Nws feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov laus dua cov ntoo ua rau nws pib qis qis dua. Tab sis, pib nrog lawv hloov, koj ua ib qho yuam kev loj: qhov kev pheej hmoo loj heev yog tias cov hluas sapling tsis noj paus, koj yuav tsum tos ntau dua los yog tsawg dua fruiting ntev, thiab koj yuav tsis nco ntsoov tias nws yuav ua rau txiv apples. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ua zoo ua rau kev txhim kho cov ntoo qub qub tuaj yeem ua lub neej tshiab rau hauv koj lub vaj, thiab koj yuav nyiam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau xyoo.
Yuav ua li cas pib pruning qub kua
Koj yuav tsum pib txhaws cov kua hauv lub qub ntoo los ntawm kev ua tib zoo kuaj xyuas cov ntoo thiab muab lub ntsiab lus txiav - txuag lossis rho tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub tsob ntoo tuaj yeem tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus txog ib puas xyoo, hos yuav luag tag nrho cov teeb meem uas tau tshwm sim nrog cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau cov kab tshuam ploj thiab ntau yam kab mob, daws tau. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hurry mus rau ib feem nrog lub qub vaj. Sim txuag nws, koj yuav tsis muaj dab tsi.Nws ua rau tsis nkag siab nrog ib tsob ntoo uas tau sim tuag lawm (qhuav los yog tawg ntawm sab hauv) thiab twb tau tas sim neej los ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tab sis yog hais tias nws yog ciaj, nws yog tsim nyog ntaus rau nws!
Pruning ntawm qub Kua ntoo zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg raws li cov nram qab no scheme:
- Peb pib nrog lub fact tias peb tshem tawm qhuav, puas thiab diseased ceg. Tam sim no, rov qab ua tib zoo saib cov yas thiab cov pob tw thiab tshem tawm txhua yam uas hinders txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab tua (qee cov ceg tsis loj hlob tawm, tab sis hauv cov yas, koj yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm lawv).
- Autumn pruning yog zoo vim hais tias nyob rau theem no koj muaj peev xwm kom meej meej pom on uas qub ceg cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis dhau lawm thiab, raws li, hais tias koj tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg tshem tawm.
- Tam sim no ib zaug ntxiv tshawb xyuas cov ntoo. Txiav txim seb qhov twg ntawm cov qub qub ceg sib tshooj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, twb tsim, thiab nqa tawm qhov tsim nyog tu.
- Tom ntej los qhov tig ntawm lub crown. Qhov siab ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua txiv yuav tsum ua kom tsis muaj ntau tshaj li peb thiab ib nrab meters thiab nyias nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kom cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg muaj chaw rau kev loj hlob thiab tib lub sij hawm tag nrho cov ceg ntoo uas nyob twj ywm ntawm tsob ntoo yog sib npaug zoo ntawm lub hnub.
- Tshawb xyuas cov twigs hluas thiab tshem tawm cov yoov uas mus tom qab ceg ntoo loj.
- Tam sim no nws yog lub sij hawm mus nrog lub saum.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sab saum toj yog hu ua vertically loj hlob cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg on ntoo uas rub on lub neej juices, tab sis tsis rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Feem ntau yog qhov ntau ntawm cov saum yog cov pov thawj ntawm kev txiav tsis tau txiav ua ntej.Peb tawm ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas ua ib lub kaum ntse ntse nrog lub pob tw, lawv yuav tsum tau muab lub neej rau cov tshiab tua uas cov txiv av qab yuav tshwm sim tom ntej.
Cov nta pruning tus neeg laus cov kua ntoo
Lub caij nyoog tsis tu ncua yog tsim nyog rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo thaum twg los muaj hnub nyoog, nws yuav tsum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej tom qab cog lub seedling. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej siv los ua txoj haujlwm no nws txawv li nws hlob.
