Russula (Lat. Russula) - Cov no yog cov fungi feem ntau nyob rau hauv hav zoov: lawv ua li 30-45% ntawm qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov nceb. Named vim hais tias qee yam ntawm lawv ntau yam yuav tsum tau noj nqaij nyoos. Muaj cov tshuaj tua tau thiab ua tsis taus. Npaum li cas rau tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li thiab yuav ua li cas los txiav txim seb ib tug nceb yog lom nyob rau hauv koj lub xub ntiag los yog tsis tau, koj tuaj yeem tshawb tawm ntawm peb cov ntawv.
Kev piav qhia ntawm tsev neeg Russula
Russulae rau lub genus ntawm agaric nceb noj ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm agaric tsev neeg ntawm Syerazhkov tsev neeg. Lawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov nqaij fadehy, loj. Yuav kom kawm tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob hauv lub hav zoov tuaj yeem yuav muaj xim, sib txawv xim ntawm lub hau nrog ib txoj kab ntawm 2-20 cm kheej kheej, hemispherical, tswb-ntsej muag nrog dawb nqaij thiab dawb ncaj txhais ceg. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog cov xim ntawm tus txivneej hauv "Tshooj ntawm cov tsho tshajtawm". Lub khau npog ntawm lub haupaus yog qhov zoo, uas txo qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nceb. Raws li lawv paub tab, lawv hloov lawv cov duab, ua qhib, ncaj nraim thiab zoo nkauj, zoo li qee zaum. Cov nceb yuav tau ntim cov phiaj nqes nrog cov ceg tawv lossis ntse ntug. Qhov xim ntawm qhov kev sib cav yog los ntawm dawb mus rau daj.
Koj puas paub? Txhawm rau txiav txim xyuas seb leej twg yog leej twg yog leej twg - lamellar lossis tubular, koj yuav tsum tau saib hauv hau. Nws qis txheej muaj ntau plates.
Russules loj hlob nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, lawv cov tsos loj yog kaw nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj thiab thaum ntxov Autumn. Yeej, txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cov tau yooj yim, tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm lawv yog cov tsis haum rau cov khoom noj vim muaj kev qaug zog los yog tsis kaj siab. Haum rau siv nyob rau hauv tshiab thiab pickled daim ntawv. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv peb pawg ntawm cov nceb nce, uas muaj xws li nceb ntawm nruab nrab saj. Qee cov categorised hauv qab no vim lawv tsis sawv cev cov khoom noj haus.
Muaj ntau tus neeg xav paub txog lo lus nug, hauv qab qhov ntoo uas Russula loj tuaj. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias cov nceb yog mycorrhiza-forming nroj tsuag nrog ntoo keeb kwm. Lawv tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv cov tsiaj qus: oak, birch, alder, as Well as under spruces thiab pines. Russules muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tseem ceeb tshuaj, nyob rau hauv kev, vitamins - nyob rau hauv 1 kg ntawm nceb muaj 264 mg ntawm vitamin B thiab 6 mg ntawm cov vitamin PP.
Koj puas paub? Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev noj mov yog xav tias yog leej twg, uas nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom ntau dua ntsuab, xiav, daj thiab tsawg liab.
Hom mob syroezhek (nrog rau cov duab)
Nyob rau hauv cov av ntawm Eurasia, Australia, East Asia thiab America, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam thiab deciduous forests, muaj txog 275 hom ntawm russules, peb muab ib qho kev qhia luv luv ntawm feem ntau.
Koj puas paub? Txij thaum sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj syrups yog tsis tseem ceeb, qee zaum tshuaj tsom xam los yog cov ntaub ntawv kuaj kab mob yuav tsim nyog rau qhov tseeb ntawm hom fungus.
Yam li Russula
Podgodzdok dawb (qhuav dab dej). Tshwm sim los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj hauv coniferous thiab tov forests. Recognizable los ntawm dawb cap, qee zaum nrog daj plab thiab me ntsis pubescent sawv. Cov duab ntawm lub hau nws txawv ntawm convex rau funnel. Caj luv luv, nqaim cia, dawb los yog me ntsis xim av. Nyob rau hauv cookery, qhuav soups npaj soups, kib zaub mov, pickled. Nws saj yog pungent.
