Cov nceb liab yog cov nceb noj uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab laum. Lub hav zoov, nyob rau hauv uas muaj mis nyuj nceb, yog ib qho kev nrhiav tiag tiag rau cov neeg tuaj nqa tuaj. Txawm lawv qhov chaw muaj koob npe los, cov Gordians nkaum ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag thiab nkaum hauv qab nplooj ntoo ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov hillocks ntau. Yog li ntawd, mus nrhiav ntawm no hom ntawm mycobionts, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus nqa ib stick nrog koj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav soj ntsuam tag nrho cov chaw uas cov mis nyuj nceb loj tuaj. Dub mis nyuj yog khoom noj khoom haus ua noj ua haus, qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia rau koj txog cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws rau nws npaj, yuav ua li cas cov mis nyuj nceb, lawv cov hom.
Koj puas paub? Mis nyuj haus tau nrov txij li lub sij hawm ntawm Kiev Rus. Ua kom pom tseeb tias tus neeg mob siab hlob tuaj, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm nws raug hu ua "heap" los yog "pawg". Qhov no fungus yeej tsis hlob ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg plantings.
Dab tsi zoo li gruzd: piav qhia ntawm nrov tsiaj ntawm nceb
Cov pwm dub yog cov nceb uas ib tus neeg paub txog cov nceb tuaj yeem pom zoo, tab sis rau cov neeg uas tsis paub txog hom kab no, peb yuav piav qhia: tus kab no yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg Russula, tus cwj pwm ntawm larch. Tam sim no muaj txog 20 hom mildew, uas zoo tshawb thiab piav qhia - qee yam yuav tau noj, ib txhia yog xam raws li kev mob.
Lub qhov ncauj dub
Black gruzd yog xam raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj nyob rau pawg thib peb. Leg gruzdya nruab nrab ntawm 6-8 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 2-3 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lub hau khawm kuj yuav muaj txog 15 cm inch. Lub kaus mom - funnel-puab, me ntsis qhwv li. Lub hau ntawm mundins tuaj yeem them rau ib zaj duab xis nyob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu uas lawv loj hlob - nws tag nrho nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov av noo. Xim tej zaum yuav txawv, ntxoov ntxoov ntxoo tej zaum yuav txawv los ntawm cov txiv ntseej dub rau tob xim. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cap, cov xim yog ob tone ib tsos tsaus dua li ntawm cov npoo.Zoo li tus so ntawm genus ntawm Mlechnikov tsev neeg, qhov loj yog saturated nrog kua txiv lacteal, thiab cov qauv ntaub so yog tias nws tau yooj yim crumble. Feem ntau, qhov chaw uas dub moulds loj hlob yog cuttings, birch thiab alder plantations, me ntsis-paub lub teb chaws txoj kev, meadows thiab hav zoov sawv. Koj tuaj yeem sau cov mis dub kom txog hnub kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg. Feem ntau, dub gruzd yog hu ua "gypsy" los yog ib tug nceb chernushka, thiab nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland lawv raug suav hais tias yog ib tug grebe. Txawm li cas los, dub dub yog zoo rau pickling thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom nws saj ntev - txog li 3 xyoos.
Dawb grudge
Dawb gruzd - ib qho ntawm feem nrov hom ntawm nceb. Mushroom pickers hu nws kuj "ntub dej dab" lossis "raw sink". Tam sim no cia peb qhia koj li cas thiab seb qhov twg cov mis nyuj dawb tuaj hlob tuaj: lawv loj tuaj rau hauv cov ntoo ntawm cov noog ntoo, ua kom pom cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, thiab txhua lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv pawg loj. Feem ntau cov neeg hu ua fungi no nyob rau thaj tsam thaj tsam ntawm Siberia, nyob rau hauv Urals, thaj tsam Volga. Thaum nug txog thaum cov nceb nce dawb, cov lus teb yog: lub sij hawm fruiting ntawm cov nceb pib thaum lub Yim Hli (tej thaum lawv tuaj yeem pom thaum lub Xya Hli) thiab xaus rau lub Cuaj Hli. Nws yog zoo dua mus de nceb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm no lub sij hawm, ces lawv muaj lub siab tshaj plaws saj. 
