Cov kabmob loj hlob ntev ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaws sab qab teb. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov kev ua liaj ua teb yog xav tias yog thermophilic. Tab sis ua tsaug rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm breeders, lub cultivation ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals, nws cog thiab cultivation ua tiag tiag. Tam sim no viticulture tsis tsuas zoo tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Urals, tab sis kuj pom ib tug high tawm los coefficient.
Koj puas paub? Grapes yog ib qho qub qoob loo. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws cov kev taw qhia rau cov kab lis kev cai pib hauv Esxias lub teb chaws (Pakistan, Iran). Nrhiav pom hieroglyphs cov ntawv depicting nplooj thiab bunches ntawm cov txiv hmab. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los no nws suav hais tias yog siv qoob loo ua liaj ua teb.
Grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals: qhov kev xaiv ntawm ntau yam rau loj hlob
Lub ntsiab qauv rau kev xaiv ntawm Ural grape ntau yam yog Frost tsis kam thiab thaum ntxov ripening. Nws yog zoo dua mus xaiv zoned ntau yam. Lawv tau txais kev haum xeeb rau tej qhov xwm txheej. Qhov zoo ntawm seedling nyob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Bush thiab sau. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb koj puas xav tau ib lub rooj lossis ib txoj kev zoo. Thawj yog tsim los rau khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev muag khoom, thiab lub thib ob - rau kev caw. Thaum xaiv, them sai sai rau lub sapling. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yuav los ntawm cov kws qhia paub tseeb uas tau loj hlob tuaj rau xyoo. Suav zoo heev seedlings nrog ntau yam tua. Haum ntau yam ripening 100-130 hnub thiab zam teib hauv qab -40 ° C. Mob khaub thuas-resistant grape ntau yam rau Urals:
- "Samokhvalovich" - thaum ntxov (110 hnub);
- "Olga" los yog "Zoo nkauj ntawm qaum teb" - thaum ntxov (110 hnub);
- "Negro" - nruab nrab (125 hnub);
- "Lydia" - nruab nrab thaum ntxov (125 hnub);
- "Dawb Muscat Shatilova" - medium thaum ntxov (130 hnub).
Cov txiv hmab nyob rau hauv koog Urals qab yog cov xim zoo nkauj, nws cov cog thiab kev saib xyuas xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv. Nrog rau kev saib xyuas kom zoo, qhov no yuav tsis ntev ntev.
Cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas kom hlob grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals rau pib tshiab yuav tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam uas xav mus koom nyob rau hauv viticulture, tab sis leej twg tsis muaj kev paub nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no. Thiab nws yog tsim nyog pib nrog tsuas yog ob peb hom. Cia lawv nyias txawv nyias hauv lub cev thiab xim. Thaum xaiv ib sapling, them sai sai rau hauv paus tsis overdried. Nws yog zoo dua los xaiv seedlings nws paus system yog ntim rau hauv ib lub hnab yas. Lawv yuav tsis tshaib plab thiab noj cov cag thaum tsaws. Thaum sau lub sij hawm los, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 6-7 thiaj muaj sijhawm los saib tag nrho cov qoob loo ntawm ntau yam. Nyob ntawm seb qhov zoo ntawm lub grapes, koj muaj peev xwm sau li 8 kg ntawm qoob loo los ntawm ib Bush.
Koj puas paub? Rau cov pib tshiab tsim ntau yam: "Aleshenkin", "Nyob rau hauv Nco ntawm Shatilova", "Nyob rau hauv Nco ntawm Dombrovskaya". Lawv tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis tas yuav tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Cov txiv hmab hauv lub koog Urals qab mus tau ceev ceev, nws cov ntau yam muaj ntau thiab ntau dua thiab feem ntau tshwm tshiab. Twb muaj txog li 500 yam. Ntawm lawv, ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov tsiaj uas tsis raug cov mob fungal.
Nta cog cov txiv hmab hauv lub Urals
Thaum xaiv ntau yam, ntau cov lus nug tshwm sim. Ib ntawm lawv, yuav ua li cas cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau disembarkation thiab npaj qhov tsaws aub tsiv. Nyob rau hauv tus, qhov no kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem loj hlob txhua txhia qhov chaw, yog tias nws zoo tu. Tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau sau yuav scarce. Cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals yog ua tau thiab tiag tiag tiag. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog mus yuav ib tug zoo sapling thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm cog.
