Nws yuav zoo nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov tsis tawm hauv tsev. Lub vaj tse zoo kawg nkaus, uas tau hloov mus rau vaj vaj tsev ntawm cov tsiaj cog qoob loo, muab lub sijhawm zoo rau nws ua kom nws cog thiab muab kev tu kom zoo, tom qab uas koj tuaj yeem nqa cov duab rau kev nco thiab tau txais kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab tus neeg paub. Los ntawm tundra mus rau lub roob ranges ntawm Caucasus - xws li ib cheeb tsam dav qhov twg blueberries loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso.
Garden Blueberry: General Description
Garden blueberries, cog thiab tu rau bushes uas yog heev mus siv cuag txawm txawm pib gardeners, yuav zoo siab koj nrog ib tug zoo zoo sau. Peb cog lus rau ntau feem ntau ntawm cov American version ntawm lub vaj teb blueberries, thaum kawg bred ib nrab xyoo dhau los, tab sis thawj thwmsim hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas hnub rov qab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.
Ib lub voj voog ntawm lub vaj tsev zoo li no yog los ntawm lub hav zoov nyob hauv siab (mus txog 2.5 m) kev loj hlob nrog ib lub dav thiab ib nrab ntawm ob thiab ib nrab ntawm ib nrab thiab ib qhov loj me me ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Sau, yog tias koj paub raws nraim li cas kom loj hlob xws li ib tug blueberry, kuj tau txais ntau tshaj. Nws yuav ua tau ntau dua yog tias muaj ob peb hom zus nyob hauv vaj tsev tib lub sij hawm - kab tsuag pollinators (bees, bumblebees, thiab lwm yam) yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom sib zog ua tiav lawv cov dej num hauv ntuj. 
Lub caij lub caij nyoog ntawm blueberry berries nyob ntawm ib tug ntau yam, feem ntau nws tsuas yog mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Cov khoom nruab ntug ntawm lub vaj teb blueberry paus system yog nws nqus ntawm cov av ntawm noo thiab khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm mycorrhiza (symbiosis ntawm fungi nrog lub hauv paus ntaub so ntswg) es tsis txhob cov hauv paus plaub hau feem ntau cov nroj tsuag. Mycorrhiza siab ua nws cov dej num hauv cov av uas muaj acidity siab (txog pH4.5).
Ib feem ntau feature ntawm tag nrho cov American ntau yam yog kev hlub ntawm tshav kub thiab lub teeb thiab tsis nyiam rau ntev lub sij hawm ntawm drought thiab noo noo tshaj. Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws blueberry ntau yam cultivated nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam yog Bluecrop, Patriot, Blueette, Bluette, Elizabeth thiab Northblue.
Koj puas paub? Cov thawj coj hauv kev loj hlob blueberries yog hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas hauv Maine.
Nta cog vaj teb blueberries
Pib lub cultivation ntawm no qoob loo, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas cog vaj teb blueberries.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo
Rau lub vaj teb blueberries xav tau ib tug zoo-zes cheeb tsam. Qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab qhov loj ntawm lub zus berries nyob ntawm seb qhov siv ntawm lub hnub ci zog. Muab qhov tseeb tias blueberries tsis zam drafts thiab muaj zog cua ntsawj ntshab, ib qho chaw ntsiag to ntawm sab qab teb ntawm lub laj kab los sis phab ntsa yuav zoo tshaj rau nws.
Av hom
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov av yog qhov muaj cov kua zoo, tshem tawm cov stagnation ntawm cov dej nyob rau saum npoo. Dej-hlub blueberries tsis ntshai ntawm sib thooj ntawm av (txawm nyob rau hauv ib lub tob ntawm tsuas 0.5-0.7 m), tab sis muaj peev xwm tuag los ntawm ib tug ntev saum npoo tshaj ntawm noo noo.
Qhov xwm txheej thib ob uas muab cov av ya raws rau ib qho blueberry yog qhov tsis muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj loj ntawm nws uas yuav sib tw nrog cov nplooj ntoos ntiav ntawm cov nyom hauv cov dej hauv qhov dej kom tsawg.
Blueberries nyiam acidic xau, nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub teeb sandstone los yog peatlands them nrog ib tug txheej txheej ntawm hardwood litter. Tab sis nws yog tiag tsis haum rau cultivation ntawm blueberry av nplaum thiab loam.
