Dab tsi yog buckwheat, lawv paub txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis txuam nrog kev ua liaj / teb hauv lawv cov kev ua ub no. Nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qoob loo kev lag luam, los ntawm grain uas tsim cov cereal thiab hmoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug zoo thawj ntawm ntau cov qoob loo.
Vitamin PP yog tau los ntawm nplooj thiab paj ntawm qoob loo, thiab pov tseg los ntawm kev ua cov nroj tsuag - hmoov, quav nyab, thiab husks ntawm grain - yog siv raws li pub rau cov tsiaj txhu. Nyob hauv cov teb sab hnub tuaj, cov kab ntawm lub noob paj yog siv rau cov khoom hauv ncoo. Cov nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj nqis raws li ib tug zib mu nroj: los ntawm 1 his ntawm cov qoob loo koj muaj peev xwm tau txais txog 100 kg ntawm zib mu thiab txawm ntau.
Lub teb chaw ntawm buckwheat yog East thiab cov teb chaws Asia. Cov nroj tsuag tau pib rau cov qoob loo txog 4 txhiab xyoo dhau los, nyob rau hauv toj siab ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Nepal, qhov twg nws yog hu ua "dub nplej". Nws yog nyob rau hauv Grechishny tsev neeg thiab yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua liaj ua teb yog buckwheat. Nws muab faib ua ob seem: qhov ntau-leaved thiab dog dig. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus zoo tib yam.
Koj puas paub? Buckwheat haiv neeg hu ua Slavs tom qab nws tau coj mus rau lawv los ntawm Byzantium nyob rau hauv VII caug xyoo. Raws li lwm daim ntawv, lub npe "buckwheat" tshwm sim vim hais tias ntau xyoo cov kab lis kev cai raug cultivated tsuas yog los ntawm Greek monks ntawm monasteries. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, buckwheat hu ua "beech nplej vim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm nws cov noob nrog beech ceev. Li no lub npe ntawm tus genus hauv Latin: Fagopyrum -" bukovidny nutlet. "Tsab ntawv xov xwm no piav qhia txog cov qoob loo ntau hom buckwheat, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov cultivation rau cov zaub mov kev lag luam.
Diploid ntau yam ntawm buckwheat
Nyob rau hauv buckwheat diploid thiab tetraploid ntau yam yog zoned. Sib txawv ntawm lawv yog tias cov diploid muaj 16 chromosomes, thiab cov tetraploid - 32.
Yuav kom paub meej tias yuav tsum ua kom zoo, tsis hais txog huab cua thiab lwm yam sab nraud, raws li txoj cai, tsawg kawg yog ob los yog peb ntau hom buckwheat raug sown ntawm ib qhov chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Buckwheat tuaj yeem tsis tau muab cog rau ntawm qhov chaw uas tshuaj ntsuab tau siv rau cov qoob loo dhau los.
"Vlad"
Buckwheat cultivar "Vlada" yog ib qho cog qoob loo, ib qho qis ntawm qhov uas muaj siab txog ntau tshaj 1 meter. Cov nplooj yog lub plawv-peb ceg, ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, muaj me ntsis pubescence, mus rau xub pib, sessile mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub qia. Raceme, inflorescences, me me paj, daj ntseg liab xim.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog trihedral, elongated, tsaus xim av. Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog qia los ua ke, zoo branching, flowering txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening, thiab tsis kam ua kom tsob cov noob thiab chaw nyob. Sowing yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntxov, tsis txhob ncua sij hawm, vim qhov no ua rau ib tug poob ntawm yav tom ntej qoob loo.
Qhov nruab nrab tawm los yog 16.5 c / h, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov teb chaws CIS - 28.1 c / ha (2007). Cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog kwv yees li ntawm 83 hnub. Hais txog kev tsim txiaj thiab cov cereal zoo. Cov kev qhia ntawm lub nkev ntawm buckwheat grain ntawm no ntau yam yog 90.4%; cereal yield - 75.6%; cereal ntsiav - 61.8%. Lub saj ntawm porridge yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 ntsiab lus.
