Txhua tus vaj txiv loj hlob qos yaj ywm ntawm no, tab sis tsuas yog ib tus neeg tawm ntawm 10 tau txais zoo harvests.
Tom qab tag nrho, peb txhua tus accustomed mus rau, hais tias qhov no nroj tsuag tsis yog feem ntau whimsical.
Tab sis, feem ntau nws tshwm sim hais tias tsis tas siv zog ntau npaum li cas thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis tau.
Niaj hnub no peb xav piav qhia txog kev nthuav dav thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qos yaj ywm cultivation nrog kev pab ntawm Dutch technology.
Muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tau hnov tsawg kawg txog nws, ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm khib nyiab.
Txawm li cas los, paub txog qhov no technology yuav pab tau thiab dog dig gardeners, txij thaum feem ntau ntawm nws cov ntsiab yuav siv tau rau me me txaj.
Tus essence thiab tshwj xeeb sib txawv ntawm Dutch tshuab hauv lub cultivation ntawm qos yaj ywm
Cov cuab yeej no muaj ntau yam sib txawv uas feem ntau peb tsis siv nyiaj rau txhua qhov.
Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yuav luag txhua gardeners ntseeg hais tias nws yog txaus kom npog cov khoom cog nrog fertilizer nrog cov av, ib zaug los yog ob zaug, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg koj tau sau.
Zoo, lwm yam yog xim Colorado qos beetle, uas feem ntau muaj ua kom lo qhia kom nroj tsuag nroj tsuag.
Yog li, muaj cov qoob loo ntawm 250 kilograms ntawm qos yaj ywm los ntawm ib lub weave, gardeners feem ntau txaus siab, txawm tias tsis muaj realizing uas mus txog 450 kilograms ntawm cov khoom noj zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tau muab los ntawm tib cheeb tsam.
Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qos yaj ywm cultivation siv Dutch technology - ib qho uas tsis tau siab hlav.
Thiab nws yog tiav los ntawm kev siv thiab ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Rau yug me nyuam qos yaj ywm yog siv tshwj xeeb ntau high-yielding thiab high-quality Dutch ntau yam. Txawm tias lawv cov qhab nia nruab nrab ncav 40 tons ib hectare. Los ntawm txoj kev, kom tau cov ntau yam yog tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyuaj, vim hais tias hnub no muaj yog ib qho zoo heev export ntawm Dutch qos yaj ywm rau ntau tshaj li 70 lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov ntau yam yog nrov heev ntawm Belarusians. Ntawm lawv yog:
- "Anosta";
- "Auzonka";
- "Marfen";
- "Mona";
- "Tshaj Lij";
- "Ramono";
- "Sante".
- Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab siv cov khoom noj tsis tshua zoo heev.
Tsis muaj coob tus neeg xav hais tias thaum loj hlob tib yam ntau yam rau ob peb xyoos nyob rau hauv ib kab, tsis tsuas yog nws tawm los yog txo, tab sis ntau yam kab mob kuj tshwm sim. Yog li, lub qos yaj ywm xaiv los ntawm yav dhau los harvests ua nqa ntawm rot, scab, thiab lig blight.
Nws yog rau qhov no yog vim li cas txhua txhua tsib xyoos Nws pom zoo kom hloov qhab nia. Nyob rau hauv lub Dutch technology, qos yaj ywm rau cog yog xaiv tsuas yog ntawm ib tug me me, 3-5 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, thiab nrog 100% germination.
- Ib qho tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cog qos yaj ywm, nrog rau lawv cov ua los ntawm ntau yam kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Xav txog cov cai no yog suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub pub ntawm qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tsis txhob cia li nqa tawm, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej thiab ntawm ib tug ntau yam. Cov cuab yeej siv kuj piav qhia li cas thiab thaum twg hilling yuav tsum tau ua, thiab yuav ua li cas siab rau cov ridges yuav tsum tau tsim.
- Kev sau qeeb. Ntawm no lub ntsiab nuance yuav tau hais tias sau rau cov khoom ntawm noob cov khoom yuav tsum nqa tawm yuav luag ib lub hlis ua ntej tshaj li qos yaj ywm rau cov khoom noj khoom haus. Qhov no yog qhov ua kom muaj tus kabmob zoo rau yav tom ntej.
Yog hais tias koj ntsib lwm yam ntau yam - tau txais kev paub nrog lawv cov lus cog tseg, ua kom muaj peev xwm, thiab yog tag nrho qhov no pub koj loj hlob ntau yam ntawm koj lub vev xaib - xav dawb.
Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis yog tag nrho nws cov nta, vim hais tias peb yuav qhia txog tus neeg ob leeg hauv qab no thiab hauv ntau yam. Tab sis twb tau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus saum toj no nws yog tseeb hais tias ntau ntawm kev siv zog yuav tsum tau ua kom tau ib tug zoo sau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias koj npaj mus rau npaj loj-scale cultivation ntawm no nroj tsuag.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog qhov cultivation ntawm qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv straw
Dab tsi yog qhov mob rau cog qos yaj ywm thiaj li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Dutch tus tswv teb?
Raws li paub zoo, friable xau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau cov qos yaj ywm, qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub piav qhia technology. Txawm ua ntej cog lub tubers rau hauv av, lub tom kawg yuav tsum tau zoo ua, tilted los yog milled.
Vim li no, nws yog saturated nrog oxygen, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, accelerates qhov tshwm sim ntawm tua. Tiam sis tsis tsuas yog cov av yog lub ntsiab loj rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm no nroj tsuag, yog li ntawd peb yuav xav txog lwm tus.
Peb tsim cov feem ntau dej siab mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Dutch tau muab ci los xyuas kom meej tias nyob rau hauv thaj av uas qos yaj ywm muaj cog, ib qho kev hloov qoob loo yog nqa tawm. Qhov chaw qub yuav muaj peev xwm muab cov nroj tsuag no nrog cov khoom noj kom txaus nkaus xwb yog tias nws cog rau nws ib zaug txhua txhua peb lub xyoos. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws precursors rau qos yaj ywm yuav tsum yog lub caij ntuj no cereals.
Nws kuj muaj cov kev cai rau qhov yuav tsum yog kev pab cuam ntawm thaj chaw cog qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv kev, ntau preferable tos cov chaw tiaj tus tsis muaj qhov chaw qis qis. Tseeb tiag, noo noo tsis sib npaug faib rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj, thiab thaum qee cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj, lwm tus yuav muaj nyiaj seem.
Hais txog hom av, lub xub ntiag ntawm humus nyob rau hauv nws arable txheej, uas yuav tsum tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 2-2.5%, yuav ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv fruiting ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Npaj cog cov khoom rau kev loj hlob: lub ntsiab feem ntawm kev npaj
Nyob rau hauv lub Dutch technology, ib tug ntau ntawm mloog yog them rau cog cov khoom, txij li tag nrho yav tom ntej sau yuav vam khom nws.
Thiab txawm hais tias koj them siab tshaj plaws rau lub qos yaj ywm, thaum tubers cog nyob rau hauv cov av muaj cov neeg pluag germination los yog kis nrog cov kab mob, qhov no yuav phem.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib qho zoo cog cov khoom: kev cai thiab yam ntxwv
Saum toj no, peb pom hais tias qhov no technology muab rau xaiv ntawm tubers ntawm me me loj, uas yog tshuav rau yav tom ntej cog.
Nws yog qhov tseeb uas yog tsim nyog them nyiaj rau tsis tsuas yog mus rau cov tswv teb, tab sis kuj mus rau dog dig gardeners uas cog no nroj tsuag on lawv ob peb pua.
Dutch neeg ua hauj lwm xav tias yuav tsum tau ua siv rau kev cog lus tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv kho mobuas yog tsis muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab kis tus kab mob.
Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog high quality thiab certified certified qos yaj ywm siv, thaum xaiv tshaj plaws tsim ntau yam. Xws li, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog kos rau cov nram qab no:
- lub cheeb ntawm tubers los ntawm 3 mus rau 5 centimeters;
- varietal purity, uas excludes tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej qoob loo ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lwm yam qos ntau yam;
- 100% khoom sib txuas;
- High luam - qhov loj ntawm Bush thiab tus xov tooj ntawm tubers nyob rau hauv nws, lawv cov loj. Qhov zoo li no tseem siv cov ntsiab lus xws li "super elite" thiab "cov neeg tseem ceeb", uas tsis tau qhia txog tias cov qos yaj ywm yuav tsis siv los ua noob khoom.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Dutch siv technology cog qos yaj ywm twb germinated. Ua tau, qhov tseeb yog qhov tseeb tias cov noob muaj 100% germination.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsuas yog tias cov qoob loo tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus cuag lawv cov loj tshaj 0.5 cm, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav ua txhaum thaum lub caij tsaws tsaws, uas, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav txo tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau.
Peb koom rau hauv kev npaj cov av rau cog qos yaj ywm
Av npaj yuav pib pib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, nws yuav tsum tau muab plough mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 22 mus rau 27 centimeters.
