Raws li txoj cai, tib neeg tsis muaj kev ntseeg hais tias qab zib beet yog tsuas yog ib qho raw khoom rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab loj loj tsuas yog cov lag luam lossis cov koom ua liaj ua teb tau koom nrog rau hauv nws cov sau qoob. Lub caij no, lub tshuab ntawm cultivation ntawm qab zib beet yog nej muaj nyob rau hauv vaj txaj paub txog txhua tus tswv ntawm ib thaj av me me.
Qab zib beet: piav qhia
Qab zib beet yog ib tug subspecies ntawm usual paus beet. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm no ob xyoos-laus nroj tsuag yog ib tug dawb paus zaub ntev nyob rau hauv ntev thiab tsim los ntawm ib tug rosette foliage. Nyob hauv cov liaj teb me, xws li beets loj hlob tsis yog rau cov kua qab zib, tiam sis siv rau hauv tsev ua noj ua haus, raws li pub rau tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib, thiab rau daim ntawv thov kev kho mob ntawm tus kws kho mob pom zoo. 
Cov kab no muaj peev xwm ua rau cov neeg muaj kab mob, nrog rau ntau yam kabmob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev siv cov suab thaj qab zib yog contraindicated rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
Xaiv ntawm av rau loj hlob qab zib beets
Qab zib beets feem ntau ntse hlob on hom av qaub av-nruab nrab avmuaj cua zoo thiab noo noo permeability. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yog chernozem. Plowed drained peatlands thiab sierozems yuav kuj yuav nyiam heev rau qab zib beets.
Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tej yam kev mob rau cultivation yooj yim thiab yav tom ntej high yields ntawm qab zib beet yog muaj nyob rau ntawm tob 0.6-0.8 m subsoil qab ntug nrog dej tuav cov khoom - ib txheej closer mus rau hauv paus loj qoob loo yuav tsim tej yam kev mob rau tsim ntawm rot, thiab txo nws nyob rau hauv qab qhov kev txiav txim siab theem qeeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub underground ib feem ntawm beet.
Koj puas paub? Qhov nyhav tshaj ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Somerset xyoo 2001 yog 23.4 kg.
Beet predecessors nyob rau hauv lub rotation
Koj tuaj yeem cog qoob cog qoob rau ntawm qhov chaw tom qab tib yam thiab lwm yam hom beets, zoo li tom qab chard, spinach, rapeseed, rape, camelina, mustard, forage rutabagas, cabbage thiab kohlrabi, thaum kawg, tom qab turnip, radish thiab radish, cabbage thiab legumes. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab zoo sib xws.
Thiab ntawm no qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov nceeg vaj rau qab zib beet yog lub caij ntuj no nplej thiab barley. Yog hais tias lub qos yaj ywm zus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tau raug muab tshem ntawm weeds (lawv muaj ntau beets nrog lawv), ces qhov no av yog heev haum rau cog qab zib beets. Rau cov tswv ntawm dachas thiab me me thaj av, qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov feem ntau, txij thaum lub caij ntuj no nplej yog xyaum tsis tau zus nyob rau ntau daim av.
Autumn thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav tillage
Agricultural qab zib beet yuav pib ntawm kev npaj ntawm txaj thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Qhov no yog thaum thawj kev khawb ua tiav. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub cheeb tsam no yog theem ntsuas raws li kev ntsuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev ya raws thiab ua rau nws faib rau hauv av.
Fertilizer rau beets
Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn digging cov av rau qab zib beet yuav tsum tau enriched, nrog rau ib qho khoom (35 kg ib puas) meem ntawm chiv, potash-phosphate chiv (2 kg / sotka). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los yog li ob lub lim tiam ua ntej sowing, nws yog pom zoo kom qhia cov nitrogenous (0.9-1.0 kg / sotka). Nrog rau kev siv nitrogen fertilizer rau beets yuav tsum tau ceev faj, vim nitrogen muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm sai tsub zuj zuj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los, tom qab cog, nws yog pub rau siv ib tug daws ntawm nitrogen fertilizer ntawm ib tus nqi ntawm 1.25 g ib liter dej rau dej.