Garden Blueberry cog tshuab
Cog vaj teb blueberries yog ua tau nyob rau hauv Autumn thiab thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, kom txog thaum lub zog ntawm lub kua txiv pib thiab lub buds qhib. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub bushes yog cog nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, raws li xav tau rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws adaptation ntawm seedling mus rau qhov chaw ua ntej caij nplooj ntoos hlav kev loj hlob pib.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho loj hlob rau lub caij, koj muaj peev xwm cog blueberry seedlings los ntawm pots (thawv), qhov chaw uas lawv cov keeb kwm uas them nrog av.
Txoj kev npaj tsaws
Ua ntej cog blueberries, cov pits yog npaj ua ntej. Lawv tau rub mus rau ib qhov tob txog li ib nrab ntawm ib lub meter, dav - mus 0.8 m. Cov kauj ruam ntxiv yog raws li nram no:
- Sau lub qhov taub nrog av, npaum li cas nyob rau hauv ib tug coniferous cog thiab tov nrog lub natural vegetative txheej ntawm poob koob, pieces ntawm bark, tag nrho thiab tawg ceg, Moss. Qhov no muaj pes tsawg leeg ntxiv nrog tseem qaub peat thiab fertile av los ntawm txhua qhov chaw;
- Xam nyob rau hauv qhov aub tsiv ntawm nitrogen chiv, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug high concentration ntawm sulfur, nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 25-30 g ib seedling. Tam sim ntawd koj yuav tsum xav txog acidify cov av rau blueberries. Koj tuaj yeem muas tshwj xeeb cov roj oxidizers nyob rau hauv lub khw agro. Yog hais tias tseem tsis tau muaj khoom, ces muaj cov khoom xyaw khoom siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua nplais, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog yaj (50 ml) hauv ib thoob dej, lossis citric acid (5 g / pail).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub acidity ntawm cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj li 4.5, lwm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm chlorosis yuav sharply nce.Blueberry nplooj yuav qhia tias qhov qis acidity tsawg ntawm cov av, uas yuav tig liab, txawm tias nws yog lub caij ntuj sov sab nraud.
Kev piav qhia ntawm txheej txheem thiab tsaws qauv
Tus qauv ntawm kev cog blueberries yog txoj kev cog hauv cov kab. Qhov deb ntawm seedlings txawv nyob ntawm seb ntau yam xaiv rau cultivation:
- los ntawm ib tug mus rau ib thiab ib nrab ntawm nruab nrab ntawm saplings ntawm siab ntau yam;
- los ntawm 0.8 mus rau 1 m - qhov sib txawv ntawm bushes ntawm tsawg-loj hlob ntau yam.
Yuav ua li cas tu rau blueberry vaj
Yuav ua li cas thiab ua li cas ua kom calmly thiab ntse loj hlob blueberries nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab, cov neeg ua teb yuav tsum prompted los ntawm peb txoj cai zoo - dej, pub, pruning.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm watering
Xav txog dab tsi nws yuav tsim nyog los pub lub vaj teb blueberries nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws li niaj zaus watering. Noo noo-hlub blueberries yuav tsum tau nquag dej. Ntuj nag yog tsis txaus.
Koj tuaj yeem npaj txhaws dej - xws li lub tshuab ua kom muaj kev sib tw tau zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam, nws yog assumed tias:
- qhov teeb liab rau dej yog 4-centimeter qhuav av txheej;
- saplings thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas blueberry tua yuav tsum tau ywg txhua txhua 2-4 hnub, kawm kom qhuav thiab weakening ntawm sim kub;
- Npaj acidizers los yog cov lus kua nplaum (txog li 0.1 l ib thoob) ntxiv rau dej ywg txhua txhua lub hli, yog tias nws paub tias cov acidity ntawm cov av tsis ncav cov nqi nplaum dub.
Sab saum toj hnav ris tsho blueberry bushes
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws blueberries tsis pib nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thaum lawv mulch cov av ib ncig ntawm lub cog bushes. Cov txheej txheem rau mulching poob koob thiab / los yog sawdust ntawm coniferous ntoo yog suav hais tias yuav tsum tau. Mulch nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm dual - nws khaws cov tsim nyog blueberry noo noo hauv av thiab, maj mam zom zaws, tswj kev tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj acid hauv cov av.
Ntawm cov chiv tiav lawm yuav tsum tau txhaj rau blueberries nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (kev pub thawj zaug yog nruab nrab-Lub Plaub Hlis, lub thib ob yog ib lub hlis tom qab), koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau ntau yam mineral mineral Florovit thiab Target, uas muaj txhua yam koj xav tau. shrubs, nrog rau cov pa oxidizers.