Xyuas kom paub cov cuab yeej ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg cog ntawm ib qho kua ntoo hauv lub vaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov nta tau muaj cov ntoo hauv cov ntoo, uas yog tu xyuas kom zoo, thiab cov uas tau muaj ntau yam rau lawv tus kheej tau ntev.Koj puas paub? Nws ntseeg tias neeg raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub vaj kaj siab tom qab Eve tau pub Adas ua kua. Qhov tseeb, cov txiv ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm kev paub ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub tsis tau teev nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshaj plaws hauv Medieval Europe, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm cov sij hawm tau pom nws hauv lawv cov duab ntawm thawj lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thiab yog li ntawd lub koom haum tau sawv, ua siab ntev mus txog hnub no.Yog li ntawd Yog hais tias lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm pruning ib tug hluas tsob ntoo yog qhov tseeb tsim ntawm lub crown, ces rau ib tug neeg laus txiv tsawb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog los txhim kho uniform kev kho mob ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev coj tus ceg thiab tsim ntawm tej yam kev mob, nyob rau hauv uas qhov siab tshaj plaws kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas fruiting tua yuav ensured on skeletal ceg.
Los ntawm no pom, txhua txhua plaub mus txog tsib xyoos, cov neeg laus txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau radically rejuvenated. Cov txheej txheem yuav tshem tawm cov ceg ntoo ntxiv ntawm cov yas, kom tsob ntoo zoo, thiab koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov hauv qab no: Yog tias koj muaj kev xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tsum tau tawm hauv cov ceg ntoo ntau dua ib tus laus.
"Raws li hauv riam," ntawm chav kawm, peb cia qhuav, liab qab thiab tsis xis nyob (cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus) ceg thawj zaug. Qub ceg nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub kua-ntoo, uas pib mus rau sag, peb tshem tawm mus rau branching, los ntawm qhov chaw uas tus tshiab shoot mus los ntawm txoj cai kaum.
Yog hais tias tsim nyog, no anti-pruning pruning yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob ua sawv (nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm no thiab xyoo tom ntej): nyob rau thawj theem peb tsuas yog nrog qub ceg, nyob rau theem ob - nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab saum. 
Ntxiv nrog rau rejuvenating, thiaj li hu txhim kho pruning ntawm qub Kua ntoo tseem ceeb, uas yog nqa tawm ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv Autumn thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov txheej txheem no yog tsim nyog rau cov ntoo uas muaj kev tsim ua thiab twb tau pib tsim muaj coob tus txiv apples. Thiaj li rau tsob ntoo kom tiv nrog lub nra, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau zoo nkauj, loj thiab noj qab nyob zoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom zoo dua nyias lub paj, tawm ntau npaum li tsob ntoo tau "pub".
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev paub gardeners qhia kom tsis txhob tshem cov paj tseem ceeb rau cov neeg laus txiv apples, tab sis raws li ib tug qauv zoo qauv: xyoo no peb tag nrho tso tawm cov ceg ntoo tsawg, thiab nyob rau hauv rau tom ntej - lub sab saum toj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov qoob loo txhua xyoo los ntawm cov ceg ntoo sib txawv, cov kws txawj hais tias qhov no ua rau nws zoo dua thiab nws yooj yim dua ntawm tsob ntoo, vim hais tias cov ceg muaj peev xwm siab so lub xyoo.Yog hais tias qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub caij no yog tsis teem, qhov tseeb Autumn pruning ntawm ib tug laus neeg laus yuav txo qhov tsim ntawm flowering buds nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, yog li ntawd raws li tsis tau muaj tuaj tos lawv tawm.
Pruning ib tug qub khiav kua ntoo
Tab sis ua li cas yog tias lub kua ntoo rau ntau xyoo tsis muaj leej twg koom nrog, thiab nws hlob, yuav ua li cas? Ntawm no, ntawm chav kawm, mus ua hauj lwm nyuaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pruning ib lub kooj ciav yog ib txoj hauj lwm muaj tswv yim uas yuav tsum paub thiab kev paub. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsum soj ntsuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm tsob ntoo thiab muab nws lub neej tshiab, yam tsis tas ua kom raug mob. Tej zaum nws yuav yog kom nug ib tus kws paub tshwj xeeb kom pom cov nyiaj ua hauj lwm thiab muab tswv yim tsim nyog.
Cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev cawm dim ntawm ib lub caum khiav ua tau raws li hauv qab no:- Peb tab tom npaj rau qhov tseeb tias nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tswj nrog ib zaug xwb: koj yuav tsum tau nrog ntoo tas li, txiav nws nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Lub tsob ntoo khiav ciav qab yuav tsum muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev tswj cov pob txha txhawm rau pib tsim kom muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo txaus;
- nws yog zoo dua mus ua thawj pruning nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej pib SAP khiav, tsuas yog tau tshem cov tuag thiab puas ceg;
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum txiav tawm qhwv cov kab mob, tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob nrog txhua lub sij hawm kom tsis txhob hloov mus rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo! Cov ceg ntoo ntawm lawv tus kheej yuav tsum raug muab tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw los yog hlawv, txwv tsis pub cov kab tsuag lossis cov kab uas nyob hauv lawv yuav tsiv mus rau lwm cov nroj tsuag.
- kho tus naj npawb ntawm paj buds, raws li tau piav saum toj no;
- Nws yog ib qho yuam kev los ua kom tsob ntoo me me tawm ntawm tsob ntoo loj: xws li kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam tuaj yeem txov tau kua ntoo, vim nws tsis tshua tiv thaiv ua ntej kub tsis txias thiab ntau yam kab mob fungal.
Txoj kev uas yuav ua rau cov laus kua ntoo qhuav
Muaj ob peb txoj kev los ua kom muaj kev zoo siab ntawm kev ua lag luam qub qub, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej thiab cov khoom zoo.
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los qhia qhov txawv ntawm ob txoj hauv kev trimming - shortening (trimming) thiab thinning (slicing). Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov ceg ntau los yog tsawg dua ntog, nyob rau hauv thib ob ib ceg raug tshem tawm tag nrho, lwm tus neeg yog sab laug, raws li ib tug, tsob ntoo yog zoo lit thiab ventilated. 
Koj puas paub? Cov tsos ntawm niaj hnub Christmas-tsob ntoo decorations yog txuam nrog apples. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe nws yog customary mus dai tshiab apples on Christmas ntoo ua ntej Christmas, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug xaiv nrog zoo luag hauj lwm - loj thiab ci. Tab sis ib zaug xwm npaj ib unpleasant surprise rau cov neeg: apples tsuas yog tsis disfuas disastrously. Yuav kom tsis pub lawv tus kheej ntawm kev lom zem lub caij ntuj no, lub tuam txhab ua lag luam xav mus tshuab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kho cov ntoo Christmas nrog lawv. Lub tswv yim ua kom muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv cov xyoo tom qab lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.Yog li, lub qub tsob ntoo tsob ntoo yuav txiav ib tug txawv.
Thawj qhov xaiv primitively yooj yim: txhua ob lub xyoos peb txiav tag nrho cov ceg tsis tsuas kos rau ib metre los yog ob (nyob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kua ntoo). Qhov zoo ntawm qhov txujci no yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg tuaj tshiab uas tsis nkag siab txog kev siv cuab yeej ua teb, vim tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau mus ua tus ntoo thiab xaiv cov ceg uas txiav tawm thiab ceg twg tawm. 
Tab sis muaj ib qho teeb meem loj heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub qub tsob ntoo yog tsim tsuas yog nyob rau saum ntawm ceg, uas cia li mus nyob rau hauv pruning. Thiab muab qhov loj me me ntawm tsob ntoo laus, cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo, thiab tag nrho lub sij hawm no koj yuav raug yuam kom ua tsis tau apples, dhau mus, thiab tom qab txiav ntoo yuav noj ntau tshaj ib xyoo los kho cov lus no!
Qhov thib ob xaiv - radical: ib zaug txiav tsob ntoo thoob plaws lub crown los ntawm ib feem peb. Qhov zoo dua yog tias qhov kev ua tsis tau ncua ntev ntau xyoo, tab sis qhov rho tawm, raws li hais saum toj no, yog qhov kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm tsob ntoo tuag los ntawm tus kab mob los yog kab mob. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, ntau gardeners categorically tsis pom zoo ua li no.