Nyob hauv lub hnub nyoog muaj hnub nyoog, ib lub kaus mom dawb tuaj mus txog 20 cm, thiab ib ceg loj hlob tuaj mus txog 7 cm Lub txiaj ntsim ntawm nceb yog khov rau hauv tus qauv, thiab thaum txiav, nws ua ib tug nplua nuj, fruity tsw. Cov tsos ntawm tus dawb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua lub suab paj nruag: lub hau yog dawb nrog daj me ntsis, lub hau yog nplaum, feem ntau nplooj los yog daim ntawm cov ceg ntoo sab laug.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias koj pom rusty me ntsis rau ntawm qhov chaw dawb, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tsis kam ua kom nws, vim hais tias qhov nceb yog twb overripe.
Kua txob Pawg (tiag)
Kua txob txob yog nceb uas feem ntau loj hlob hauv hav zoov, tab sis qee zaum pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Koj tuaj yeem sau tau cov nceb no hauv lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli. Kev piav qhia ntawm cov kua txob: 7 ceg siab, qhov ntim ntawm lub hau yog 7 mus rau 20 cm Cov duab ntawm lub hau khawm hloov nyob ntawm seb qhov loj hlob zoo ntawm lub fungus: thaum lub nceb yog cov me, lub hau yog qhov muag zoo, ces nws yuav ua kom zoo nkauj, nrog rau sab npoo. Lub kaus mom yog dawb, nws thiaj li pib npog nrog daj, xim av thiab xim av. Kua txob kua txob txhawj xeeb txog nws kev tsim nyog rau tib neeg noj: qee leej hais tias nws yog ib hom tshuaj ntxim nyiam, lwm tus hais tias nws tsis noj mov, sib cav hais tias lub pulp muab saj ntawm kua txob. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau confuse ib hwj txob kua txob nrog ib tug qhuav load, tab sis muaj ib qhov txawv ntawm lawv: kua txob ceg siab dua thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntau tshaj.Dua li ntawm tag nrho cov kev tsis sib haum, peppermint yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj: nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer ntawm lub cev twb tau raug pov thawj, thiab nws kuj muaj anti-fungal zog. Hauv Suav teb, nws siv los so cov leeg.
Boom daj
Qhov loj ntawm daj yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Syroezhkov chav kawm, ib hom ntawm lub lactifolia, ntawm Agaricomycetes tsev neeg. Lub kaus mom daj tuaj txog li 15 cm ntawm lub cev, nws hloov lub sijhawm thaum loj hlob - ua ntej lub hau yog convex, nrog lub khoob hauv nruab nrab, thiab lub sijhawm dhau mus nws muaj kev nyuaj siab, khov kho nrog tus npoo pov tseg. Cov xim ntawm cov fungus tuaj yeem yog golden daj los yog qias neeg daj. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high humidity nyob rau hau cap mucous quav hniav yog tsim. Lub hollow ceg hlob mus txog 6 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 4 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Xim ob txhais ceg - daj ntseg daj, nrog rau xim av me ntsis. Txav mus rau hauv paus, nws narrows. Cov nceb yuav muaj feem xyuam rau cov nceb noj ntawm pawg thib 2. Qhov feem ntau dav faib nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab Central Russia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm mus sau cov hom kab no yog lub sij hawm txij Lub Yim Hli mus rau thaum xaus ntawm Lub Kaum Hli. 
Koj puas paub? Cov nqaj luj yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj daj, tab sis qhov no yog tib hom, uas muaj ib lub npe sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv.
