Kev yuav buckwheat hauv khw thiab noj buckwheat porridge, peb tsis tseem xav txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm seb qhov no cog zoo li cas thiab theem dab tsi buckwheat mus txog ua ntej mus rau lub khw muag khoom txawb. Xav txog txhua yam dab tsi buckwheat yog, yuav ua li cas nws yog zus, thiab tseem ceeb npaum li cas txhua theem yog nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm buckwheat.
Txheeb raws roj ntsha yam ntxwv ntawm buckwheat
Buckwheat cog belongs rau lub genus Fagopyrum Mill. Lub noob keeb buckwheat nrog ntau tshaj 15 hom teej tug mus rau tsev neeg Buckwheat. Ib hom ntawm cov tsiaj muaj lub npe buckwheat. Tshuaj ntsuab no yog cereal qoob loo. Homeland buckwheat - Sab Qaum Teb Asmeskas thiab Nepal. Muaj nws yog hu ua dub nplej. Qhia tawm rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm ntau tshaj 5 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Raws li ib version, buckwheat tuaj rau teb chaws Europe thaum lub sij hawm Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau. Ntawm cov neeg Slavic tau txais lub npe ntawm buckwheat raws li ib tug ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm Byzantium nyob rau hauv VII caug xyoo.
Buckwheat yog ib lub xyoo txhua xyoo thiab muaj ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim.
Hauv paus system muaj qia paus nrog ntev ntev txheej txheem. Nws tsis zoo tsim dua piv rau lwm cov nroj tsuag. Cov kev ua ntawm lub sab qaum kev ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog qhov kev pov hwm ntawm cov as-ham ntawm cov av, qhov qis - cov dej ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Hauv paus system tsim thoob plaws tag nrho kev loj hlob lub sijhawm.
Nqa Nqaij Nqaij branched, hollow, curved nyob rau hauv knots, 0.5-1 m siab, 2-8 mm tuab, ntsuab nyob rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo sab thiab reddish xim av nyob rau sab hnub ci. Peduncles kev sib tw, nyias, yooj yim puas los ntawm frosts thiab thawj zaug raug kev txom nyem los ntawm drought.
Paj sau nyob rau hauv inflorescences ntawm dawb los yog daj ntseg liab tsos nqaij daim tawv. Tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, muaj ib tug peculiar tsw thiab nyiam bees.
Nplooj txawv: cotyledon, sessile, petiolate. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog feem ntau ntawm daim duab. Nyob ntawm seb qhov tav ntawm cov tav thiab cov npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, winged, tis thiab nruab nrab cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov txawv. Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog dub, xim av, silver. Qhov loj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm buckwheat thiab loj hlob tej yam kev mob. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog them nrog ib tug ntom plhaub, uas yog yooj yim sib cais.
Av: kev ua thiab chiv
Cov khoom tsim tau ntawm nce buckwheat nyob ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab av. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog tau pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov-steppe thiab Polesye. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem ua rau nyias muaj nyias lub cev, tab sis, kom ua tau zoo tshaj yog tias koj yuav tsum paub tias buckwheat prefers xos kom ceev ceev thiab muaj cov pa thiab cov as-ham uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog (pH 5.5-7). On hnyav, clogged xau nquag mus da dej, qhov tsim tau ntawm cultivation yuav tsawg.
Tillage system rau buckwheat tej zaum yuav txawv. Lub tob ntawm cultivation ntawm cov av thiab lub sij yawm ntawm nws kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua puag thiab lub kab lis kev cai ntawm tus thawj. Txij li thaum buckwheat yog ib tug lig sowing kab lis kev cai, lub ntsiab haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm tillage yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ya raws qib, provoking weed noob mus rau germinate nyob rau hauv lub noob lub sij hawm, tsim ib tug av av qauv thiab nws cov kev nplua.
Kom fertilization nyob rau hauv cov av yog dej siab rau nce lub tawm los ntawm qoob loo. buckwheat Rau daim ntawv 1 centner ntawm grain, cov nroj tsuag consumes 3-5 kg ntawm nitrogen los ntawm cov av, 2-4 kg ntawm phosphorus, 5-6 kg ntawm poov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, cov kev cog ntoo cog qoob loo yuav tsum yog raws li kev sib npaug raws li kev tshawb nrhiav av. Qhov no yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov as-ham rau ib tug nroj tsuag thiab tau ntawm cov ntsiab los ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej sau. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom paub hais tias phosphate thiab potash chiv yog thov rau cereals thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg plowing los yog thaum sowing noob, nitrogen chiv - nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob los yog raws li to top hnav khaub ncaws.
