Qeb ntawm txiv hmab "Baikonur"

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog laus, ntau tau koom nrog viticulture thiaj li yuav tsim los ntawm cov qoob loo uas muaj zog hauv tsev muaj zog.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov no, technical ntau yam twb cog rau ntawm thaj av, uas muab ntau ntawm kua txiv xav tau rau yav tom ntej cawv.

Niaj hnub no, ntau lub zog los nrhiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog zoo saj thiab kev nthuav qhia, kom txaus siab rau cov cua lauj kaub tais diav kom zoo thiab kho lub rooj noj mov nrog cov chaw zoo nkauj.

Nws yog lub rooj txiv hmab uas peb xav los qhia koj hauv tsab xov xwm kom muaj cov lus zoo zoo.

Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yog hu ua "Baikonur".

Dab tsi yog tshwj xeeb lies qab xws li ib tug nrov nrov lub npe: varietal yam ntxwv ntawm txiv hmab "Baikonur"

Qhov no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim nws muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo heev.

Baikonur yog tshwm sim ntawm pib xyaum ua qoob loo, thiab nws cov kws sau ntawv yog ib tug txiv neej uas muaj npe nrov ntawm cov neeg ua teb wine, EG Pavlovsky. Rau ntau yam tshiab, qhov no pib xyaum ua siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xws li grape ntau yam raws li "Talisman" thiab "Pretty Woman" (yav tas los kuj yog ntawm Pavlovsky xaiv).

Thawj qib siv tau los ua ib tug neeg pub rau Baikonur, thaum lub thib ob tau ua ib daim ntawv thiab xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Vim nws zoo stability thiab adaptability, qhov ntau yam yog zoned nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam, nws yog grown txawm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow (tab sis raws li ib tug npog kab lis kev cai).

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau piav ntau yam yog npaj rau kev noj haus, aided los ntawm nws zoo heev saj.

Zoo nkauj thiab elegant pawg - cia li ib tug ua lag luam daim ntawv ntawm no ntau yam, thiab tag nrho cov offspring ntawm Pavlovsky authorship.

Cylindroconic, feem ntau tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus teb, cov pawg ua muaj qhov loj me me xwb. Lub berries tsis muab tso rau lawv tightly, uas ua rau cov qauv ntawm cov pawg nruab nrab xoob. Qhov nruab nrab, lawv phaus yog 0.4-0.7 kilograms, tab sis nrog li niaj zaus pruning ntawm tua thiab pub ntawm vine, rau feem ntau cov feem ntau loj pawg yog tsim, weighing txog li 1 kilogram thiab txawm ntau.

Tab sis ntawm chav kawm, hais tias lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm pawg ua si los ntawm berries, thiab nyob rau hauv kev - lawv cov xim. Nyob rau ntawm cov txiv hmab "Baikonur" berries yog heev loj hauv me me. Qhov no yog evidenced by lawv qhov hnyav nruab nrab, uas yog sib npaug rau 12-16 grams.

Kev hais lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ib tug yuav tsum kos rau lawv cov zoo kawg nkaus thiab, tib lub sij hawm, txawv txav: lawv muaj ib tug heev elongated, elongated thiab nipple-puab puab. Yog li, qhov ntev ntawm ib tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm txawm tias yuav yog 4 centimeters. Pom lawv ib zaug, tsis meej pem nrog lwm hom ntau yuav tsis ua haujlwm.

Xws li cov xim, feem ntau ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog txawv ntawm ib qho tsaus ntuj cherry, tsaus liab lossis xiav xim liab-liab xim, uas yog sib npaug ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (thiab tsis nyiam hauv "Kev Zoo Nkauj"). Tiam sis dhau li no, cov berries kuj muaj ib txheej ntawm pruine (ib txheej ntawm siv quav ciab, uas feem ntau npog ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm grapes), tab xim nyob rau hauv maub liab doog los yog yuav luag dub.

Qhov saj ntawm no ntau yam yog tsim nyog mentioning cais. Berries muaj nqaij ntom heev, thaum noj mov uas zoo nkaus li zoo li ib tug crunch. Vim li no, qhov saj ntawm berries hloov tawm heev nthuav thiab harmonious. Lub peculiarity ntawm no ntau yam yog nws yam ntxwv lub teeb saj, uas muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo sau ntawv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias tsuas yog cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov berries xwb, nws yog yooj yim noj tsis tau tawm hauv tej yam tsis kaj siab saj, raws li tej zaum kuj tshwm sim. Ib qho loj ntxiv ntawm no ntau yam yog nws zoo heev qab zib txuam nrognws feem pua ​​tsis tsawg tshaj 19-20%.

