Tawm tsam tom qab ntawm lub niaj zaus liab raspberry ntau yam, nws dub version zoo nkaus li txawv kab txawv, txij li nws yog painfully tsawg nyob rau hauv lub territories domestic. Yuav ua li cas Kuv yuav hais, txawm on muag nws tsis yog ib txwm tau mus nrhiav seedlings ntawm dub raspberry "Cumberland", uas yog vim li cas ob peb cov neeg saib xyuas txog nws cov cog thiab kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los, muab hais tias qhov no ntau yam muaj nuj nqis rau loj, maub liab doog berries thiab yog heev haum rau cultivation nyob rau hauv peb latitudes, nws yog ib qhov yuav hais tias muaj tseem yuav gardeners uas yuav siv tau cov ntaub ntawv nram qab no.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm yug me nyuam raspberry ntau yam "Cumberland"
Cumberland raspberry ntau yam tau bred nyob America thaum ntxov li 1888, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov kab lis kev cai no muaj hnub nyoog 100 xyoo.
Qhov no yog tus sawv cev tiv thaiv kabmob ntawm American lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm yug me nyuam yug los ntawm kev sib hle liab cov kab liab thiab cov saplings, ua tsaug uas cov nroj tsuag tshiab muaj ib qho kev ua kom zoo thiab cim saj. Tej zaum nws yog tus ua tsaug rau nws, zoo li qhov txawv xim, hais tias cov txiv kab ntxwv dub tau nrov heev ntawm cov chaw cog qoob loo hauv teb chaws Europe thiab Amelikas tag nrho cov xyoo no.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb tau sau ua ntej, "Cumberland" tseem tsis tshua pom nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev uas yog yav dhau los ntawm USSR.
Kev piav qhia ntawm Cumberland Raspberry
Qee cov amateur gardeners xav txog Cumberland dub raspberries yuav blackberries (nrog upright stems), tab sis kom paub tseeb tias qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, nws yog txaus kom paub koj tus kheej nrog nws cov hauj lwm. Qhov no paus-nroj tsuag tau arcuate, haib, ncaj ntev stems, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 1.5 meters.
Dub raspberry prefers fertile drained xau nrog lub teeb kom nrov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov zoo heev uas tej chaw no nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw pom kev. Stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj tsawg, tab sis nws ntse thorns, raws li tau zoo raws li nrog ua ke tsib-fingered nplooj.
Cov kab ntawm Cumberland ntau yam muaj nyob ob lossis ntau tshaj ntawm lub cev loj, thiab lawv cov me nyuam nyob ntawm ib qhov tob txog 20 cm, uas tso cai rau khawb ib txwm tsis muaj kev ntshai rau cov nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xws li raspberry tolerates ib qho kev hloov ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob tsis zoo, uas yog piav qhia los ntawm ib tug me me ntawm adventitious keeb kwm. Kev kho mob (nrog rau qhov tsim ntawm crown), yog ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm lwm yam ntawm raspberry: tua laus thiab tuag yuav tsum tau txiav.
Lub blooming ntawm dub raspberry coincides nrog blooming ntawm dog dig, tab sis lub Cumberland ntau ripens tom qab: kwv yees nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj-lub Cuaj Hli. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los tus tua, thiab thawj berries uas tshwm sim yog heev loj nyob rau hauv loj, thiab tom ntej no sawv daws yog ua me. Lawv saj heev qab ntxiag thiab zoo li ib tug BlackBerry.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab mus yuav Cumberland dub raspberry saplings, muaj txiav txim siab pib loj hlob no xyov ntau yam, ces tsuas yog xaiv lub caij ntuj no Hardy nroj tsuagvim hais tias lawv muaj qis dua ua rau siab tshaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas paub raspberries (tab sis Cumberland yog ntau pab thaum lub sij hawm qhuav ntu).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum lub caij los nag muaj qhov siab ntau ntawm qhov ntaus pob ntau yam nrog anthracnose, yog li ntawd cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau soj xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob no. Qhov no yuav cia sij hawm pib kho.
Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta uas txawv dub raspberries los ntawm niaj zaus liab, uas lom zem heev cuam tshuam lub cultivation ntawm ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug gardener yuav tsum paub hais tias:
- Cumberland tsis ua cov hauv paus hniav;
- muaj zoo drought tsis kam;
- lub berries ntawm no ntau yam tsis showered thaum ripe;
- tuaj yeem ua tau rau te frost rau -30 ° C;
- dub raspberries ntau tsawg dua yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob thiab tawm tsam ntawm cov kab tsuag tshaj li nws cov liab counterpart;
- nws tsis xav tau kev pab tshwj xeeb;
- Cumberland Bush boasts ib lub hauv paus muaj zog heev.