"Dikul"
Lub buckwheat ntau yam "Dikul" muaj morphological yam ntxwv zoo li "Vlad" ntau yam. Qav luv luv, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 70-95 cm, lub teeb ntsuab xim, nrog qaug zog pubescence. Cov nplooj yog me me, lub kaum-lub siab-puab, ntsuab, muaj qaug zog pubescence. Inflorescence racemose los yog corymbose, paj dawb thiab liab.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nruab nrab, elongated, xim av. Variety - nrab-lub caij, nws cov hlob lub caij kav txog 80 hnub. "Dikul" yog ib hom nrog zoo yield. Qhov nruab nrab yog 16,1 centners ib hectare, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 25,8 centners ib hectare (2003). Differs nyob rau hauv high school cov hauj lwm thiab groats zoo. Qhov ntsuas ntawm kev txheeb hmo yog 75%; cereal yield - 70%, cereal ntsiav - 53%. Lub saj ntawm porridge yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 ntsiab lus.
"Los nag"
Ntau cov buckwheat "Los nag" yog thaum muaj ib qho txhuam tsis hloov corymbose, uas yog nyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm kev tua. Lub inflorescence yog loj, ncav ib tug ntev ntawm 7 cm, tsis yog ib tug ntau ntawm paj. Cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug zoo-tsim lub ntsiab tua, uas muaj txog 4-6 knots.
Rau buckwheat, ib txhia ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws ntej yuav yog: qos yaj ywm, lupins, datur. Buckwheat nws tus kheej yuav yog tus thawj coj zoo heev rau: oats, qab zib beets thiab qos yaj ywm.
Qhov ntau yam yog loj-fruited, nruab nrab-lub caij, thiab yog resistant mus rau chaw. Lub caij nyoog loj hlob ntev txog li 70-80 hnub. Grain yield - 73%, cov ntsiab lus ntawm protein - 16.3%. Qhov siab tshaj tawm los ntawm buckwheat "Nag" - 27.3 c / Ha (1991). Matures zoo, haum rau kev ncaj qha harvesting ua ke. Qhov siab tshaj yield yields on fertile xau.
"Carmen"
Buckwheat ntau yam "Carmen" - lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm diploid ntau yam, determinant, upright nroj. Cov nplooj muaj ntsuab, lub plawv zoo li thiab cov voos hauv duab, rau saum qia xub-puab, sessile, nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog thiab tsis pubescence.
Inflorescence ntom, racemose, nyob rau ntev peduncles. Lub paj yog xim liab daj ntseg, me me. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog trihedral, muaj ib lub pob zeb diamond, tsaus xim xim av. Nruab nrab yield - 17.3 c / puas; tshaj plaws sau tseg - 24.7 c / his (2003). Lub caij zuj zus yog txog 79 hnub.
Cov qoob loo ntawm cereal - 67.7%, cereal ntsiav - 65%, saj ntawm cereal yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 ntsiab lus. Nws yog ntxwv ntawm vertically sawv stems, zoo branching, flowering thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntxuav - ob theem.
"Klimovka"
Buckwheat ntau yam "Klimovka" yog mid-lub caij, resistant rau chaw pw thiab yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo (grain). Lub caij nyoog loj hlob yog pib hnub 79 xyoo. Qhov siab ntawm lub qia yog 98 cm Tus tawm los ntawm buckwheat ntawm no ntau yam yog es high, qhov ntsuas qhov nruab nrab yog 17,4 centners ib hectare. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntej rau Klimovka yog leguminous cov qoob loo, fertilized lub caij ntuj no thiab txhua xyoo grasses.
"Sapphire"
Cov nroj tsuag muaj ib pob hollow articulated ribbed, ncav ib qhov siab tsis tshaj 75 cm. Cov nplooj yog nruab nrab loj, ntsuab hauv xim, hauv lub plawv-voos duab, tig mus rau hauv sessile, laim ntog, tsis pubescence thiab waxy txheej. Racemose inflorescence, on ib ntev peduncle, me me-qhov loj qhov paj, dawb-liab.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog trihedral, pob zeb diamond-puab, xim av. Sowing buckwheat ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thawj - ob xyoo ntawm May, tsis suav qeeb, raws li qhov no leads mus rau tawm los poob. Differs nyob rau hauv zoo flowering thiab ripening ntawm grain. Sredne-tsis ruaj tsis khov cov noob thiab chaw nyob.
