Nqaij nyuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog rau ib tug neeg, vim nws yog qhov nqaij ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm lub cev rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab thiab cov vitamins.
Nyuj thiab bulls ntawm nqaij yug, raws li ib txoj cai, yog cov loj heev, lawv loj hlob sai sai, thiab lawv cov nqaij yog siab hauv calorie ntau ntau.
Nqaij nyuj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab mis nyuj, thiab qhov hnyav nce ntxiv tshaj cov pojniam ntawm cov khoom noj lossis cov nqaij thiab cov chaw muaj mis nyuj.
Tau ntev heev ntawm kev cog qoob loo, ntau hom tsiaj txhu tau pom, uas nyob hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev cuam tshuam lub hom phiaj rau kev xav tau ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog bred thiab reared.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov tsiaj txhu no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.
Hereford yug ntawm nyuj
The Hereford yug yog ib qho nrov tshaj plaws thiab nrov breeds ntawm cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Cov xim ntawm cov tsiaj yog tsaus liab, tab sis lub taub hau, withers, plab, dewlap, tail txhuam thiab qis dua ib nrab ntawm cov ceg tawv yog pleev xim dawb. Lub qhov ntswg ntawm cov nyuj yog daj ntseg liab.
Cov kevcai tswj ntawm cov neeg sawvcev ntawm no yug yog feem ntau nqaij. Cov tsiaj ntawd nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 125 cm, thiab ntev ntawm 150-155 cm Lub cev muaj cov duab ntawm ib lub phom, nws yog khooj seeb, tob thiab dav.
Fench yog lub zog, yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm yuav pom meej meej los ntawm sab. Lub kaus siab yog dav thiab muab sib sib zog nqus. Sab nraud thiab loin yog qhov dav tab sis luv luv. Lub horns yog tuab tuab, tab sis me me. Daim tawv nqaij npog nrog cov plaub mos mos me me, nyias nyias, tshau hauv cov qauv.
Bulls tau nce phaus ntawm 850 mus rau 1000 kg, thiab heifers - los ntawm 550 mus rau 650 kg.
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau fatten tsiaj ntawm no yug, lawv yog cov tsis tshua txaus siab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mus lawv cov pasture. Cov nqaij ntawm cov nyuj thiab cov nyuj yog zoo heev, yog txheej txheem ntawm "marble" nqaij. Ntawm kev tua tsiaj txog 58-62% ntawm tag nrho cov hnyav ntawm cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau nqaij, npaj kom txhij thiab siv.
Hereford nyuj tsis xav tu, lawv muaj peev xwm them tau ntev ntev, tsis raug rau tej kab mob, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib koom ceev ceev.
Lawv muaj heev ntsiag tolawv nyob ntev heev - 15-18 xyoo.
Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm lub neej, cov tsiaj tsis poob ntau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj, thiab fertility kuj nyob qis qis.
Muaj ntau cov kev sim uas tau ua tiav ntawm cov nyuj no. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws tau xaus lus hais tias cov tsiaj ntawm no yug nyob rau pasture noj yuav luag txhua hom nyom, tsis hais txog nws cov roughness. Cov nyuj no noj cov nroj tsuag.
Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm no yug yog tias calves yog yug me me, tsuas yog 25 kg ntawm hnyav. Tab sis lawv lub cev muaj zog txaus kom tsis txhob mob.
Rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev teb koj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ntau qhuav litter. Tom qab ntawd lub calves yuav tsis ntshai ntawm tej yam txias. Hereford nyuj yog tsis milked, vim lawv cov milkiness muaj tsawg heev. Cov calves tau khaws cia rau ntawm qhov nqus, tab sis rau tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm lactation muaj peev xwm muab tau los ntawm ib tug nyuj 1000-1200 kg ntawm mis nyuj, cov ntsiab lus roj uas yog kwv yees li 4%.
Belgian xiav nyuj
Lub Belgian xiav nyuj yog rightfully suav hais tias feem ntau cov cog lus nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws tau rho tawm ntev ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv qhov qhib chaw ntawm Belgium. Txij ntawd los, cov tsiaj ntawm no yug yog nquag txhim khu los tsim cov zoo nqaij.