Koj puas paub? Lub ntsiab qhov txawv ntawm raspberry thiab BlackBerry ntau yam los ntawm blackberries yog hais tias paub tab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog yooj yim muab tshem tawm los ntawm qia.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam
Raws li kev piav qhia ntawm Cumberland ntau yam, nws yuav hais tias kev saib xyuas ntawm dub raspberries yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nyuaj heev, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog haum rau loj hlob txawm los ntawm "tub nkeeg" gardeners.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau qhov zoo (kev siab zoo rau kab tsuag thiab kab mob, qhov ceev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lawv txoj hlua zoo rau lub qia, tsis muaj cag kev loj hlob thiab kev xav tau rau vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no), muaj qee qhov cov kev tsis zoo uas kuj tseem ceeb txaus siab rau. Piv txwv li:
- cov pob txha ntawm cov berries yog tougher thiab loj tshaj cov ntawm ib tug raspberry;
- muaj ntau ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tua, uas feem ntau scratch ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum harvesting, uas yog vim li cas trellis xav tau ib trellis rau xis harvesting: los ntawm tying tus tua rau lawv zoo li lub kiv cua, koj yuav muaj peev xwm kom tsis txhob microtraumas los ntawm ntse spines;
- ntau yam xav tau ib tug yuav tsum tau garter ntawm ceg, vim hais tias lwm tus tua yuav dhau mus ntev, lawv xaus yuav poob mus rau hauv av thiab loj hlob nyob qhov twg.
Tsuas yog tias, Cumberland raspberry muaj nws cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb, tab sis paub txog tag nrho cov saum toj no nuances thiab kev soj ntsuam cov kev cai saum toj no, koj yuav twv yuav raug hu tau lub siab dav.
Lub sij hawm thiab xaiv qhov chaw rau cog raspberry seedlings
Raws li peb nyuam qhuav sau tseg, dub raspberry yog undemanding nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm loj hlob yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, nrog rau theem siab ntawm kev ciaj sia taus.
Txawm li ntawd los, kev paub gardeners paub tseeb nyob rau hauv uas cheeb tsam xws li ib tug Bush yuav muaj peev xwm coj tus loj tshaj sau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum cog Cumberland raspberries, uas feem ntau ripen nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias lub caij loj hlob pib heev nyob rau hauv nws, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog zoo dua cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg mus tau ib qho thaum ntxov sau. Txawm hais tias qhov kev pom zoo no yog tsim rau cheeb tsam nrog tsis tshua muaj zog heev, raws li ib tug me nyuam yaus nroj tsuag yuav tsis ciaj sia qhov mob khaub thuas.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov chaw thiab sijhawm ntawm cog, nws kuj yog tsim nyog xaiv cov neeg zej zog thiab cov neeg ua ntej ntawm raspberry nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam xaiv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws neeg nyob ze ntawm Cumberland ntau yam yog suav tias yog liab raspberry, tab sis nrog nws lwm ze "txheeb ze" - lub BlackBerry - lub raspberry dub tsis tau "tau nrog". Raws li rau cov predecessor nroj tsuag, nws yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj neeg tsim los cog ntau yam tom qab solanaceous cov qoob loo: txiv lws suav, eggplants, qos yaj ywm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj cov cheeb tsam xws li ib tug kab mob fungal, xws li verticillary wilting, twb tau raug pom.
Cov cai ntawm cog dub raspberries muab rau ua raws li cov cai rau qhov deb ntawm bushes. Yog li ntawd nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob cog lawv zoo ib leeg, txawm tias lub fact tias lawv tsis rau hauv paus tua. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob thickening ntawm lub landings thiab tag nrho cov teeb meem ntsig txog (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fungal kab mob).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov siab pom ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog 80 cm, thiab nruab nrab ntawm kab ntawm bushes yog txog ob meters. Kev ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua no yuav pab tsim kho thiab pab tswj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm ceg ntoo (lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib chwv nrog hauv av).
Contrary to nrov ntseeg, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob mus rau hauv tus account qhov zoo ntawm cov av ntawm lub site xaiv rau lub bushes ntawm Cumberland ntau yam. Li ntawd, fertile loamy av yog haum lub teeb thiab muaj cov qib siab cov zaub mov thiab cov as-ham uas yuav ua rau kom tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo. Thiab nws yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias tsis muaj stagnation ntawm noo noo yog cai nyob rau hauv lub loamy av, thiab nws ua kom sov so sov siab yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum tib lub sij hawm kom lub ndlwg ntawm huab cua.
Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem
Raspberry "Cumberland" yog pom los ntawm ib tug ncaj high tawm los, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub zwj ceeb ntawm cog cog thiab tom ntej kev kho mob. Tus txheej txheem ntawm cog ib tug nroj tsuag nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw mus tas li ntawm kev loj hlob yog raws li nram no:
- rau seedlings khawb pits mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 50 cm;
- sau lawv nrog humus thiab ntxiv ntoo tshauv;
- raspberry seedlings raug muab tso rau hauv pits thiab maj mam them nrog av twb tov nrog ua chiv;
- Lub cog raspberries yog watered abundantly, tom qab uas lub av nyob rau hauv lub bushes yuav mulch nrog peat, tws straw los yog rotted compost (ib txheej ntawm mulch yuav tsum 7 cm).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txij li thaum lub Cumberland raspberry ntau yam hlob siab heev thiab yoog raws, lub xyoo tom ntej tom qab cog, nws stems yuav tsum tau khi rau nruab trellis. Nws yog zoo dua los muab preference mus rau lub fanning txoj kev ntawm tying, thiaj li hais tias nws yuav yooj yim dua mus xaiv lub berries.
Flexible thiab ntev tua ntawm dub raspberry yog feem ntau siv rau tsim ntawm vaj thaj av, raws li lawv zoo tag nrho rau tsim ntau yam duab thiab arches.
Cov tswv yim rau kev tu dub rau raspberries "Cumberland"
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab, dub raspberry tsis tsim sab tua, uas txhais tau tias nws yooj yim dua tu nws (tsawg kawg yog koj tsis tas yuav ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tshem tawm cov khov thiab qhuav ceg).
Txawm li ntawd los, kom sau ib qho zoo sau ntawm maub liab doog loj berries, nws yog tseem tseem yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib ob peb cov kev cai.
Koj puas paub? Nrog tu (ua raws li lub regime ntawm watering, pub thiab pruning) nrog ib Bush koj tuaj yeem tos txog li 7 kg ntawm berries. Cumberland bushes cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws fructification los ntawm peb lub xyoo ntawm lub neej.
Lub nplua mais ntawm dej
Chokeberry tsis xav tau ntau cov dej ywg txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov tshav kub, uas nws tau yooj yim tiv. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (ze rau thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj - Lub Xya Hli Ntuj), cov dej noo ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev, yog li thaum lub sijhawm no koj yuav tsum tsis txhob vam lub ntuj qhuav heev ntawm nws lub cev thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua rau lub voj voos.
Ib tug Bush yuav tsum tau siv li 5 liters dej txhua txhua hnub (lub niaj zaus npaum li cas ntawm lub cev nqus dej los ntawm ib tug nroj tsuag yog 3-5 liv dej ob zaug ib lim tiam). Vim qhov no, yuav muaj ntau yam txiv ntoo, thiab lawv tus kheej yuav tsum txawv los ntawm ntau qhov loj me me. Raws li hom dej, qhov preference yuav tsum tau muab rau lub drip variant, vim hais tias nws yog precisely no ntau yam hais tias ntau yam nyiam.
Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas rau kev hnav khaub ncaws
Kev noj mov raws sij hawm Cumberland raspberries yog ib qho yuav tsum ua ua ntej kom muaj kev sib txig. Nws yog txaus kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem peb zaug ib lub caij twg: thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm flowering (pib ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj), thaum pib ntawm tsim ntawm ovaries (kwv yees thaum kawg ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj), tom qab sau thawj feem ntawm cov qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov no, manure diluted nrog dej nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 6 yog zoo kawg nkaus haum rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm fertilizer (thaum siv nqaij qaib manure, qhov ratio yuav txawv - 1:15). Ib Bush yuav tsum tau 10 liv ntawm xws li ib tug sib tov, tsuas yog tom qab thov fertilizer hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub Bush yuav tsum tau poured abundantly nrog dog dig dej (5 liv).
Tsis tas li ntawd, vim hais tias ntawm abundance ntawm ovaries, raspberries xav pub nrog kev siv mullein infusion tov nrog superphosphate (50 g) thiab tshauv (1 l). Fertilizer yog tseem nqa tawm tom qab lub shedding ntawm paj, thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tom qab thawj zaug sau.
Koj muaj peev xwm pub nrog siv ntawm nitrogen pob zeb hauv av chiv. Lawv muab kev loj hlob zoo thiab fruiting nroj tsuag.