Qhov feem ntau txaus siab lub sij hawm rau kev thov nitrogen fertilizer rau buckwheat yog lub sij hawm ntawm budding. Cov ntxhia nitrogen txhim kho qhov ntsuas ntawm cov qoob loo: nws nce nws cov hnyuv, txhim kho cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txo cov filminess. Tus nqi ntawm ammonium nitrate rau ib sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws yog 60-80 kg / his. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg hais tias rau chernozem thiab chestnut xau ntawm no cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm buckwheat tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntawm cultivation. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, txhua hom ntawm pob zeb hauv av fertilizers yuav siv thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cultivation, thiab complex granular chiv - thaum sowing.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov chiv uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, yog tias tsim nyog, txij li buckwheat reacts tshuam rau lawv.Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic chiv thiab straw, pob kws cov pob kws thiab paj noob hlis ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev luam tawm ntawm cov organic khoom hauv cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd cereals xav tau microelements: manganese, zinc, tooj liab, boron. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev ua cov noob rau sowing. 50-100 g ntawm manganese sulphate, 150 g ntawm boric acid, 50 g ntawm zinc sulphate yog xav tau rau 1 tuj ntawm noob.
Zoo thiab phem thawj ntawm buckwheat
Ua kom tiav high yield buckwheat yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov. Xyoo ntawm kev paub thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom tseeb tias Qhov zoo tshaj plaws precursors ntawm buckwheat yog lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo, legumes, thiab tilled cov qoob loo. Nws tsis pom zoo kom cog nws tom qab grain cov qoob loo, raws li muaj ib tug high kis ntawm cov av nrog weeds, uas cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam cov tawm los. Tom qab cov qe, cov qoob loos tau nce li ntawm 41%, tom qab peas - los ntawm 29%, qos yaj ywm - 25%, lub caij ntuj no - yog 15%.
Nws yog qhov zoo rau sow buckwheat tom qab tilled: qab zib beet, silage pob kws, qos yaj ywm, zaub. Tom qab lub caij no, buckwheat kuj hlob zoo. Nws siv cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv siv hauv qab qoob loo dhau los. Yuav kom nce lub tawm ntawm buckwheat, chopping straw thiab embedding nws nyob rau hauv cov av ntawm yav dhau los cereal cov qoob loo yog siv raws li ib qho kev xaiv fertilizer. Raws li zoo predecessors rau buckwheat, leguminous kab lis kev cai ntawm lig ntau yam yog siv: vetch, ib txheej ntawm perennial grasses, soybeans.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov tawm los ntawm buckwheat cog tom qab ib tug nematode-stricken qos, los yog oats, yog significantly txo.
Ib co kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov muaj cov ntshiab chav hauv qhov txuas ntawm cov qoob loo tig tau nce cov qoob loo ntawm buckwheat nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog cov khoom tsis pub dawb. Ib zaug ntxiv qoob loo ntawm buckwheat ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tawm los los ntawm 41-55%. Thaum ua kev tshawb fawb, qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov txuas ntawm cov khub niam txiv - peas - buckwheat thiab tsawg kawg nrog peb lub xyoo rov qab sowing ntawm buckwheat raug tsim los.Buckwheat yog ib phytosanitary qoob loo. Yog hais tias tom qab nws sowing cereal nplej, qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lawv cov hauv paus rot yuav txo los ntawm 2-4 lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog cov sau tom qab grain predecessors. Vim lub qauv ntawm nws cov keeb kwm, buckwheat txo lub ceev ntawm cov av. Qhov no muaj ib tug zoo zoo rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo sown tom qab nws.
Noob npaj
Txoj cai xaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau yam thiab kev npaj ntawm cov noob rau cog tab sis significantly nce ntawm tawm los ntawm qoob loo.
Kev kho mob ntawm buckwheat noob rau sowing muab lawv disinfection los ntawm cov kab mob, kho zoo dua germination thiab yuav siv qhov chaw 1-2 lub lis piam ua ntej sowing. Raws li zaj yeeb yaj kiab qub siv cov kua ntsuas ntawm kua nplaum. Lawv ntxiv cov tshuaj "Fenor", "Vitatiuram", "Roxim", "Fundazol" raws li cov lus qhia thiab khaws cov noob qoob loo uas muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm moistening lossis aqueous suspension. Pests thiab kab mob ntawm buckwheat, xws li grey puab, mildew, thiab lwm yam., Kev kho noob noob yoo tsis muaj lub caij nyoog. Qhov no cuam tshuam qhov nce nyob rau hauv tawm los.