Qhov thib peb hnav khaub ncaws yuav tsum ua kom tiav nyob rau lub hlis dhau los. Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem yog, yuav ua li cas rau fertilize blueberries nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom ntej, yog tsis daws los ntawm npaj txhij-ua npaj, ces koj muaj peev xwm pib ntawm npaj chiv uas yuav saturate cov av feem nrog nitrogen, uas yog tsis tshua muaj zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau ua tsis pub dhau ib nrab-Lub Xya hli ntuj li ntawd tua ntawm ib tsob ntoo loj hlob sai sai tsis khov rau lub caij ntuj no.Lub pob zeb hauv av sib tov yuav tsum muaj ntawm ammonium sulfate (90 g), superphosphate (110 g), potassium sulfate (40 g). Los ntsuas cov tshuaj uas tau siv rau cov av hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub voj voog ib ncig ntawm lub thoob, siv ib tug tablespoon tsis muaj swb (qhov loj yog tau txog li 10 g). Cov tshuaj npaum li cas nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub blueberry:
- 1 xyoos - 1 rab diav;
- 2 xyoos - 2 diav;
- 3 xyoos - 3-4 spoons;
- 4 xyoos - 4-5 spoons;
- 5 los yog ntau tshaj xyoo - 6-8 daig.
Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas prune blueberry bushes
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pruning vaj teb blueberries coincides nrog ib tug zoo li kev khiav hauj lwm rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, uas yog, txawm tias nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, kom txog thaum lub nroj tsuag "woke li", los yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, thaum nplooj raug poob tawm. Rau lub hom phiaj intended, muaj peb hom pruning, kuj raws li yuav tu rau vaj teb blueberries.
| Hom luas | Term | Lub hom phiaj | Kev ua |
| Formative | 3-4 xyoo | Tsim kom muaj cov kab mob skeletal thiab xis crown ntawm daim ntawv tseeb | Tshem tawm qis, qaug zog thiab dhau heev lawm |
| Ntxawg * | Ib xyoos ib zaug tom qab | Uniform thiab vam meej faib ntawm inflorescences thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo buds | Tshem tawm qis, qaug zog thiab dhau heev lawm. Tshem tawm yam tsis muaj seem ntawm 5-6-xyoo-laus loj ceg. Tshem tawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob tw me me ntawm qhov xaus ntawm kev tua |
| Rejuvenating * | Tom qab 8-10 xyoo | Uniform thiab vam meej faib ntawm inflorescences thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo buds. Muab lub hav zoov tshiab lub zog ntawm lub neej | Tshem tawm qis, qaug zog thiab dhau heev lawm. Tshem tawm yam tsis muaj seem ntawm 5-6-xyoo-laus loj ceg. Tshem tawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob tw me me ntawm qhov xaus ntawm kev tua |
Ntais kev saib xyuas rau vaj teb blueberries nyob rau lub caij ntuj no
Lub vaj teb blueberry pib kom khov tiag tiag thaum lub subzero kub ncos mus rau 23-25 degrees. Tab sis lub khov tsob nroj yog khov tau nws cov khoom muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho nrog rov qab los ntawm tshav kub. Tsuas zoo tsob nroj yog tseem tsis tsim nyog nws.
Yog li ntawd conifer mulching yuav tsum tau siv. Tsis tas li, lawv kuj siv cov dej tsis muaj dej txaus (txog 6 thoob dej ntawm ib qho hav txwv ywj siab, uas twb tau hloov lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov sib xyaw), lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov uas khoov mus rau soaking txheej txheej hauv lub ntiaj teb mus rau qhov tob ntawm 0.4 m rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Blueberry ceg tig mus rau hauv av nrog ib tug staple, rau Bush tus kheej nws tus kheej kom ib lub vaj tse ntawm spruce ceg los yog ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm blueberries thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav flowering - nws yog resistant txawm mus rau 7-degree frosts.
Nqe lus piav txog lub ntsiab kab mob thiab pests ntawm Bush
Rau qhov twb tau qhia vim li cas rau qhov liab liab ntawm nplooj ntoo rau ntawm lub vaj zaub ntoo blueberries yuav tsum tau ntxiv thiab ib tug loj zaub kab mob - qia mob cancer. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus txheej txheem pib nrog cov tsos ntawm cov pob liab liab ntawm nplooj, kis nrog lub sij hawm thiab ua xim av, thiab xaus nrog kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov tua.