Xyuas seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau yam kua ntoo rau thaj tsam txawv: lub Urals, Siberia, cheeb tsam Moscow, sab qaum teb-West, thaj tsam Leningrad.
Qhov thib peb kev xaiv yuav tsum muaj kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ceg qub qub uas tsis muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Peb xaiv cov ceg zoo li no ua ntej thiab txiav ib lossis ob xyoo xyoo no, ob peb ntxiv tom ntej, thiab ntxiv mus, Yog li ob peb xyoo peb tau txais tsob ntoo uas muaj kev txhim kho thiab tsawb, uas tsis tau ua rau muaj mob loj heev. 
Qhov kev xaiv plaub tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas nkag siab txog kev ua liaj ua teb. Yog hais tias koj tsob ntoo tsis tshua muaj kev loj hlob, peb txiav tawm ntawm cov ceg ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ntawm peb-, plaub xyoos, thiab hauv cov ntoo qub qub - ntawm kaum-theem. Cov ceg ntoo luv luv los ntawm ib nrab.
Koj puas paub? Kua ntoo - thawj tsob ntoo uas neeg pib loj hlob. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev ntawm cov kua ntoo, raws li evidenced by archaeological excavations, muaj ntau tshaj li yim txhiab xyoo!Thaum kawg, lub thib tsib version, feem ntau thawj. Zoo li qhov thib peb, nws yog tsim rau ntau theem, tab sis qhov no, thawj zaug, yog ib feem ntawm lub kaum ob meters ntawm qhov tsob ntoo yog txiav tawm ntawm ib sab ntawm tsob ntoo (nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau pib nrog tshaj plaws illuminated), yog li qhov siab ntawm "trimmed" ib feem ntawm lub kua tsis tshaj peb meters. Nyob rau theem no, txoj kab txiav tiav lawm.
Peb rov ua cov txheej txheem hauv ntu txuas ntxiv tom qab tshiab tom qab cov ceg ntoo tshiab uas tsis tau tsim ntawm ceg ntoo ntawm lub tsob ntoo thiab lawv tsis pib ua qhov qoob loo zoo. Yuav tau tos txog plaub xyoos! Nyob rau theem ntawm no, peb txwv peb tus kheej tshem tawm cov tsho uas tshwm sim tom qab pib qhov pruning (ceg ntoo loj hlob ntawm txoj cai kaum, thaum tawm hauv), thiab tseem me ntsis cov ceg ntoo ntawm cov ntoo uas twb raug txiav lawm kom tsis rov tuaj. Tom qab ntawd, raws li tib lub tswv yim, peb maj prune tag nrho kua ntoo nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, peb rejuvenate lub keeb kwm nyob rau tib cheeb tsam ntawm tsob ntoo. Ua li no, ntws tawm ob peb meters ntawm lub cev, koj yuav tsum tau khawb ib qho kev sib tshuam 0.7-0.8 m sib sib zog nqus nrog tag nrho ntev ntawm kev txiav ib feem ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua. Txhua tus hauv paus txheej txheem uas yog liab qab raug txiav (rau qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv tau siv los yog ntse ntse). Tom qab ntawd nws pom zoo kom los ntxuav cov feem ntau muaj zog "stumps" nrog ib tug riam, yog li lawv yuav pib li cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg sai dua. Tom qab no, cov khoom noj sib tov sib xyaws tau muab tso rau hauv qhov hlais tawm.
Los npaj nws, tib ib feem ntawm lub compost los yog humus tov nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv thiab ntoo tshauv yog ntxiv rau cov av dug tawm ntawm aub tsiv. Tam sim no nyob rau ntawm ib sab ntawm tsob ntoo, cov ceg ntoo yuav pib nrog kev ua pauj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom rejuvenate lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Autumn, ua ntej lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua los yog, nyob rau hauv heev, simultaneously nrog pruning!Txoj kev tom kawg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis mob rau tsob ntoo, tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no, txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab nruab ntug thiab cov hauv paus ntawm cov kua ntoo yog tsis cuam tshuam. Lub pruning nws tus kheej yog ua tiav nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj no los yog heev thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias qhov nyuaj frosts yog qab, tab sis lub buds tsis tau tsis yaj.