Cov tsiaj ntawm no yug yog cov loj loj, cov ntaub ntawv yog hloov, cov nqaij ntshiv yog qhia meej heev. Subcutaneous cov leeg yog pom tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub caj dab, lub xub pwg, pelvis, rump thiab sab nraub qaum.
Cov nram qab ntawm cov nyuj yog ncaj, lub pob tw yog puag, tus Tsov tus tw yog meej heev cim, daim tawv nqaij yog elastic heev thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Cov nyuj no yog heev zoo tsim ceg, yog li ntawd lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim txav, kov yeej txoj kev loj.
Kev hnav ris tsho muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xim pawg, vim hais tias ntawm tus tsiaj yug nws lub npe.
Daim tawv nqaij yuav ua tau dawb, nplhaib-pegovoy, dub lossis muaj ntxoov ntxoo ntawm tag nrho cov xim dhau los. Qee lub sij hawm cov kab xiav no tej zaum yuav muaj pob liab liab, tab sis qhov xim no kis tau los ntawm ib qho genotype. Cov tsiaj txhu zoo heev vim lawv qhov xwm txheej.
Bulls nyob rau hauv lub prime ntawm lawv lub zog muaj peev xwm hnyav 1100-1250 kg, tab sis qee zaus qhov nyhav tshaj 1300 kg. ib tug nyuj muaj peev xwm sib txawv los ntawm 145 mus rau 150 cm Cov nyuj nce qhov nruab nrab ntawm 850-900 kg, thiab ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 140 cm.
Ib tug txawv lwm qhov feature ntawm no yug ntawm nyuj yog qib siab ntawm cov leeg kev loj hlob.
Geneticists pom tau hais tias DNA ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm no yug muaj ib lub noob uas suppresses cov protein ntau myostatin, uas yog ua los ntawm lub cev kom suppress nqaij txoj kev loj hlob tom qab ncav ib qho taw tes.
Nws yog vim hais tias muaj cov noob caj noob ces uas cov nqaij ntshiv nyob hauv no yug ntawm cov nyuj si tsis txhob pheej loj. Tus DNA ntawm purebred Belgian nyuj muaj ob daim qauv ntawm cov noob no, ua tsaug uas, thaum twg hla, cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tseem pheej loj hlob nqaij pob.
Cov plab hlaub tsis muaj cov tawv nqaij uas tau tsim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, thiab lawv pib nce cov nqaij pob txha loj 4 txog 6 lim piam tom qab yug me nyuam.
Vim nws qhov txawv txav, Belgian nyuj muaj cov khoom noj loj tshaj tawm los ntawm lub cev - txog 80%. Ntxiv mus, qhov nqaij nyug no yuav ua rau kev noj zaubmov yuav noj vim yog qhov txo cov roj tsawg uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm no nyuj.
Auliekol yug ntawm nyuj
Auliekol yug ntawm nyuj yog bred kuj nyuam qhuav, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhstan. Yuav kom tau qhov no yug, breeders hla ntau breeds, namely, Charolais, Aberdeen-Angus thiab hauv thaj av Kazakh dawb-taws yug.
Tau 30 xyoo, cov kws kho tsiaj tshwj xeeb tau coj cov nqaij ntawm cov nyuj no mus rau theem ntawm cov qauv zoo, ua tsaug rau hnub no auliekolsky nyuj yog bred ntawm cov chaw ua lag luam loj.
Feem coob ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no yug (li 70%) yog komolymi, uas yog, lawv muaj tsis muaj horns.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov nyuj yog lub teeb grey, cov kev cai lij choj yog muaj zog, cov thawv-zoo li lub npog. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, ib tug tuab pawg tshwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas tiv thaiv lub nyuj lub cev los ntawm hypothermia. Nws yog vim hais tias muaj cov plaub hau no, auliekolskie nyuj calmly mob loj heev frosts tsis muaj qhov hnyav hnyav.