Yellow russula. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv ntub dej ntws thiab noog ntoo ceg ntoo. Lub sij hawm ntawm tsos yog Lub Xya hli ntuj - Lub kaum hli ntuj. Thaum pib heev muaj ib lub kaus mom daj daj. Sij hawm dhau mus, nws hloov mus rau ib lub tiaj tus thiab lub plhaub taum. Cuag cuag lub cheeb ntawm 5-10 cm Lub cim ntawm tus cwj pwm yog ib qho tawv nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ob txhais ceg yog xim dawb. Cov phiaj yog dawb, nrog rau lub sijhawm ua daj ntseg daj thiab grey. Yellow russula yog qhov thib peb qeb ntawm cov nceb noj. Nws muaj qab zib, tsis yog-qoob loo saj. Nws yog noj tshiab thiab salted.
Russula xiav. Mushroom, pom nyob rau hauv coniferous hav zoov. Lub kaus mom nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 3-10 cm yog tab xim xiav. Cov xim tsis sib xws: nws muaj peev xwm dub-liab doog hauv qhov chaw, sib zog ntawm ntug. Ob ceg yog dawb, 3-5 cm siab.
Russula ntsuab. Tus neeg nyob ntawm coniferous thiab deciduous forests. Nws tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm lub daj xiav-xim ntsuab plhws li 10 cm loj loj. Txawm tias nws zoo li qhov tsis zoo thiab ua tsis tau zoo, qhov nceb yuav muaj qab ntxiag. Nws yog salted, kib thiab boiled.
Koj puas paub? Yog tias koj xav tias yam kab mob lom no koj tuaj yeem yooj yim cuam tshuam txog ntsuab thiab ntsuab ntsuab Russula, ces qhov no yog daj ntseg toadstool. Txawm li ntawd los, syroezhek tsis nplhaib ntawm ceg thiab thickening ntawm lub hauv paus.
Zaub mov Russula. Lub kaus mom ntawm tus ntxhais no tau muaj xim zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam - liab nrog cov xim av. Nws txhais ceg yog du, dawb. Comes nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj - Cuaj Hli. Nws hlob zuj zus nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab coniferous forests.
Fried Russula. Tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lig lub caij ntuj sov - thaum ntxov Autumn pawg nyob rau hauv deciduous hav zoov. Nws muaj ib tug nias ntawm-rau lub hau tsaus ntsuab thiab xim av los ze zog mus rau qhov chaw. Ob txhais ceg yog xim dawb nrog xim av txaws xim ntawm lub hauv paus.
Marsh Russula. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam swampy, Pine hav zoov. Qhov twg yog qhov kev lag luam hauv tubrog hlob, nws yog feem ntau ntub thiab ntub dej. Nws loj tuaj txij lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli. Nyob rau ntawm ib tug me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog muaj lub kaus mom, nws yav tom ntej nws muaj hmoo. Nws yog xim liab, ze rau qhov chaw - xim av. Ob txhais ceg yog dawb, los nrog ib tug ntxoov ntxoo liab. Mushroom yog delicious, haum rau boiling, frying, pickling thiab salting.
Ntsuab Russula. Nws hlob thoob plaws lub caij ntuj sov mus txog rau Lub Kaum Hlis. Nws inhabits deciduous thiab tov forests, feem ntau nyob hauv cov noog ntoo. Nws muaj ib tug loj cap - txog li 15 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Nyob rau hauv cov hluas nkauj fungi syroezhek nws yog hemispherical, nrog lub sij hawm mus rau convex los yog prostrate. Tso rau hauv grey-ntsuab los yog nplhaib-ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv ua noj, nws yog siv rau frying, boiling thiab salting tom qab blanching.
Ntsuab thiab liab paj ntoo. Pib kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Nws yog pom los ntawm ib tug loj convex-prostrate cap txog li 20 cm ntawm ci xim: liab, daj, liab doog. Lub taw muaj ib qhov siab ntawm 3-12 cm thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm 4 cm, dawb, tej zaum kuj nrog ib tug liab sheen.