Buckwheat "Sapphire" muab ib qho zoo heev tawm los, qhov ntsuas nruab nrab yog 22.5 c / his; qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 42,6 centners ib hectare (2008). Cov nroj tsuag ntev txog 86 hnub. "Sapphire" nyob rau hauv zoo yog hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntau yam thiab yog qhov zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cereal zoo. Cov qoob loo loj, qhov kev ntsuas ntawm lub cev yog siab - 91%. Qhov zis ntawm cov cereal yog 73.3%, cereal kernels - 56.7%. Qhov saj ntawm porridge yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 points, croup muaj 14.5% cov protein.
"Darkie"
Qhov ntau ntawm buckwheat "Darkie" muaj ib qho erect ribbed hollow qia, uas xaus nrog ib txhuam. Cov nroj tsuag ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 72 mus rau 102 cm Cov nplooj yog txiav ib qho, lub plawv-voos, ntsuab, tsis muaj quav thiab pubescence.
Racemes, zaum ntawm ntev peduncles ntawm 8-14 nyob rau hauv ib tug txhuam. Paj ntawm daj ntseg liab xim, grain trihedral, liab qab, pob zeb diamond-puab, xim dub thiab xim kasfes. Cov nroj tsuag muaj ib qho nruab nrab tawm los, txog li 14.3 c / his.
"Aronia"
"Dub" buckwheat yog bred los ntawm ntau yam "Yubileinaya-2" los ntawm txoj kev xaiv ntawm tus kheej. Qhov no nws yog ib tug ntau yam ripening, nws loj hlob rau lub caij no tsis ntau tshaj 75 hnub. Lub stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj siab, txog 100 cm siab, muaj zoo branching. Lub Bloom yog zoo, tus phooj ywg, lub paj yog dawb.
Buckwheat txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Chokeberry "muaj cov kabmob uas muaj 14 thiab 17% muaj protein ntau, nws muaj cov khoom siv zoo thiab zoo lis, cov qoob loo ntawm cov cereal yog siab - nce mus txog 77% Cov nroj tsuag muaj mob tsis muaj zog rau qhov chaw kom muaj kev yoog raws li kev cog lus agrotechnical aav.
Tetraploid buckwheat ntau yam
Tetraploids ntawm buckwheat yog pom los ntawm nce tawm los, loj graininess, high protein cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muaj qaug zog rechargeability thiab fallability. Xav seb yam twg yog hom tetraploid.
Alexandrina
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj "Alexandrina" muaj ib txoj hlua khi uas muaj peev xwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm 89 cm Cov nplooj nplooj ntsuab, lub plawv zoo li, zoo li lub ntsej muag, dhau mus ua sessile, tsis pubescence thiab cov deposits. Inflorescence yog corymbose, nyob rau ntev peduncles, paj yog loj, daj ntseg liab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog elongated, triangular, tsaus xim av. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm ntau yam Alexandrina yog 18.1 c / Ha; qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 32.7 centners ib hectare (2004).
Cov nroj tsuag ntev ntev li ntawm 87 hnub. Cov cwj pwm ua hauj lwm thiab cov cereal muaj siab. Cov qoob loo ntawm cereal - 68.2%, cereal ntsiav - 63.7%. Pom zoo thaum ntxov sau ntawm buckwheat ntawm no ntau yam, sowing lub sij hawm tsis pub dhau thawj xyoo xyoo ntawm May. Thaum cultivating, nws yuav tsum tau cais tawm ntawm diploid cov qoob loo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntxuav - ob theem. Nws nta zoo nkauj flowering thiab zoo ripening ntawm grain, moderately resistant mus shedding ntawm grain thiab chaw nyob.
"Bolshevik-4"
Ntau qhov "Bolshevik-4" yog ib lub zog, siab qis, ncav cuag 1 meter. Cov qoob loo loj thiab sib npaug (91-100%), uas yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws. Ua ntej kev tawg ntawm lub lis piam tsis yuav tsum rov sib cais rau hauv cov zauv, uas muab cov qoob loo zoo ntawm cov cereal - txog li 86%.
Lub saj ntawm porridge yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein nyob hauv cov nplej yog heev siab - 15-16%. Qhov nruab nrab yield - 19.1 c / his, qhov siab tshaj plaws - 32.2 c / ha tau kaw nyob rau hauv 2008. "Bolshevik-4" thaum lub caij nruab nrab, lub caij nyoog loj hlob tuaj ntawm 68 txog 78 hnub. Differs nyob rau hauv lub nce tsis kam mus rau frosts, qhov chaw nyob thiab poob ntawm grain.