Zoo fruiting yog ntxiv rau ntawm no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Vim lub zog-loj hlob Bush thiab zoo heev kom loj hlob ntawm cov tua (thoob plaws hauv txoj kev loj hlob), lub yields ntawm grapes "Baikonur" yog heev high. Txawm li ntawd los, ntau pawg yog tsim ntawm ib tug Bush, uas tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab, nws tsuas yog tsis muaj peev xwm nyiaj mus tag nrho ntawm lawv - xws li tua tau tawg, los yog pawg yuav ua tau me me.

Raws li rau hnub kawg rau tag nrho cov ripening ntawm "Baikonur" grape sau, lawv pib 110 hnub tom qab Bush nkag lub caij loj hlob. Yog li, ntau yam yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau thaum ntxov heev, vim hais tias sau ntawm nws sau yuav pib los ntawm thawj xyoo caum rau Lub yim hli ntuj.

Nws tseem yog tsim nyog them nqi rau lub fact tias nws yog ib qhov ua tsis tau mus rau sab nraud nrog no, txij li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav khaws cia rau hauv Bush rau ib lub sij hawm ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv tsis poob qhov zoo ntawm ob qho tib si los yog lawv cov saj zoo.

Luv luv txog dab tsi muaj peev xwm hu ua lub ntsiab zoo siab Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo "Baikonur"

• Kev nthuav qhia zoo, qhov loj thiab saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
• Thaum ntxov ripening ntawm qoob loo.
• Suitability rau lub sij hawm ntev thiab kev thauj mus los, nyob rau hauv uas berries tsis puas thiab tsis showered nrog ib pawg.
• Bush muaj ib lub paj ntawm ob qho tib si. Qhov tseeb no tsis yog tsuas yog 100% pollination ntawm tag nrho cov paj, tab sis kuj qhaj ntawm pea on pawg.
• Vim lub tawv nqaij, txawm nrog kev tawm dag zog heev nyob rau hauv cov av noo noo thiab huab cua, lub berries tsis keej.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkawj thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov cultivation ntawm daim ntawv no tsis tau pom.
• Nws muaj zoo heev tsis kam mus fungal kab mob ntawm vineyards, nrog rau powdery mildew, oidium thiab grey puab.
• Siab txaus ua hauj rau qis kub: ntoo uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tolerates frosts mus rau -23 ° C. Txawm tias qhov no, cov kev puas tsuaj tau tseem npog rau lub caij ntuj no.
• Raws li cov kws txawj, Baikonur yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj cov kab ua haujlwm zoo heev, tsis tsim kom muaj kev lag luam.

Zoo li ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas ntau yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm grapes, "Baikonur" muaj ib qho loj drawback: nws yog me ntsis kawm. Cov ntaub ntawv uas peb tau qhia saum toj no yeej hais ntau txog qhov no txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis tsis lav tias nyob rau hauv ib ntawm lub xyoo nws muaj peev xwm manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv kiag li. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau lub sij hawm ua nws tsis yooj yim sua kom kos cov lus xaus hais txog yam dab tsi ntawm lub hav txwv yeem muaj peev xwm dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws.

Rau ntau, qhov tsis zoo yog nalice pob txha nyob rau hauv grape berries. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam lawv yuav ua tau los ntawm 1 mus rau 3. Lawv muaj me me, yog li lawv tsis xyaum thaum noj.

Nws kuj yog nthuav los nyeem txog qhov Autumn grape inoculation.

Yuav ua li cas cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb: teeb meem thiab tseem ceeb yam

Ntau tus neeg xav tsis tsuas yog cog lawv cov av, tab sis kuj yuav tau txais ib qho zoo sau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, cov txiv hmab hauv cov nroj tsuag feem ntau tau muab cog ua tus dai ntawm lub tshav puam, arbors, arches thiab tsev ncaj qha.

Yog tias koj tseem tabtom mus cog cov txiv ntoo nyob ze koj lub tsev, qhov no yuav tsum ua kom tiav thiab thaum lub sijhawm. Txwv tsis pub, koj muaj peev xwm poob ob leeg lub Bush thiab yuav sab laug yog tsis muaj nws zoo nkauj harvests.