Ncaj qha thaum lub sij hawm sowing, granulated superphosphate (200 g / sotka) yog ntxiv rau cov av, 4 cm tob tshaj cov noob. Thaum cov qoob loo cov qoob loo loj hlob, xws li cov tshuaj uas twb tau ua lawm yuav txhawb qhov txheej txheem no. Rau foliar thiab foliar daim ntawv thov, ib tug carbamide-ammonia sib tov sib xyaw (1.5 l / sotka) yog siv txhua lub hlis, ua tiav qhov pub mis rau peb lub lis piam ua ntej qhov kev npaj hnub npaj.
Xaiv ntawm beet ntau yam
Ntau yam thiab hybrids ntawm qab zib beet yuav ua dej num raws li lawv cov qab zib cov ntsiab lus. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, lawv yog cov neeg tsis txaus siab (tsis muaj kev quab yuam nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov qoob loo thiab cov txheej txheem qab zib) muab faib ua peb pawg.
| Lub npe ntawm ntau yam | Qab zib cov ntsiab lus,% | Degree ntawm tawm los |
| Tawm | mus txog 16.5 | Siab |
| Qab zib-yielding | mus txog 18.5 | Nruab Nrab |
| Qab zib | mus txog 20.5 | Tsawg |
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum yuav cov noob, saib xyuas lawv cov me me tsis tsawg tshaj li 3.5 cm, txwv tsis pub koj yuav raug sab laug yam tsis muaj qoob loo.
Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg cog khwv tau cog rau hauv cov qoob loo no yog cov nram qab no ntau yam thiab hybridsmuaj kev ua tau zoo zoo, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, los ntawm ntau npaum li cas beets yuav tau los ntawm 1 hectare:- Qab zib beet ntau yamBoheme"muab cov qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws (txog li 19%) cov dej qab zib thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 2 kg ntawm cov paib ntawm 300 kg / h (3 centimeters los ntawm txhua lub weave) Bohemia lub caij nyoog ripening yog 80 hnub tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ua rau kom muaj kev cia siab rau lub sij hawm ntev.
- Hauv paus beet ntau yam "Bona"hnyav tsis tshaj li ntawm 0.3 kg, uas me ntsis simplifies ntxuav rau ib qho me me (100 kg / h) Cov qos yaj ywm cov ntsiab lus me ntsis tshaj 12%, tab sis qhov no ntau ceev ceev (84 hnub) siav thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv mus rau ntuj qhuav heev, rau beet ntau yam.
- Lub German hybrid qhia zoo heev tawm losAraxia"- 800 kg / his nrog rau cov ntsiab lus qab zib ntawm 16.4% .Peb fecundity yog tiav, hauv particular, vim qhov tseeb uas nyob rau hauv nws cov qoob loo cov qoob loo muaj suab tsis muaj hollow.
- Kuj pom tau tias nws tsis kam hollowness thiab ib haiv neeg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees "Bigben", uas, muaj ib tug tawm los ntawm 720 c / his, yog ua tau surprise nrog ib tug qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau tshaj 17.5%.
Koj puas paub? Tso cuav tshuaj kho kom zoo li niaj zaus noj cov suab thaj beet los xav rejuvenate lub cev.
Sawb beets
Saj qab zib beet noob nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov qhia ntawm lub sij hawm tseem ceeb yog kev kawm tau ntawm qhov chaw kub ntawm 6-8 degrees Celsius ntawm qhov tob ntawm 5 cm. Yog hais tias lub noob ua ntej sowing rau ob peb teev soak nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm ntoo tshauv, qab zib beets yuav ascend sai dua.