Aspen ntoo (poplar)
Aspen ntoo ntoo (Lactarius controversus) nyob rau hauv ntau yog hu ua "npauj". Nws yog qhov khoom noj rau cov zaub mov raws li qhov tseeb tias lub pulp muaj ib tug burning-bitter kua txiv thiab exudes ib tug mos, fruity tsw. Lub npe twb qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm qhov chaw no zoo li: feem ntau nws tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob rau hauv poplar lossis aspen hav zoov. Aspen bark yog loj loj, nws lub hau yuav ncav cuag 30 cm ntawm kab suab. Aspen ntoo feem ntau totaub nrog ib tus whitefish, tab sis nws muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv: qhov kev tu plaub hau ntawm lub hau yog tsawg tshaj qhia. Cov xim ntawm lub cap yog milky dawb, tej zaum nrog ib tug yellowish tint, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog daj ntseg liab me ntsis. Qhov disadvantage ntawm no tsiaj yog lub av ntawm mushroom cap, uas yog sau los ntawm lub sij hawm fungus yog tsim underground. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Aspen ntoo tsuas yog tsim rau salting thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav siv tau rau ziab.
Qhov twg hlob gruzd: nta ntawm cov khoom
Tam sim no, thaum peb twb paub txog cov tsos ntawm cov mis los ntawm cov mis thiab lawv cov tsiaj, peb tham txog qhov twg los saib rau lawv thiab seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws los sau lawv. Gruzdy collection pib thaum lub Yim Hli Ntuj - ces qhov tseeb tshwm. Feem ntau nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ib lub hav zoov pine-birch, nyob rau hauv deciduous hav zoov, tej zaum nyob rau hauv coniferous plantings thiab nyob rau roob slopes. Cov mis nyuj yog cov loj nceb, thiab, xav tias lawv loj hlob hauv pawg, koj tuaj yeem sau ib pob tawb ntawm nceb ntawm ib qho glade.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua mus sau cov mis nyuj nceb tom qab nplua, yog li ntawd hu ua "mushroom" los nag. Tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj tos medium-qhov loj me nceb - lawv yuav tsum tau muab ntev, tab sis overripe nceb yuav tau inhabited los ntawm worms. Tom qab pouring los nag, nws yog tsis pom zoo kom sau nceb, raws li lawv deteriorate sai dua. Nws yog tsim nyog los sau cov nceb, ua tib zoo txiav tawm ntawm cov ceg uas nyob ze rau hauv av, tsis txhob rub tawm li cas. Nws tsis tas yuav muab cov kua mis nyob rau hauv ib lub pob tawb, kom muaj chaw seem ntawm cov nceb, vim yog tias koj tamp lawv, lawv tuaj yeem raug puas ntsoog.
Koj puas paub? Qee zaum cov neeg tuaj de nceb, thaum lawv khaws cov mis nyuj khov, tso siab ntxhiab, txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm cov nceb los ntawm kev sib tov ntawm tsw ntawm nceb, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv qaub los yog kua txob.Feem ntau koj xav sau cov nceb nceb ntawm koj lub vev xaib, thiab nyob rau hauv cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov nceb noj muaj cov lus nug txog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob mis nceb hauv tsev. Raws li, nws yog ua tau kom ua li no, tab sis nws yog teeb meem heev, vim hais tias qhov loj hlob nyob rau hauv symbiosis nrog tsob ntoo, sib sau ua kab mob micro. Vim hais tias lub mycelium tshwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, mis nyuj nceb yog "khi" rau tej hom tsiaj ntawm cov ntoo, uas nyuaj ntxiv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv nyob hauv tsev.