Xaiv qhov chaw tsaws chaw
Cov qoob loo ntawm Bush ntawm nyob ntawm seb nws yog cog. Lub chaw xaiv yuav tsum yog hnub ci, qhuav thiab qheb li sai tau. Cov av yog xoob, noj zoo. Nws yog zoo dua mus cog ib sapling deb los ntawm cov ntoo thiaj li hais tias lub crown tsis ntxoov nws, thiab keeb kwm tsis sib tw nrog lub keeb kwm ntawm grapes. Cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv ntawm hmoov av, yog tias lawv cog rau ntawm txoj kev, thiab ntawm nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov dej hauv av yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze rau hauv av. Ib qho chaw zoo nkauj nyob rau sab qab teb los yog sab hnub poob sab hnub poob.
Txoj kev npaj tsaws
Kev npaj ntawm planting aub tsiv yog ua 2 lub hlis ua ntej cog lub seedling (Lub peb hlis ntuj-Plaub Hlis). Qhov luaj li cas yog 1 mx 1 m. Tus dej tsaws tsag dej tau txua ob peb zaug kom khom thiab cog cov av. Xuab zeb, humus yog poured rau hauv qab, fertile av tov nrog phosphate thiab potash chiv yog ntxiv. Tom qab 2 lub hlis ib sapling yog cog nyob rau hauv ib tug npaj aub tsiv. Lub ntiaj teb yog rammed thiab watered. Yog hais tias chiv tau thov thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cog nyob rau hauv aub tsiv, ces thawj xyoo lub seedling yog tsis fertilized.
Tsaws qauv
Qhov deb ntawm bushes nyob rau hauv ib tug kab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2.5 meters, nrog txoj kev loj hlob, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob intertwined. Qhov deb ntawm kab - 2 meters. Qhov deb ntawm lub ntseej yog yam tsawg 1 meter rau zoo paus germination.
Yuav ua li cas saib xyuas rau grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals
Kev cog thiab tu cov txiv hmab hauv lub Urals yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab saib xyuas. Grapes yog tsis yog li ntshai ntawm Frost, raws li ib tug overabundance ntawm noo noo. Shrubs tig dub thiab deteriorate, thiab hauv paus rots. Tab sis, txawm nws drought siab kam, nrog ib tug tsis muaj noo noo nws hlob tsis zoo thiab Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev ywg dej, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb qhov xaiv ntau yam nws xav tau.
Ua tau zoo nrog cov cwj pwm kom zoo thiab tsim cov dej num zoo rau kev cog qoob hauv lwm hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo, xws li "Thawj", "Kishmish", "Veles", "Nizina", "Talisman", "Bazhen", "Vostorg", "Sofia" Lancelot, Arcadia, Sphinx, Rumba, Zabava, Ruslan, Kev xav, Codreanca, Chameleon, Hauv Nco ntawm Negrul, Preobrazhenie, Avgustin, thiab Laura "- thawj kauj ruam mus rau ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm hnub ci berries.
Yuav ua li cas dej txiv hmab nyob rau hauv lub Urals
High-zoo txiv hmab qoob loo loj hlob nyob rau hauv Southern Urals nyob ntawm cov dej regimes. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog av thiab nws tsis yooj yim sua kom paub tias yuav tsum tau cia siab li cas los ntawm kev nplua nuj. Txoj kev ua liaj ua teb tsis kam ua dhau ntawm kev ya raws, thiab drought kuj adversely cuam tshuam tawm thiab kev loj hlob. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm, watering tsis yog ntshaw.
Thaum xub thawj, tom qab cog, lub seedling yog watered ib zaug ib lub lim tiam. Tom qab ntawd, saib cov tsos ntawm cov nroj tsuag, watering yog nqi txhua ob lub lim tiam. Nws yog ntshaw kom ua li no nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj nrog ntau ntawm cov dej sov hauv qab hauv paus. Ntxiv cag dej hlub dhau lawm. Ib tug neeg laus cog tswm drought yooj yim dua li cog xwb. Tab sis dej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis tu ncua, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tsos lub grapes tau zoo li noj qab haus huv, tab sis lub zog rau ib tug zoo sau yuav tsis nyob twj ywm. Nws ua rau cov dej ntws sab. Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, xyuam xim rau qhov chaw hauv av. Stagnation ntawm noo noo ua rau rotting ntawm keeb kwm thiab lawv cov kab mob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Grapes on to top ntawm nplooj nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub tsis tau watered. Poured tawm burns tawm los ntawm ncaj qha tshav ntuj. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm grapes watering ua rau lub paj kom poob tawm.