Blue-daj Russula. Cov nceb ntawm hom no tuaj yeem sau los ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus rau Lub Kaum Hli. Cov kaus mom ntawm hom no hauv ib daim ntawv zoo-tau zoo yog cov kab-ntsej muag ntsuab los yog ntshav. Lub ceg yog tuab, feem ntau yog dawb, tab sis tej zaum yuav reddish thiab liab. Mushroom saj zoo. Belongs mus rau peb lub qeb.
Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi edible russules zoo li. Muaj kuj yog ib qeb ntawm kev mob siav, uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis txaus siab, yuav tsis zoo rau kev ua noj, tab sis haum rau pickling. Txaus liam muaj xws li: russule xim av, hluas, ocher, golden daj, zoo nkauj, blackened podgruzkakh, podgruzdok dawb, dub podgruzdok, walui, grey rusule thiab lwm tus.
Thiab ces peb yuav tau ntsib cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg.
Cov phom sij tsis yog
Tam sim ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom muaj kev tshwj tseg kom tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom ze syroezek hauv txoj kev paub ntawm lo lus. Cov qeb ntawm cov pob txha muaj xws li nceb uas muaj pungent, pungent saj, ntawm lawv yuav yog me ntsis toxic or toxic, ua rau khaus ntawm qhov ncauj muco, qhov mob plab me me thaum noj zaub mov. Coob leej ntau tus muaj cov cim qhia sab nraud zoo ib yam li cov kwvtij nkauj muam, vim qhov no lawv raug hu ua tsis muaj tseeb. Cov qoob loo uas tsis muaj kuab lom hauv xws li: russula birch, liab, paj yeeb, Kele, tsis muaj zog, caustic, bilious thiab lwm tus.
Birch Russula. Cov kaus mom ntawm tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo no muaj ntau yam xim ci thiab ntxoov: liab, liab dawb, ntshav liab, txho. Cov ntaub ntawv mycosis nrog birch keeb kwm. Tshaj tawm txij lub Rau Hli Ntuj txog rau Kaum Ib Hlis
Russula liab. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv Pine hav zoov nyob rau hauv lig lub caij ntuj sov - thaum ntxov Lub Cuaj Hli. Lub hau ntawm no nceb yog me - txog li 6 cm, pav ca hauv plhws, tsaus liab. Tus txiv hmab no tsis zoo zoo thiab muaj pungent saj.
Liab Russula. Raws li zoo li yav dhau los tsiaj, nws yog pom nyob rau hauv Pine hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj-lub Cuaj Hli. Lub cap ntawm nws thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob muaj ib tug convex duab, ces nws ua prostrate. Pleev xim liab. Russula iab saj.
Kele Russula. Nws muaj lub hau me me 3-8 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Nyob rau ntawm theem sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob, nws hloov cov duab: nws mus los ntawm ib nrab-ncig mus concave-prostrate nrog ribbed sawv. Cov xim ntawm nws tsaus ntxoov - liab, liab doog, burgundy. Leg ntshav-liab. Lub saj ntawm no ruble yog pungent, qhov tsw ntxhiab tsw qab.
Russula nkig. Feem ntau hlob nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg hauv txhua hom hav zoov. Nws lub kaus mom yog 3-5 cm, ncaj nraim-prostrate nrog liab daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau ntawm sawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog lub teeb liab, xim av mus rau qhov chaw, liab nrog ib tug txiv ntseej tinge. Cov nqaij yog brittle, ntsim kom saj.
Cov tshuaj lom tau zoo nkauj yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Mayr thiab cov nplaim taws kub nyhiab.
Mayra's Russula. Tus Russula muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv, ib qho kev qhia luv luv yuav pab koj paub thaum nws ntsib thiab dhau los ntawm. Ua ntej tshaj, nws yog lub kaus mom hlau nplua nuj. Thaum xub thawj hemispherical duab, ces tiaj tus, me ntsis kev nyuaj siab. Cov ceg yog xim dawb, tuaj yeem yuav xim av lossis daj ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws hlob nyob hauv beech forests. Thaum pib siv cov mob me me lom.
Tus Russula hlawv. Nws nyob ntub dej thuv rau hav zoov. Nws yog characterized los ntawm ib tug liab los yog liab-liab cap nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 10 cm, caiv-convex, thiab tom qab prostrate duab. Nws muaj ib qho tsis kaj siab tsw qab thiab tsis hnov tsw tsw.