Zaub mov txawv ua pajdles: salting, frying, pickling
Dub tshuaj yej muaj ib lub paj siab saj, thiab yog li ntawd lub chefs tau tsim ntau yam recipes rau npaj cov nceb. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev npaj ntawm cov mis nyuj haus yuav siv sij hawm ntau dua, vim hais tias, vim muaj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lawv qhov kev ua qoob, lawv yuav tsum tau ntub ntev dua. Cov mis nyuj haus feem ntau yog salted, pickled, thiab cov neeg uas tsis xav kom tos rau lub caij ntuj no mus noj noj nceb, fry lawv tom qab sau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev ntxais cov mis nyuj nceb yog marinating, vim hais tias ntawm no cov mis nyuj nceb yog raug kho cov cua sov.Xijpeem txoj hauv kev ua noj uas koj xaiv, ua ntej txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau soak mis nyuj rau 3 hnub, tas li hloov cov dej. Rau salting, nws yog zoo dua xaiv glass, ceramic los yog enameled ware tsis muaj cracks los yog xeb, yam tsis tau kaw nws nruj nreem kom tsis txhob muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm microorganisms nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws daim ntawv qhia rau salting salmon yog cov nram qab no: koj yuav tsum tau 5 kg ntawm nceb thiab 2 khob ntsev, koj tseem yuav tsum tau Cherry los yog currant nplooj, dill tsis umbrellas, ib ob peb cloves ntawm qej. Mis nyuj jelly yuav tsum tau ntxuav, soaked thiab rinsed zoo. Muab lub nceb nyob rau hauv lub dav saucepan thiab npog nrog dej txias, npog nrog lub hau. Saum toj no nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho tus "neeg sawv cev hnyav hnyav", rau qhov no yog ib lub txhab nyiaj muaj dej txaus. Muaj peev xwm nrog nceb tso rau hauv ib qho chaw txias, hloov dej ntau zaus hauv ib hnub. Tom qab peb hnub, lub nceb yuav tsum tau nws. Txhua lub nceb yog rubbed nrog ntsev thiab tso rau hauv txheej, hloov nrog qej thiab horseradish, sliced daim hlau. Layered nceb hau nrog gauze, on to top ntawm gauze nteg tawm horseradish nplooj, currants thiab cherries. Nceb yog nyob rau hauv lub yoke ntawm lub hli nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov nceb tsis moldy, thiab ncuav brine. Ib lub hlis tom qab, lawv kis tau rau hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj yav tas los thiab npog nrog lub hau. Raws li marinating, ntawm no koj yuav siv tau vinegar thiab ntsev rau qhov kev npaj ntawm brine, raws li tau zoo raws li ntxiv ntau spices. Qhov feem ntau cov qauv ntawm pickling yog pickling nrog qej, kua txob, vinegar thiab Bay nplooj ntoos, thiab cloves kuj yuav ntxiv. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua xws li nceb yog yooj yim: ntxuav, soak thiab yaug lub mis nyuj. Muab tso rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub thiab coj mus rau ib tug boil. Nceb yuav tsum rhaub kom ntev li 10 feeb. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ua noj ua haus, koj yuav tsum tas li tshem tawm cov npaus los ntawm nceb, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm ua noj - pov lub nceb rov qab on ib tug sieve thiab yaug hauv dej ntws. Marinade yog npaj raws li nram no: rau 2 kg ntawm salmon koj yuav tsum tau 1 liter dej, 2 tbsp. l ntsev thiab txuj lom rau saj. Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw - ob qho tib si kua thiab qhuav - sib tov thiab boil rau 15 feeb tom qab boiling. Qij thiab currant nplooj raug muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub hub, dill, on to top, nceb tsis heev nruj, ncuav marinade mus rau theem ntawm lub caj dab thiab ntxiv 1 tsp ntawm 9% vinegar rau txhua lub hub.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom kaw cov kaus poom nrog hau hau hauv dej thiab qhwv lawv nrog ib daim pam sov sov ua ntej txias. Khaws cov nceb zoo dua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias txias.
Frying Nceb - Nws yog ib qho ntev, thiab rau cov mug frying, qhov no yuav npaj tau qeeb tau ob hnub: rau ob hnub cov nceb yuav soaked, tom qab ntawd muab 2 zaug npau npau, kub npau npau thiab kub hauv npau npau 5 feeb. Npaj lub nceb yuav tsum yog muab hle qhov txhuam (nws zoo dua siv lub hau) thiab muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub uas tsis muaj roj, npog thiab stew rau 10 feeb. Kua txiv, uas yuav muab cov nceb, koj yuav tsum ntws. Mushrooms ntxiv nrog zaub roj, qej thiab parsley thiab kib kom txog thaum Golden xim av.
Sau cov nceb noj yog ib qho khoom noj txhua lub sijhawm, tabsis thaum lub sijhawm sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kua mis koj tuaj yeem xav zoo li cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ntawm lawv hauv pawg ntawm cov nplooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog ib qho zoo ntxiv rau lub rooj.