Pruning tom qab pib ntawm SAP khiav ua rau ua rau kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau tsob ntoo. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem tom qab lub hnub tsis zoo, thaum tsob ntoo tsis dhau tas thiab yuav muaj ntau ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo.Cov nram qab no ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo hauv qab no yuav ua rau koj zoo siab heev: "Medunitsa", "Antey", "Melba", "Rozhdestvenskoe", "Northern Synapse", "Uralets", "Candy", "Pepin Saffron", "Kandil Orlovsky", "Silver Hoof "," Imrus ".
Tom qab xws li pruning, qoob loo ntawm unshorn ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo nce dramatically, thiab apples loj hlob thiab tastier.
Cov tswv yim pab
Thaum pruning ib lub qub tsob ntoo tsob ntoo, ua raws li cov lus qhia no:
- nco ntsoov tias tsob ntoo tuaj yeem tau txais kev cawmdim (yog tias tsim nyog, sab laj nrog ib tus kws paub tshwj xeeb);
- yog hais tias tsob ntoo muaj mob, nws tau tawg tawv, hollows, lwm yam zoo li - nws yuav tsum tau ua ntej kho thiab ces rejuvenated;
- Raws li txoj cai dav dav, cov kab nuv ntses yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum tsob ntoo ntawm so, tab sis hais txog cov kua ntoo, yog hais tias nws tsis txog kev txiav kev ploj, tab sis tsuas yog hais txog kev tshem cov saum, koj tuaj yeem rub mus rau tsim cov buds;
- mob, tawg thiab qhuav ceg tau thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd, thaum twg los tau lub caij, lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem tsuas ua rau tsob ntoo tuaj xwb, thiab cov ceg ntoo thiaj li raug tshem tawm, ntawm lub hauv paus;
- thawj, cov ceg loj dua yuav raug txiav, ces cov me me, thiab, raws li twb tau hais, nws yog qhov zoo uas tawm ob peb ceg ntoo dua li ib tug qub ceg (qhov tsawg dua, qhov zoo!);
- ntxeev thiab loj hlob sab hauv - ceg nyob rau hauv riam;
- yog tias ua tau, nws yog zoo dua tsis mus txiav tus ceg heev tuab, txij thaum lub qhov txhab qhib rau tib lub sij hawm qhib qhov rooj rau tus kab mob;
- cov chaw txiav yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav: peb ntxuav qhov hlais nrog rab riam thiab npog nws nrog lub voj voog, nws tuaj yeem muas tau tom khw muag khoom los yog hauv ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb hauv lub tsev muag khoom). Nws yog ua tau los siv ib tug sib tov ntawm paraffin, ceresin thiab roj (petrolatum) rau txiav seem, tab sis tsis xim! Spil los ntawm tuab ceg, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv thiab, ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Autumn peb qhwv ib zaj duab xis tsaus (koj yuav siv tau lub thoob khib nyiab lub hnab). Yog li ntawd nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tsob ntoo rov qab;
- cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tuaj tom qab pob txha yuav tsum thinned, tawm hauv cov neeg uas loj hlob ntawm lub kaum pob zeb mus rau lub cev, tsis pub tshaj ib qho ntawm ib qho ntawm 0.7 m ntawm cheeb tsam, tus so yog muab tshem tawm, cia lawv mus thawj zaug ntawm 10 cm.
Thiab qhov hauj lwm no yuav tsum tau ua, yog tias tsuas yog vim hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm ib tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib lub yub yuav twv yuav raug ntev ntev nrog ib qho kev ua tsis tiav. Yog li, yog hais tias nws zoo li koj tias koj cov tsob ntoo kua hauv nkawm laus dhau lawm thiab tsis tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, feem ntau, nws txhais tau tias koj tsis tau ua nws ntev ntev. Nws yog lub sijhawm pib!