Hnub cog
Nws yog tsim nyog los cog buckwheat sai li sai tau raws li cov av warms mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 10 cm mus rau 10-12 ° C thiab kev hem ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts dhau. Thaum ntxov sowing lub sij hawm txhawb rau tus phooj ywg germination ntawm noob, kev siv ntawm cov av noo noo reserves ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab thaum ntxov ripening ntawm qoob loo. Qhov no, nyeg, yuav ua kom zoo dua qub rau nws tu. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau muab cov cereal qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub steppe nyob rau hauv ob - peb xyoo caum ntawm Plaub Hlis Ntuj, nyob rau hauv hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv Polesie - nyob rau hauv ob - thib peb xyoo caum May.
Koj puas paub? Ntau tus xav paub seb puas muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm cov buckwheat thiab buckwheat, los yog cov lus tseem ceeb. Thawj lub npe yog buckwheat. Lo lus no txhais tau hais tias cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej thiab lub noob muab tau los ntawm nws. Buckwheat yog lub sij hawm derivative uas tau tawm ua ib qho luv luv version rau kev simplicity thiab yoojyim. Nqaij feem ntau yog hu ua buckwheat groats.
Sowing buckwheat: Scheme, seeding tus nqi thiab seeding tob
Qhov sai dua cov qoob loo tsim, qhov ntau nws txhawb rau kev tsim txom ntawm weeds thiab significantly nce lub tawm los. Npaj cov av rau sowing buckwheat muaj yooj yim thiab preplant kev kho mob. Nws yog kwv nqa noj mus rau hauv cov nyiaj dhau los cov qoob loo, cov av muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov av noo noo, cov nroj tsuag qoob loo ntawm cov av. Zoo heev nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm buckwheat nyob rau hauv thawj zaug ntawm kev loj hlob pom tillage ntawm cov av, thiab raws li cov cultivation ntawm dov nrog ib tug tus menyuam.
Ua ntej sowing buckwheat, Nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv ib lub tswv yim sowing: dog dig, nqaim-uake thiab dav-kab. Qhov dav-kab txoj siv yog thaum sowing medium thiab lig ripening ntau yam on heev fertile fertilust xau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ua si los ntawm kev tu ncua kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ordinary txoj siv yog siv rau ntawm xau nrog tsawg fertility, on teeb thiab tsis-saline xau, thaum sowing thaum ntxov ntau yam. Txij li thaum lub nroj yog yoog rau branching, nws yuav tsum tau sown sparsely thiab evenly.
Lub seeding tus nqi ntawm buckwheat noob nyob ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb: ua teb nyob rau hauv thaj av ntawd, cov yam ntxwv nyhav. Nrog txoj kab-dav, qhov noj tau ntawm buckwheat noob yog 2-2.5 lab pcs. / Ha, nrog ib tug ntiag tug - 3.5-4 lab units. / his Thaum cov qoob loo yog thickened, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyias, muaj ib tug tsawg coefficient ntawm ozernennosti, cov qoob loo yog prone rau chaw nyob. Sparse cov qoob loo kuj adversely cuam tshuam lub yield ntawm buckwheat. Yog li ntawd, seeding tus nqi yuav tsum yog xam raws li cov yam tseem ceeb: sowing tswvyim, av noo noo, av hom, yam ntxwv ntawm cov noob.
Thaum zoo tib yam seeding tus nqi yuav tsum yog 30-50% siab tshaj nrog dav-kab. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm qhuav, qhov yuav tsum tau txo, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntub - ntau zog. On fertile xau, tus nqi yuav tsum tau txo, thiab on infertile xau - kom nce. Thaum sowing noob nrog txo germination, tus nqi yog nce los ntawm 25-30%.
Qhov tob seeding yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Nroj tsuag sprouts muaj zog keeb kwm, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj rau lawv mus ua txhaum los ntawm cov av thiab coj tawm cotyledons nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo daim nyias nyias. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau buckwheat tua yuav amicable thiab evenly ripened, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sow lub noob nyob rau hauv lub moist av mus rau tib lub tob. Nyob rau hauv hnyav xau mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 4-5 cm, nyob rau hauv cultivated xau - 5-6 cm, nrog ib tug qhuav to top txheej - 8-10 cm Raws li kws tshawb fawb, Deep embedding ntawm buckwheat noob txhim kho cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab muaj ib tug zoo siv rau ntawm inflorescences thiab nplej.
Koj puas paub? Tsis muaj cov khoom noj yuav muab piv rau buckwheat rau qhov nyiaj ntawm quercetin bioflavonoid (8%). Nws nres qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kabmob kheesxaws thiab ua rau lawv tuag.