Mus mulch cov av, nws yog ib qhov zoo tawm mus rau mowed nyom nyob ze lub hauv paus los yog cov nroj tsuag ntsuab manure. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, qhov xav tau rau noo noo yog tsawg, thiab breeders yog qhia kom txo los yog kom tshem tawm cov dej. Qhov xav tau rau lawv resumes thaum lub caij ntawm txhaws ntawm berries. Ib ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej harvesting, watering nres dua. Dej recharge dej yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm npaj ntawm vineyard rau lub caij ntuj no.Tom qab harvesting nws yuav tsum zoo watered (20 liv dej rau 1 Bush). Qhov no yuav cia ib tug zoo wintering. Tab sis yog hais tias cov av on uas cov qoob loo cog yog clayey, ces xws li dej yuav teeb meem. Nws kuj tsis tau siv nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj nyob hauv av. Nyob rau tej qhov chaw, dej retention irrigation yog nqa tawm 1 lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos nrog ib tug tob kua ntawm cov av.
Kev tu xyuas av
Hom kev saib xyuas av muaj xws li dub nciab. Nws pab kom cov av xoob thiab tsis muaj nroj. Haum rau cov tub ntxhais hluas bushes, thiab rau twb fruiting. Cov zaus ntawm loosening nyob ntawm seb tus mob ntawm cov av thiab dej. Yog hais tias cov av sai sai compacted, loosening yog nqa tawm ntau zaus. Txhua 2-3 xyoo, dub nciab yuav tsum tau hloov nrog lub landing ntawm sidereal kab lis kev cai. Ntev siv siv ntawm cultivation yuav cuam tshuam rau fruiting thiab mob ntawm qoob loo raws li ib tug tag nrho.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm viticulture nyob rau hauv lub Urals muaj xws li av mulching, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom zoo tshwj xeeb av av yaig thiab khaws noo noo. Rau mulching siv mog nyom, sawdust, compost, lwm yam zoo li Lawv nteg tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kab, tab sis qhov no yog ib tug txheej txheem laborious. Nws yog zoo dua los siv mulch nrog rotted, thiaj li tsis tau txais nas.
Kev siv cov ntaub npog sab qaum teb kuj muaj qhov zoo rau cov av. Pab nrog cov organic teeb meem, txhim kho lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm cov av, tiv thaiv yaig. Sideral kab lis kev cai xav tau ntau ntawm ya raws. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv lawv, lub vineyard yuav tsum tau muab nrog ntau ntawm cov dej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev!Green manure siv nyob rau hauv vineyards tshaj li 6 xyoo. Hauv paus system ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas grapes yog tsis tsim txaus mus tua rau noo noo thiab kev muab kev pab cuam nrog ntsuab manure.
Nroj noj haus
Ntsev, potash chiv, superphosphate thiab ntuj chiv yog siv rau sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws. Thawj noj yog nqa tawm thaum pib ntawm Tej zaum, thib ob nyob rau thaum xaus.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias, thaum cog grape seedlings, chiv tau sai li sai tau thov rau cov av, fertilizing lub grapes rau tom ntej peb mus rau plaub xyoo yog tsis yuav tsum tau.
Nws yog zoo rau fertilize nrog manure, nws muaj ntau ntau tseem ceeb kab kawm tshaj inorganic chiv. Nws tsis tsuas yog txau cov keeb kwm ntawm vineyard, tab sis kuj loosens cov av. Thov thiab foliar to top hnav khaub ncaws nrog rau watering ntawm grapes. Cov nplooj nqus cov as-ham zoo. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ovaries thiab caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm paj grape nplooj yog sprayed nrog ib tug daws nrog kab kawm ua ntej qhov tsos ntawm paj. Qhov thib ob lub sij hawm - tom qab flowering. Qhov thib peb - thaum ripe. Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws tsis tsuas yog txhim kho tus sau, tab sis kuj tso cai rau koj mus nce zog ua ntej hibernation.
Nyob ntawm qhov sib piv thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov hauj lwm hauv qhov kev siv ntawm qhov quav, rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo fertilizing koj siv tau yaj, nees, luav, nqaij npuas thiab nyuj quav.
Npog thiab pinching
Nroj tsuag kev tu thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov loj hlob yog ua los ntawm staking thiab pinching. Pasyonkovy kev tswj ntawm lub hwj chim Bush, nws qhov cua thiab teeb. Yuav kom txhim khu kev loj hlob ntawm stepons nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum tua ncav 15-20 cm, lawv saum pinch. Pinching muab tshem tawm tsuas yog lub saum ntawm tua. Nws yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm flowering.
Pruning grapes
Pruning grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals yog xav tau los txhim kho fruitfulness, kho qhov zoo thiab qhov loj ntawm Bush, thiab ua kom nws tau yooj yim rau kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws tau raug muab pov thawj tias nrog pruning thiab tsis tu ncua, lub saj ntawm berries zoo dua thiab txawm lawv loj nce. Thawj pruning ntawm grapes yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Feem ntau los ntawm nruab nrab lub peb hlis ntuj. Qhov kub yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua +5 ° C.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub pruning txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob pib, raws li kua ntoo khiav pib nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Txiav txhua lub tsho uas tsis muab tua. Cov tsho npab yuav raug txiav tawm thaum tag nrho lub caij nyoog. Pruning grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nyob rau hauv lub Urals txawv los ntawm yav qab teb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tsis tau - lub Bush rau lub caij ntuj sov hlob tsis muaj siab tshaj li 0.5-1 meters. Ib xyoos tom qab, pruned thoob plaws hauv woody ib feem ntawm vine. Qaug zog hlav tawm raug muab tshem tawm, tawm hauv kev muaj zog tshaj.
