nyug ntev tshaj 25 cm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lawv raug tso cai rau cov khaub ncaws, nyias linen thiab chaw pw. Cov luv luv yog yav tom ntej paj rwb ntaub plaub thiab khoom ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Nws zoo li seemingly yooj yim, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug heev zog ua hauj lwm ntxiv kim li.
Tam sim no, kev kho mob paj rwb tsis pub leejtwg paub rau peb cov neeg nyeem. Hopefully, lub sowing txheej txheem kuj yuav tsis yooj yim. Zoo yields!