Yuav ua li cas kom distinguished edible los ntawm inedible jabs
Txiav txim seb tus mushroom Russula ua ntej koj - noj los yog tsis, tuaj yeem ua ntau thaj chaw. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov ua tsis tau, nqaij tawv, liab xim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib ceg, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cua nab, khov daim hlau, ib zaj duab xis los yog ib tiab ntawm ib ceg yog yam ntxwv. Tag nrho cov hom uas tsis yog-edible, raws li txoj cai (tab sis tsis yog tas li), muaj xim daj ntseg thiab tsis hnov tsw tsw. Thaum tawg thiab rhaub cev nqaij daim tawv hloov xim.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov cwj pwm no muaj nyob rau hauv ib txhia hom kev kawm ntawm cov khoom vaj khoom tsev.
Koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim tsis txhob muab cov roj ntsuab ntsuab ntsuab thiab ntsuab ntsuab nrog cov tshuaj lom toadstool, uas yog me ntsis zoo ib yam. Ntawm no yog qhov sib txawv hauv cov qauv thiab xim ntawm cov ceg thiab lub hau uas koj pom tau tias yuav pab tau.
Ceg. Nyob rau hauv lub pob npoo nws yog ncaj, tej zaum yuav raug qis qis, dawb. Nyob rau hauv lub toadstool, nws yog thickened nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tuber, muaj ib lub nplhaib thiab lub teeb ntsuab los yog lub teeb daj stains thiab veinlets.
Lub kaus mom. Ntshe grebe muaj ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab lub hau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qub daj ntseg toadstools tej zaum yuav tsis muaj qhov xeeb ceem nta ntawm poisonous nceb - ib ncig ntawm ceg.
Thawj pab rau mushroom lom
Txawm hais tias, raws li peb twb tau sau tseg lawm, tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis tau tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, txawm li ntawd los, txawm tias muaj qhov mob me me xwb, noj nqaij fungus yuav tsum tau pab ceev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub tsho tshaj tawm, yuav tsum tau siv lub qhov ncauj yaug dej, ua rau nws ntuav thiab plab hnyuv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm loj heev lom los ntawm poisonous nceb, kev puas tsuaj rau gastrointestinal ib ntsuj av, hlab plawv system, CNS, daim siab thiab ob lub raum yuav tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav pab nrog thawj cov tsos mob ntawm lom. Txij li thaum, piv txwv li, kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw mob ua rau los ntawm toadstool, nqa tawm nyob rau hnub thib ob, twb yuav nyob rau hauv vain.
Muaj ntau hom tshuaj lom tau ua rau tshwj xeeb yog thaum mob hauv tsev, tab sis lawv yuav muaj mob raws plab, ntuav, thiab mob plab. Cov cim pib ntawm kev lom neeg yuav tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub sij hawm, nyob ntawm seb qhov fungus noj. Yog li, piv txwv li, lom nrog daj ntseg toadstool yuav pom nws tus kheej ua ntej 8-18 teev, nrog cov kab - tom qab 6-10 teev, nrog ya-agarics - tom qab 30 feeb los yog 2-6 teev, nrog cws nceb - tom qab 1-6 teev. Tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom los ntawm lub cev, koj tuaj yeem siv ntuav. Nws ua, haus ib khob dej sov nrog 1 tablespoon ntsev los yog 1 teaspoon ntawm mustard. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom ntuav los ntawm kev haus dej ntau ntau, thiab muab ob tug ntiv tes rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig.
Nco ntsoov ntxuav lub plab. Tom qab qhov txheej txheem, ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau siv cov hluav taws kub ua siv roj (1-2 ntsiav tshuaj rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav). Raws li koj tau pom, ntau yam ntawm cov khoom plig muaj ntau. Hmoov tsis, nws tsis yog ib txwm yoojyim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom ua tau thiab inedible russines. Qee lub sij hawm txawm tias cov yeeb yam xws li xim, tsw thiab saj tsis tuaj yeem pab tau. Nco ntsoov: thaum lub slightest tsis ntseeg seb puas yog ib tug nceb zoo los yog lom nyob rau hauv ntawm koj, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tshem nws.