Yuav luag tsis muaj kev kho mob, yog li ntawd tag nrho kev cia siab rau kev tiv thaiv. Nws muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (ua ntej cov nplooj tawg) thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg (thaum lawv poob) thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog Bordeaux kua (3%), xws li sixfold kev kho ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog Fundazol (0.2%): peb ntau txau tom qab tag nrho cov ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau raug tua.
Lwm cov kab mob loj uas ua rau lub vaj teb blueberry (tseem ceeb hauv cov pob liab liab ntawm nplooj) fomopsis. Lub causative tus neeg sawv cev yog ib tug tshwj xeeb fungus, thiab tus kab mob ua rau ziab tawm thiab tuag ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg. Tuag tua tsis tsuas yog txiav, tab sis kuj hlawv kom tiv thaiv qhov nthuav dav ntawm kev faib ntau ntawm kev sib cav. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev txau tiv thaiv nrog "Fundazole" yog tib yam li nrog qia ntshav.
Blueberry kab mob xws li mummification ntawm berries, grey puab thiab anthracnosecuam tshuam feem ntau berries, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam cov ntoo. Kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv lawv.
Hais txog ntawm kab tsuag, koj yuav tsum tau pib nrog cov noog, uas nyiam mus noj mov rau hauv blueberries. Tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv cov noog siv ib daim phiaj zais rau me me. Maybugs yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub ntawm kab, uas nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav noj cov nplooj thiab tsis disdain lub txheem ntawm lub paj, li no txo lub zeem muag rau yav tom ntej sau. Nyob rau hauv cov av lub larvae ntawm cov pests kuj gnaw cov tub ntxhais hluas shrubs.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov kab no siv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tab sis koj muaj peev xwm muab kev nyiam rau pej xeem tshuaj, sau cov Maybugs ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov nroj tsuag (koj xav tau tuab looj hnab looj tes thiab khob iav), tog twg los muab lawv tawm, xub tso cov yas yeeb yaj kiab, los yog xaiv dawb larvae hauv av thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo av npaj. Lub larvae yog doused nrog boiling dej thiab discarded.
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov yeeb ncuab ntuj ntawm May Beetle. Cov no yog cov moles, raws li tau zoo li cov noog, uas tuaj yeem yog attracted los ntawm ib tus noog nyob ze.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub larvae, koj tseem yuav kho cov av nrog dos kua (1/3 ntawm lub thoob ntawm dos tev yog ntim nrog dej thiab infused rau ib lub lim tiam).
Blueberry vaj: sau qoob
Ripe berries vaj teb blueberries yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj hurry rau crumble. Lawv tuaj yeem tuav tau ntawm cov ceg kom txog thaum lub qab ntuj. Vim muaj qhov teeb meem no, blueberries raug tshem tawm yam tsis mob siab, noj txhua lub sijhawm so ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Loj softish berries ntawm xiav-grey xim yog sau, thiab ntom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog sab laug ntawm cov ceg ntoo kom lawv tuaj yeem tau cov ntsiab lus qab zib ua ntej theem tom ntej. Berries muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev kev thauj mus los, ib lub hlis ntawm cia hauv lub tub yees thiab ib lub lim tiam hauv ib qho chaw hauv tsev zoo tib yam. Thawj qoob loo ntawm blueberries yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoo. 
Koj puas paub? Cov neeg tsav nkoj British uas tau tawm tsam thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau noj nqaij npuas npua los txhim kho hmo ntuj.
Loj hlob blueberries nyob hauv lub teb chaws los yog lwm qhov chaw yog qhov kev cia siab heev. Vim muaj ntau hom tshuaj vitamins, acids, qabzib, cov zaub mov thiab cov tannins muaj nyob rau hauv nws, vaj blueberries, uas tau muab lub sijhawm kom loj hlob, yuav pab tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, nrog angina, mob ntshav siab, dysentery, catarrh ntawm lub plab, rheumatism, enterocolitis thiab txawm scurvy. Kev noj qab haus huv tas li ntawm blueberries pab kom rejuvenate lub cev, tswj nws lub hlwb ua si hauv lub xeev. Hauv ntej, lub vaj teb blueberries yuav tsum tau zus los ntawm cov neeg uas xav nyob ntev, thaum uas noj qab nyob zoo.