Nws yog zoo dua los siv xws li plows uas muaj peev xwm los qhwv rau saum txheej ntawm av, cia li raws li peb ua thaum digging lub txaj nrog ib tug shovel. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua rau koj, ces tom qab plow, dump los yog furrow grooves yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub tshav pob.
Cultivator rau lub tiaj ntawm qos yaj ywm yog zoo dua los siv ib tug disc suab paj nruag, uas yog lub teeb txaus rau cov av.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum nws yog yuav luag lub sij hawm rau cog qos yaj ywm, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau av los pib lub milling cutter lossis milling cultivator, uas yuav ua rau cov av ntawm ib qhov tob ntawm 12-14 centimeters.
Txij li thaum hnyav tractors yog siv los ua ib qho cuab yeej milling rau cutter, nrog rau loosening thiab sib tsoo cov av, nws tseem theem thiab xa me nyuam rov qab. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm me me sau qoob ntawm qos yaj ywm, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm friezes rau txaj tau ua los ntawm ordinary forks, nrog ib tug deb ntawm 2-3 cm ntawm cov hniav thiab ib tug tuab tuab ntawm 0.5-0.6 centimeters.
Xws li cov phom sij feem ntau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb qhov qis, vim li ntawd nws yuav nyuaj rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog lawv.
Lub essence ntawm xws li ib tug av ntiav av kawm nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog tias nws pub rau kom cov av capillaries uas tsim tawm thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub yav tas rau cov qos yaj ywm, uas yuav cog rau yav tom ntej, yog tias los ntawm capillaries noo noo yuav ntws mus rau leej niam tuber.
Yog li, cov nroj tsuag yuav zoo khoom nkag nrog noo noo, nws yuav txom nyem tsawg dua los ntawm droughts. Ntxiv mus, av tillage nrog ib tug cutter yuav muab rau koj ib tug loj zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ripening qos yaj ywm, speeding li no txoj kev los ntawm hais txog 7-10 hnub.
Cog qos yaj ywm: lub embodiment ntawm Dutch technology
Thaum twg cog: sib tham txog cov hnub zoo tshaj plaws
Muaj coob tus gardeners yog siv los pib loj hlob qos yaj ywm yuav luag los ntawm heev thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub ntsiab qauv yog feem ntau suav hais tias xws li ib lub xeev ntawm cov av noo noo, kom txog rau thaum nws pib poob mus deb ntawm lub shovel. Tab sis tseem, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog thermophilicity ntawm qos yaj ywm thiab qhov tseeb hais tias nws yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv ib tug txaus rhuab av.
Peb cov yawm txiv tau muaj ib qhov tseeb, uas cia lawv pib plowing hauv pem teb thiab ntuav qos yaj ywm mus rau hauv nws - qhov no yog qhib ntawm birch nplooj.
Tab sis rau cov Dutch, xws li lub teb chaws txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cog qos yaj ywm tsis tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tab sis lawv muaj tib lub hom phiaj, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog, feem ntau, tib yam. Tab sis tseem, ib txoj kev zoo yog qhov taw qhia ntawm nws tus kheej hauv lub xeev ntawm cov av.
Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua ib qho sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm kev npaj cov av thiab cog qos yaj ywm, txij li thaum no yuav ua rau thawj zaug qhuav tawm thiab poob nws cov ntsiab zog.
Cog qos yaj ywm thaum cov av "ripen". Los txiav txim siab no, koj yuav tsum tau nqa ib qho av ntawm koj txhais tes, nyem nws nrog koj xibtes thiab muab pov rau hauv av ntawm qhov siab ntawm koj txoj siv. Yog hais tias ib tug poob qis ntog rau pieces los tsoo lub av, qhov no yuav qhia qhov paub tab ntawm cov av, yog tias tsis, tos kom txog thaum nws dries ib me ntsis.
Xws li cog hnub muab cog rau lub sijhawm los ua qhov siab tshaj plaws nplooj ntoos saum npoo (uas ceev txog li tus txheej txheem ntawm cov duab photosynthesis), thiab tseem yuav ua rau kom loj hlob sai ntawm tubers.
Cog qos yaj ywm Bushes hauv Dutch Technology
Lub Dutch technology tsis bypass lub cog qauv ntawm qos tubers. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ib m2 tsis tau cog ntau tshaj 30 stems ntawm no nroj tsuag, pub kom lub plantings yuav heev tuab.
Yog li, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm ib puas square meters (100m2), nws tau pub cog ntawm 400 rau 1 txhiab tubers. Txij thaum cog cov khoom siv yog tsis loj, ces nws tsis nkag siab rau embed nws heev dhau - nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom xa nws mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 4 centimeters.