Cov nyuj no loj hlob thiab pib sai sai. Ib tug neeg laus nyuj hnyav hnyav 950-1050 kg, thiab ib tug nyuj yuav nce ib qhov ceeb thawj ntawm li 540 - 560 kg.
Nws thiaj li tshwm sim tau tias tus heev nyuj tau "noj" 1500 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav.
Nqaij cov nyuj yog cov zoo tshaj, "marble", tsis muaj roj ntau. Thaum tua slaughter nqaij yog 60-63%. Nqaij ntawm cov nyuj no nyiam kev thov tshwj xeeb hauv cov lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan.
Auliekol nyuj yog heev hloov sai sai rau tej yam, txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv, cov huab cua puag. Ib qho tseeb qhov tseeb yog tias daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nyuj no yuav ua kom zoo li qub rau 4-5 txheej, thaum lwm tus poj niam muaj ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas tuaj yeem ncav tau txog 3 zaug xwb.
Cov nyuj no tsis tau tshwj xeeb rau cov vaj tse, thiab yuav luag txhua yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau noj tau zaub noj nyob rau hauv pasture.
Nws tseem yog nthuav los nyeem txog cov nta ntawm milking ib tug nyuj.
Kian nyuj
Kyan nyuj yog bred hauv lub Val di Chiana hav nyob hauv ltalis. Qhov no yug yog pom zoo raws li lub loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Nyob rau hauv CIS, cov tsiaj no tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Txij li thaum ntawd, lub Kian yug nyuj yuav pom nyob rau ntau lub teb, thiab tsis tsuas industrial yus.
Nyuj ntawm no yug pleev xim dawb, tab sis qee zaus koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsiaj uas muaj lub ntsej muag tawv nqaij tawv, thiab hauv bulls hauv siab yog feem ntau grey.
Cov pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj no nyias, lub taub hau yog qhov loj, qhov profile ncaj, tus horns yog me me. Cov quav hnyav yog qhov dav, qhov tawv nqaij yog qhov dav, cov nqaij ntshiv rau nws zoo tsim, lub dewlap yog mob pes tsawg, lub cev yog elongated, loin thiab rov qab yog dav, cov nqaij ntshiab heev tsim, lub pob tw yog du thiab ntev, cov ceg ntev thiab ncaj.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov nyuj yog mos thiab nyias.
Dua li ntawm cov neeg laus, cov hlav thaum yug tseem muaj xim liab. Yog li ntawd, lawv nyob twj ywm kom txog thaum lub sijhawm lawv muaj 3 hlis.
Qhov ntev, cov nyuj loj tuaj mus txog 170 cm, thiab bulls - txog li 195 cm Cov nyuj tuaj yeem 720 - 1000 kg ntawm qhov hnyav, thiab bulls - 1300-1800 kg.
Cov khoom noj mis nyuj haus ntawm no yug ntawm nyuj yog tsawg kawg. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug me nyuam mos nyuj yog 42-48 kg.
Rau lub hli tom qab yug me nyuam, nrog rau kev loj hlob zoo, kev tu vaj tse thiab kev noj haus, lub kub tau nce mus txog 220 kg ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav. Thaum lub sij hawm ib hnub ib tug nyuj los yog nyuj muaj nce nruab nrab ntawm 1 - 1.4 kg. Thaum tua noj, qhov feem pua tawm ntawm cov nqaij yog li 60-65%.
Hmoov tsis, no yug ntawm cov nyuj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem. Piv txwv li, cov tsiaj ntawm no yug muaj kev ntxhov siab, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem ncaws tau tus neeg, nrog rau tom thiab ntaus nrog ib tug kub. Lawv kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm dhau los, yog li lawv muaj peev xwm dhia dhau ib lub laj kab, qhov siab ntawm 2 m.
Dawb Aquitanian yug
Cov dawb Aquitaine yug ntawm nyuj raug xaiv nyob rau hauv Aquitaine, Fabkis. Nws tau los ntawm hla Goransky, Dawb Pyrenean breeds thiab nyuj Querci.