"Eliyas"
Tsi "Eliyas" - ib qho cog qoob loo, muaj qhov qis qis qis. Cov nplooj yog lub plawv-voos, ntsuab, tig mus rau hauv ib tug sessile xub-puab, tsis muaj siv quav ciab thiab pubescence. Racemes inflorescences, loj paj, lub teeb liab. Cov qoob yog loj, diamond-puab, trihedral, tsaus xim av.
Qhov nruab nrab tawm los yog 17.1 centners ib hectare, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 33.2 (1997). Cov zis ntawm cov cereal -73-74%. Tus nroj tsuag yog moderately resistant mus rau chaw nyob thiab shattering, tsiag ntawv los ntawm zoo flowering thiab ripening. Qhov zoo tshaj los ntxuav - cais. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tawm los yog nyob rau nruab nrab loamy thiab lub teeb xau, nrog dav-kab sowing, nrog ib tug seeding nqi ntawm buckwheat 1.2 lab pcs / his.
"Lena"
Nqaij ntau yam "Lena" yog tetraploid determinant cog ntawm upright hom. Nws muaj ib tug ruaj ribbed hollow qia, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 95 cm, lub teeb ntsuab xim. Cov nplooj yog ntsuab, wavy, lub plawv-peb sab, tsis pubescence. Inflorescences ntom, racemes, ntev peduncles, paj dawb-paj yeeb.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog rhombic, loj, triangular, xim av. Qhov ntau yam yog nruab nrab lub caij; lub caij nyoog loj hlob yog li ntawm 88 hnub. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov qoob loo yog 13.8 c / his; qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 25.5 centners ib hectare (2003). Technological thiab grain ntsuas yog siab, lis nws tseem zoo - 99%. Cov qoob loo ntawm cereal - 72%, cereal ntsiav - 55%.
Lub saj ntawm porridge yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 ntsiab lus. Thaum ntxov seeding nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo los yog thib ob xyoo ntawm May yog pom zoo rau hom no. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntxuav - ob theem.
"Martha"
Martha yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus tshiab tetraploid buckwheat ntau yam. Tus nroj tsuag yog indeterminate, erect, lub qia yog hollow, ribbed, ncav 1 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Cov nplooj yog nruab nrab, ntsuab, lub plawv-puab, triangular, laim ntog, tsis pubescence thiab wax ntaub. Lub inflorescence yog raceme, paj loj, daj ntseg xim liab.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog trihedral, pob zeb diamond-puab, tsaus xim av. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los yog 19.1 feem pua ntawm ib hectare, lub siab tshaj plaws tawm los yog 35,7 centners ib hectare (2008). Cov nroj tsuag ntev yog ntev - 94 hnub. Qhov ntau yam yog qhov tseem ceeb, muaj cov khoom siv thiab cereal zoo.
Buckwheat feem ntau tawm tsam xws li kab tsuag: Cockchafer, nas, wireworms thiab nematodes.
Cov qoob loj yog qhov loj, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab siab - 97.9%, cov cereal tso tawm yog 72%, cereal ntses yog 74.8%. Lub saj ntawm porridge yog kwv yees li ntawm 5 ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm protein yog 14%. Nws tseem yog pom zoo thaum ntxov sowing, tsis txhob ncua, thiaj li tsis poob hauv tus nqi ntawm cov qoob loo. Thaum cultivating, nws yuav tsum tau raug rho tawm los ntawm diploid ntau yam.
"Minsk"
Lub buckwheat ntau yam "Minskaya" yog bred los ntawm cov qauv ntawm ntau xaiv ntawm cov khoom tsim tau zoo heev thiab cov offspring ntawm "Istra" ntau yam. Nroj tsuag "Minsk" siab, tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov zoo branching. Paj yog loj, dawb. Loj grain.
Qhov nruab nrab tawm los yog 12.3 -25.4 q / his. Cov nroj tsuag yog mid-lub caij; lub sij hawm vegetative ntev li ntawm 79 mus rau 90 hnub. Nws muaj cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom noj zoo, cov qoob loo ua tau zoo - 73%, cov ntsiab lus ntawm protein - 16.8%. Zoo blooms thiab matures, resistant mus rau chaw nyob.