Garter raspberries nyob rau trellis
Thaum loj hlob chokeberry raspberries, lub trellis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus twg lub gardener, ua tsaug uas nws txoj kev loj hlob yog hais raws li txoj kev xav nrog tseem ua ntxiv kev hloov raws li tsim nyog.
Nws yog ua tau rau nruab ib trellis sai li sai tau tom qab cog ntawm bushes (thaum pib thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub uake), muaj dug ntoo los yog hlau ncej raws ntug ntawm lub txaj. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv lawv ncab twine los yog xaim ntawm peb theem: thawj ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 0.5 m saum toj no rau hauv av, ob - 1.3 m saum toj no hauv av, thiab qhov thib peb - ​​1.6 m tshaj li hauv av.
Lub trellis yuav pib nws ncaj kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab installation. Raws li lwm txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem txhawm rau txhaws ntawm lub ntsej muag uas ze ze (muab cov nroj tsuag cog ze ntawm lawv), tab sis tsis txhob hnov ​​qab tias qhov no, lub raspberries yuav sai sai hlav nplooj, uas nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej qhov hnyav yuav pib khoov ntawm av thiab muab nce mus tshiab tua. Vim li ntawd, lub Bush yuav saib untidy.
Dub Raspberry Trim
Ntxiv nrog rau watering thiab fertilizing, gardeners feem ntau txhawj xeeb txog yuav ua li cas txiav dub dub raspberries, vim hais tias kom nws noj qab haus huv, tsis loj hlob wildly thiab coj ib tug nplua nuj sau, no tus txheej txheem yog twv yuav raug hu tsim nyog. Nws yog tsim nyog los ua ob lub ntsiab pruning ib xyoo: nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov (nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj) thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ua ntej qhov pib ntawm txias snap.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov txheej txheem ua tau kom thiaj li ua rau kom cov qoob loo ntxiv. Los ntawm shortening lub sprout ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub xyoo tom ntej los ntawm qhov chaw koj yuav tau txais cov twigs hluas, tsim ib hom kiv cua. Nws yog rau lawv hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yuav tsim zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering xaus (feem ntau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli Ntuj), koj yuav tsum xaiv cov tua uas tau mus txog ib qhov siab ntawm ob txoj kab thiab de lawv cov tsho (mus txog 30 cm), uas yuav pab tau rau sab tua kom muaj zog.
Pib ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis Ntuj mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj, tag nrho cov pob txha ntawm ob xyoos me nyuam yaus raug coj tawm, tawm tsuas yog ib xyoos mus cog (lawv tuaj yeem sab laug mus txog 50 cm). Feem ntau, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntau qhov kev kho mob, nrog txiav tawm qhuav thiab qub ceg (nrog rau lub sij hawm tuaj txog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tus txheej txheem pruning yog rov qab: muaj zog loj ntxiv tom qab luv luv, tawm ob mus rau rau plaub rau txhua). Nws pab npaj lub hav txwv rau lub caij ntuj no.
Tsis tas li ntawd mus rau sprouting tua, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg los ntawm txhua Bush, tawg, qaug zog thiab Kab Tsuag-cuam tshuam ceg raug muab tshem tawm, thiab tsuas yog 5-8 ib-xyoos-laus muaj zog tua, uas yuav tsum tau khi rau ib tug kev them nyiaj yug (trellis).
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem npaj cov kab liab dub rau lub sij hawm tuaj txog lub caij ntuj no, thiab kev xaiv ntawm qhov kev xaiv tau nyob ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob hauv cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, tau muab tias Cumberland raspberries yog qhov txawv ntawm ib qib high school ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm kuj unsound winters, koj muaj peev xwm cia li tawm hauv bushes khi rau trellislos ntawm kev ruaj ntseg zoo rau nws txhua txoj kev khiav. Yog li ntawd, tsis yog cua los yog daus tuaj yeem ua puas tsuaj rau fab.
Yog hais tias ntev thiab txias lub caij ntuj no yog xav, ces bushes tau maj mam khoov mus rau hauv av (tsis dhau tsawg) thiab nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no txhim kho cov ceg. Cov snow uas yuav nws thiaj li npog cov nroj tsuag yuav cawm nws los ntawm Frost. Nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm thawj tshav kub, lub raspberries raug tsa dua thiab khi rau trellis, tom qab txiav tawm nyias thiab diseased tua.
Soj ntsuam tag nrho cov lus saum toj no, dub raspberry yuav yooj yim siv lub hauv paus ntawm koj qhov chaw thiab yuav zoo siab nrog nws tshaj sau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm ua tiav txhua agrotechnical cai, kev tu ib tug nroj tsuag yuav tsis coj koj zoo yam teeb meem.