Lub qhov tob ntawm cog qoob li ntawm 2-4 cm, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov av, cov kab pib ntev yog 45 cm. Lub caij nplooj ntoos zom zaws nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tau rau hauv daim ntawv filling ib tus zuam yav dhau los uas muaj cov dej xuab zeb thiab noob sib xyaw (10 kg ntawm xuab zeb ib 1000 tauj noob). Tom qab landing tshaj lub nto puv, qhov chaw ntawm lub caj yog rov qab.
Raws li cov seedlings tshwm thiab loj hlob, ob successive thinning yog ua tiav: thawj yog 5-6 cm, lub thib ob yog 15-18 cm Cov loj hlob beet hlub moisture thiab xoob av. Thawj tshaj dej tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd tom qab sowing. Ntxiv watering yog tshwj xeeb yog pom zoo los ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ua tiav nrog sprinkling.
Nroj tsuag tiv thaiv
Nyob rau hauv tsev neeg tej yam kev mob, dog dig weeding yog feem ntau dav siv raws li ib txoj kev ntawm maj tswj, uas, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qoob loo cultivation, yog tedious thiab lub sij hawm siv. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yuav muab sij hawm rau koj kom tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj herbicides.
Yog tias txoj kev siv hom tshuaj tiv thaiv yog pom zoo lossis tsim nyog, ces nws tau pom zoo kom txwv tsis pub rov tuaj tom qab (tsuas yog rau lub caij cog qoob) kom muaj kev npaj rau tshuaj tua kab mob raws li lub paj thiab desmedipham. Daim ntawv thov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj, thaum huab cua kub ze ntawm hauv av yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 15-25 degrees. Cov huab cua kev twv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tus account kom cov huab cua los nag tsis tau ua ntej tshaj 6 teev tom qab txau.
Kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Qab zib beet yog mob feem ntau xim av lossis lig rottshwm sim los ntawm fungus. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau nws, nrog rau tej kab tsuag, ntawm cov uas feem ntau paub tias beet aphid thiab beet nematode, thaum lub sij hawm zuj zus lawv siv cov kev siv hloov (txau thiab dej) ntawm Fitosporin fungicide thiab Fitoterm intecicide - biologically ntshiab preparations uas tsis paug cov av tsis muaj peev xwm mus accumulate nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsis txo loo. Tsis tas li ntawd, "Fitosporin" yog siv rau tillage thiab compost, thaum lawv ua pre-sowing av loosening.
Harvesting
Koj tuaj yeem pib ntxawm tom kawg ntawm Cuaj Hli. Thaum qab zib beets raug tua, tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau ceev faj tuav ntawm elongated thiab yog li ntawd heev brittle paus zaub. Lawv cov kev puas tsuaj ua rau txo lub neej txee.
Rau qhov cia nws tus kheej, qhov kub zoo yog + 1 ... +3 ° C. Tab sis koj muaj peev xwm siv lub ntuj tsim, ua kom qab zib beets nyob rau hauv ib tug khov kho lub xeev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kawg yuav ua tau rau txoj kev nyab xeeb tiag tiag, vim tias qhov ntsuas kub yog qhov pib ntawm -14 ° -16 ° S, thiab nws nce tshaj -7 ° S yuav ua rau tuag taus rau cov yam ntxwv zoo.
Thaum tsis muaj chav nyob uas yuav siv tau ua ib lub khw muag zaub, cov qos yaj ywm beets raug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom qub los yog kev sib tshuam, ua tib zoo npog cov ntaub ntawv insulating (straw, sawdust, or snow-well-tamped). 
Qab zib beet yuav zoo thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam zaub nyoos. Hauv tsev ua noj, nws tuaj yeem hloov tau qab zib. Seasoned nrog qab zib beet pieces pub tov zoo li tsiaj txhu. Nqaij qaib yog sai dua nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj, muaj ib tug ntxiv kev noj haus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qab zib beet, yog li ntawd, nws yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv grated mus grain pub. Ua ke nrog medicinal thaj chaw, tag nrho cov zoo dua ntau compensate rau cov dag zog ntawm kev cog lus ntawm cultivation ntawm qab zib beet.