Tab sis, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim hais tias tshaj lub sij hawm lub qos tsis tshwm nyob rau saum npoo, sai li sai tau tom qab germination, ib qho khoom siv ntawm bushes yog nqa, uas muaj tsim ntawm crests txog li 25 centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov siab.
Raws li kev sib cais, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw ntawm 65-80 centimeters. Ntawm chav kawm, ntau yuav txiav txim siab tias qhov no yog ntau dhau, tab sis xws li ib cheeb tsam yuav tsuas yog txaus rau zoo noj ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav paus, txij li deb ntawm nruab nrab ntawm tubers nyob rau tib kab yog lam xav tsis yog li loj.
Cov qos yaj ywm puas xav tau kev kho mob thiab nws yog dab tsi: cov lus teb rau cov lus nug tseem ceeb
Qos yaj ywm kev xav tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj xav ua kom tiav cov kab tsim los kom nws siv Dutch siv technology. Twb tau 14-18 hnub tom qab cog qoob loo lawm, nws yuav tsum pib ua kom tiav thawj zaug ntawm cov kab, vim hais tias lub sijhawm no feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav muaj sij hawm tshwm sim thiab cov qos yaj ywm ntawm qos yaj ywm yuav tshwm sim saum npoo.
Yog li, koj txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog tshem tag nrho cov nrojthiaj li hais tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm qos yaj ywm. Rau cov chaw loj ntawm cog qoob loo rau lub hom phiaj no, siv tus milling cultivator uas muaj qhov qub.
Lub dav ntawm lub tuav on xws li ib lub tshuab yog 3 meters, uas tso cai rau kev ua ntawm kab uake spacings sai heev. Tom qab nws yoojyim trapezoid ridges, mus txog 25 centimeters siab, li no npog qos seedlings nrog ib tug txheej ntawm zoo-loosened av.
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov hom ntawm tillage ntawm kab yog tias tsis tsuas yog tag nrho cov weeds raug muab tshem tawm, tab sis nrog tau trapezoid crests, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom zoo dua faib ya raws nyob ze ntawm lub qos.
Nyob rau hauv kev tshaj tawm, tag nrho cov dej ntau tshaj plaws yuav nkag mus rau qhov tsis muaj teeb meem (txij li nws cov av yog xoob heev), thiab nws cov ntau yuav ntws mus rau hauv lub furrow tsis muaj mob lub hauv paus system.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus piav qhia tsis muab rau kev sib tw ua ke, tab sis suav tias cov kev ntsuas nram qab no yuav tsum tau ua kev ntawm qos plantations:
- Daim ntawv thov ntawm herbicides. Txij thaum lub mechanical tillage yog tsis muaj nqa tawm, thiab weeds tsis nres lawv txoj kev loj hlob, cov av yog tseem kho nrog tshwj xeeb herbicidal npaj.
- Tua tawm tsam blight. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tsuas yog siv cov tshuaj, vim nws tsis yog lub hauv paus rau lwm yam kev cuam tshuam. Thaum lub caij no 5-6 kev kho mob yog nqa tawm. Siv thawj zaug yog tsuas yog thaum cov nroj tsuag pom thawj cov cim ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob.
- Ua noj qos yaj ywm plantations. Muaj tsawg kawg 3 zaug hauv ib lub caij nyoog. Thawj watering yog nqa tawm ua ntej pib ntawm flowering ntawm bushes, ob hnub tom qab ob lub paj yog ua tiav wilted, thiab tom qab txog 20 hnub lwm ib.
Peb pib harvesting qos yaj ywm: lub sij hawm thiab cia nta ntawm qoob loo
Nyob rau lub sij hawm sau los ntawm lub tshav tseem ceeb heev. Ntxiv mus, lub sij hawm ntawm cov nqi yuav yog nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj twg koj xav tau cov qoob loo uas ua rau: cov noob los yog cov khoom noj khoom haus. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kev ntxuav yog nqa tawm thaum pib heev ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm tib lub hlis.
Ib qho tseem ceeb: kom tshem tawm ntawm lub teb, koj xub thawj xav tau cov saum, thiab tom qab 10 hnub, thiab cov qos yaj ywm lawv tus kheej. Vim li no, tuber rind yuav muaj zog thiab yields yuav muab ntev dua. Rau cia nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los muab cov av qeeg thiab ib chav txias nrog qhov chaw zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam, qos yaj ywm tsis khaws cia hauv hnab, tab sis nyob hauv cov thawv ntoo.