Kev kho mob ntawm cov txiv hmab ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag
Cov kab mob yog faib ua raws caij nyoog thiab ntev. Qhov kev cog qoob loo ua liaj ua teb yog muaj ntau yam kab mob. Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsim tawm, qhov sau qoob yuav raug cuam tshuam heev. Viticulture yuav tsum muaj kev tu ncua thiab kev ua raws sij hawm. Pib cov kab mob los yog tsis muab pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kab Tsuag ntxawm cov qoob loo thiab Bush raws li ib tug tag nrho.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, prophylactic kev kho mob yog nqa tawm. Lub tsev kho mob, tom qab lub caij nplooj hlav, nrog hlau sulfate (300-500 g ib 10 l dej). Secondary, nrog o ntawm ob lub raum - "Aktellik". Qhov thib peb lub sij hawm, thaum lub Plaub Hlis los yog lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj, yog Horus (12 g ib 10 liv dej), qhov kev kho plaub yog ua ntej ua ntej: Ridomil Gold MC (los yog Acrobat MC) - Topaz (los yog Strobe) - "Actellic". Qhov thib tsib txoj kev kho mob yuav siv thaum lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau ntawm lub ncuav: "Ridomil kub" - "Topaz" - "Aktellik".
Ntaus loj hlob nyob rau hauv Urals: yuav ua li cas los npog cov nroj tsuag rau lub caij ntuj no
Vaj tse grapes rau lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv Urals - qhov tsim nyog ua hauj lwm, uas txiav txim siab qhov ciaj sia taus ntawm Bush. Yog tias koj tsis ua raws cov cai, los yog tsis kam them rau tas nrho - cov nroj tsuag yuav tuag. Frost loj yuav rhuav lub vuab tsuab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab lub hauv paus system. Nws yog ntshaw tsis tsuas yog ua raws li nrog meej cov cai ntawm vaj tse, tab sis kuj yuav mus rau hauv tus account lub nta ntawm lub site.
Pruning thiab vaj tse ntawm grapes tsim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Ua ntej npaj rau lub caij ntuj no, tag nrho qoob loo yog harvested. Shrubs nyob rau hauv hauv paus watered nrog kom txaus dej. Yog hais tias cov dej tau nchuav rau hauv thoob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau soj ntsuam me me. Cov kua dej yuav tsum tau muab ntxig rau hauv av, yuav tsum tsis txhob poob siab. Noo noo txeem tob rau hauv av, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no av khub nce. Yog li, cov av thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog rhuab. Cov txheej txheem yog lub sij hawm siv, tab sis tsim nyog.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog thaum nws tsim nyog los npog cov txiv hmab hauv lub Urals. Peb yuav tsum pib nrog thawj Frost. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Lub Kaum Ib Hlis los sis hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj. Yav dhau los nws yog ib qhov tsis yooj yim sua, txij li pwm yog tsim los ntawm ob lub raum los ntawm noo noo. Lub vine yog muab tso rau ntawm ib tug ntoo lattice los yog ib txheej ntawm Pine koob. Npog nrog ib tug kws lij choj. Nws twb tau tau pov thawj tias zaj duab xis, uas npog lub bushes, yuav tsum dawb los yog lub teeb xim. Hauv qab nws, qhov kub nyob 1.5% siab dua. Nws siv los ntseeg tias nws yog dub uas khaws thiab attracts tshav kub. Txwv tsis pub qis thaum caij ntuj no yog siv ua kom sov dua. Yog hais tias lub bushes yog me me, lub vine yog folded rau hauv ib lub nplhaib thiab them nrog ib lub thawv los yog thoob rau sab saum toj.
Ua tsaug rau qhov zoo uas tau tsim los ntawm kev lag luam, viticulture ua muaj nyob rau sab qaum teb. Yuav ua li cas loj hlob grapes nyob rau hauv lub Urals yog tsis yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb. Nws tau los ua tiag tiag. Nrog kom cog thiab tu ntawm no qoob loo, koj muaj peev xwm ua tiav ib tug zoo sau. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, tus tawm los Performance index tau loj hlob significantly, thiab ib tug loj pes tsawg tus sib txawv ntau yam, nrog rau cov hybrid ntau yam, tau tshwm sim.