Kev kho mob rau buckwheat cov qoob loo
Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm zoo seedlings yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev ya raws nyob rau hauv cov av. Ib tug tshwj xeeb loj siv nyob rau hauv no yog lub dov ntawm cov qoob loo. Nroj tsuag tswj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua li cas mechanically. Ua ntej yuav pib ntawm tua nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm harrowing ntawm cov qoob loo. Los txhim kho qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb lub sijhawm qhib xoob ntawm cov kab. Txhim kho lub dej thiab cua tsoom fwv ntawm cov av, lawv nqa tawm kev kho mob thib ob ntawm kab nyob rau hauv lub budding theem. Nws yog ua ke nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Kev tu cov qoob loo muaj xws li cov nroj tsuag thiab cov kab mob buckwheat. Kev tswj cov kab mob muaj xws li cov qe, kabmob, cov kab mob uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tua kab thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov buckwheat los ntawm kev tsim cov dej num zoo rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Kev tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsuas yog siv thaum cov qoob loo tsis tuaj yeem raug cawm los ntawm lwm txoj kev. Tshuaj herbicides yog siv tshuaj. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias muaj ib qho kev txaus ntshai ua lag luam. Cov theem ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum zoo li hais tias kev siv herbicides yuav raug nqi-zoo.
Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm kev saib xyuas rau cov qoob loo ntawm buckwheat yog lub caij ntawm Bee zos rau lub teb thaum buckwheat blossoms. Zib muam buckwheat yog 80-95% pollinated by bees, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog ib hnub los yog ob zaug ua ntej flowering nyob ze ntawm lub teb kom tso lub hives ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2-3 Bee zos ib 1 his.
Harvesting
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo xim av 75-80% pib ntxuav buckwheat. Nws yog nqa tawm rau 4-5 hnub. Qhov siab ntawm kev txiav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj 15-20 cm. Lub ntsiab txoj hauv kev sau buckwheat yog cais. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub mowed mass dries tawm nyob rau hauv 3-5 hnub, nws yog yooj yim threshed. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev poob qis, ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntsuab, txhim kho cov qoob loo, thiab tsis tuaj ziab ntxiv ntawm cov noob qoob thiab cov quav. Qhov hom no ua rau kev siv tshuab thiab cov noob qoob loo zoo dua qub thiab pab kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Yog hais tias tus qoob loo yog ib lub thinned, qis-qia, tawg, ib txoj kev zoo harvesting yog kev sib txuas ncaj qha. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub grain muaj ib tug high humidity, tsis zoo cais los ntawm lub weeds.
Koj puas paub? Buckwheat muaj ib tug zoo tom qab ntawm tib neeg lub cev: nws nce hemoglobin, txhawb cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, li no tiv thaiv hemorrhage. Rau cov hom phiaj kho mob, nws yog pom zoo kom noj cov noob qoob loo. Lawv cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv sijhawm ntev thiab kev siv. Prozery buckwheat nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 1 teaspoon yuav tsum tau chewed rau 1 feeb, ua 50-60 chewing movements.
Ua thiab cia ntawm buckwheat
Thaum sau collective harvesting yog sau nrog kev pab los ntawm grain tu cav tov thiab qhuav sai li sai tau tom qab sau. Ncua hauv kev ntxuav yuav ua rau cov noob qoob mus rau qhov tshav kub. Grain ntxuav yog ua tiav hauv peb theem: qhov ua ntej, thawj, theem nrab. Nws yog nqa tawm ntawm cov cav tov ntau yam.
Cov nplej siab yog muab los ntawm kev ziab mus rau cov dej noo ntawm 15%. Grain rau cov qoob loo yog khaws cia hauv chav qhuav hauv cov hnab ntaub. Txhua pawg npuab yog tais cais rau ntawm ib lub phuam ntoo. Qhov siab ntawm qhov pawg yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 8 hnab hauv qhov siab thiab 2.5 m nyob rau hauv dav. Thaum muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov ntau, nws qhov siab yuav tsum yog txog li 2.5 m.
Buckwheat noob, npaj rau tib neeg noj, yog thauj mus ua cov tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb groats. Lawv nqa tawm ntawm kev tu ntawm grain, nws hydrothermal ua, cais nyob rau hauv cov zauv feem, sib tev, sib cais ntawm cov khoom kawg. Yog tsis siv cov hydrothermal ua ntawm grain tau dawb grits. Thaum kuaj xyuas txhua qhov kev cog qoob loo thiab cog qoob loo, peb tuaj yeem hais tau tias nws yog cov neeg muaj kev ntseeg tsis pub tso cai rau kev qhuab qhia. Tag nrho cov theem ntawm cultivation ntawm buckwheat yog sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, mus muab high yields Yuav tsum ua raws li txhua txoj kev ua txhua agrotechnical txoj cai.