Dawb Aquitaine nyuj yog suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txij thaum tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm nws cov sau qoob, tsiaj txhu tshwj xeeb tau xyuas kom meej tias cov nqaij ntawm cov nyuj no muaj raws li cov qauv nyuaj rau kev xaiv zoo.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug nyuj yuav txawv los ntawm liab mus rau dawb. Cov feem ntau yog kub thiab nplej ntxoov, thaum lub voj voog nyob ib ncig ntawm ob lub qhov muag, sab hauv ntawm tus ncej puab, lub plab thiab lub thaiv hniav nyiaj yuav dawb.
Qhov zoo ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov nyuj yog elongated, lub muzzle thiab hauv pliaj yog dav, lub ntsej muag yog voos 3 duab. Txoj hlua tuaj yeem los yog tsis tuaj yeem. Lawv lawv tus kheej yog heev tuab, nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus - lub teeb, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim - tsaus.
Purebred dawb Aquitanian bulls muaj peev xwm ntsuas ntawm 720 mus rau 1200 kg, tab sis qee zaus qhov nyhav tau siab txog 1400 kg. Nyuj muaj peev xwm nce 630-820 kg.
Cov tsiaj ntawm no yug yog heev Hardy, tau tuaj yeem ob qhov loj tshaj frosts, thiab mob siab heev tshav kub.
Nqaij ob leeg nyob rau hauv bulls thiab nyob rau hauv chicks txhim kho heevtshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab ob txhais ceg.
Cov nyuj yog qhov zoo heev, lawv cov kev kho tsis tas yuav tsum muaj teeb meem ntau rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm "kev kawm".
Cov nqaij ntawm cov nyuj yog liab thiab tsawg nyob rau hauv roj. Nrog ib lub cev me me koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm 65 mus rau 70% ntawm kev noj zaub mov tiag tiag.
Charolais yug
Charolais yug nyuj yog bred hauv Fabkis. Cov tsiaj txhu yog nquag mus rau lub sij hawm ntev hauv lub tsev, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tau ntau yam roj tsawg ntawm cov nqaij tua tsiaj.
Sharolese nyuj yog heev loj, loj hlob sai heev, khwb khuav muaj mob pawg, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas ceev ceev. Cov xim ntawm cov nyuj tuaj yeem ua rau ntxoov ntxoo ntawm dawb mus rau daj.
Lub tawv taub hau ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog qaug zog heev. Lub taub hau ntawm cov tsiaj yog luv luv, lub hauv pliaj yog dav.
Lub caj dab yog fleshy, luv luv. Lub hauv siab yog teem sijhawm txaus, tom qab yuav luag tsis tuaj.
Cov leeg nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub cev zoo heev. Ob txhais ceg yog ncaj, ntawm medium ntev, qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm ib tug nyuj yog 135 cm, nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nyuj - 143 cm.
Feem ntau, cov nyuj no phua lub scapula, lub nraub qaum yuav siv rau ib qho tsis zoo, thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub cev yog nws lub plab hnyuv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau sharolez nyuj muab yug mus rau calves.
Txawm tias cov lus tsis txaus no, cov nyuj no nyob ntev txaus. Thoob plaws hauv lub neej, nyuj muaj peev xwm yug tau me nyuam yaus. Bulls nyob nruab nrab ntawm 15 xyoo, nyob hauv cov txiv ntoo - 13-14 xyoo.
Thaum lub sij hawm ua rog, nyuj loj dua cov leeg nqaij, tsis muaj rog nqaij, uas ua rau cov nqaij tsawg tsawg-calorie.
Bulls muaj peev xwm nce 1 - 1.2 tons ntawm qhov hnyav, thiab heifers - 0.6 - 0.7 tons. Charolais belongs rau nqaij breeds, tab sis cov nyuj no kuj muaj cov mis nyuj ntau tuaj, thiab tsis yog thaum pub niam mis.
Tsis tas li, qhov kev xaiv yog koj li. Xav tias dawb mus yuav tus nyuj uas haum koj los ntawm kev piav qhia. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm koj tau txais ntau zoo marbled nqaij nyug.