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem tau propagated nyob rau ntau txoj hau kev, qhov zoo ntawm qhov feem ntau yog tib yam, tab sis qhov muaj ib co nuances yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account:

• Cog txiv hmab nrog seedlings. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsuas yog ua tau yog tias koj qhov chaw tsis tau hlob grapes. Ua tsaug rau cog ntawm grape varietal seedlings, Bush yuav muaj tag nrho cov zoo thiab disadvantages ntawm nws ntau yam, nws txoj kev loj hlob yuav gradual thiab sim, fruiting yuav pib los ntawm 3-4 xyoo.
• Inoculation varietal cuttings mus rau rootstocks, tom qab uas rho lub qub Bush. Qhov no yog siv yog tias koj txiav txim siab los hloov lub qub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam nrog ib tug tshiab kiag li ib. Qhov loj zoo ntawm qhov no yog hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas Bush los ntawm thawj hnub muaj ib tug loj txaus ntawm perennial ntoo thiab ib tug zoo-paus paus system. Qhov no pub rau nws loj hlob sai dua thiab nkag mus rau hauv fruiting. Tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, ntau yam ntawm cuttings thiab rootstocks tej zaum yuav tsis yeej sib xws, los yog varietal zoo ntawm lub qub tej zaum yuav tshwm nyob rau ib tug tshiab Bush.
• Luam ntawm grape bushes los ntawm txoj kev ntawm rho. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb kom muaj ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo grape + nws yuav tsum yog Baikonur ntau yam. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, dab tsi txog qhov luam ntawm lwm Bush, koj muaj peev xwm nug koj tus phooj ywg uas twb muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Lawv tsuas yog khawb hauv cov av ib ntev thiab muaj zog khiav tawm. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, nws yuav siv sij hawm hauv paus thiab pib tsim raws li cov nroj tsuag cais. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tau cais los ntawm lub ntsiab Bush thiab transplanted rau nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ua yuav luag txhua xyoo.

Grapes yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg kom tshav ntuj txausthiab tsis muaj los ntawm cua txias los yog stagnation ntawm cov cua txias. Tsis xav vim hais tias lub grapes yog suav hais tias yog qab teb nroj tsuag.

Vim li no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau cog on lub cuab ntxhiab yuav sab sab qab ntawm lub tsev: ua ntej, Bush yuav tsis shaded, thiab ob - lub tsev yuav ua kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua. Tab sis, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov nta ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm koj qhov chaw, vim hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias lub grapes loj hlob on nce qib los yog tsawg mounds.

Rau cov av, qhov no kab lis kev cai tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov av nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm 2-2.5 meters, thiab cov av tuaj yeem nqus tau cov dej noo zoo. Txawm li ntawd los, cov av nplaum zoo li xau kuj tsis ua hauj lwm, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm tshaj ib tug me nyuam yaus nrog dej. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lub teeb xau.xws li lub ntiaj teb dub.

Lub tswv yim ntawm cog vines kuj yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb. Tom qab tag nrho, nrog heev ntom plantings, lub bushes yuav tsis tsuas yog ntxoov ntxoo txhua lwm yam, tab sis kuj "nyiag" muab kev pab cuam ntawm txhua lwm yam (hauv paus system ntawm grapes yog heev zoo tsim). Yog li ntawd, qhov deb ntawm bushes "Baikonur" nyob rau hauv ib kab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 meters, thiab nruab nrab ntawm kab - txog 4.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog yuav luag tsis paub mus twv ntau heev nrog cov hnub tsaws, vim lawv ncav heev. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws yog tau kom cog vines pib los ntawm xaus ntawm lub Peb Hlis Ntuj mus rau lub caij ntuj sov heev.

Qhov tsuas caveat - rau txhua lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm yuav haum koj txoj kev ntawm tsaws. Qhov ntxov tshaj caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog cov seedlings uas tau muab txij thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj muaj peev xwm ua kom khoov. Tab sis nrog rau qhov pib ntawm ruaj cua sov twb ntsuab seedlings yog cog.

Autumn cog ntawm grapes yog nqa tawm ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum cov nroj tsuag pib dhau mus rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm so. Nws yog ces hais tias koj muaj peev xwm pib mus rau lub harvesting ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cog, thiab lawv ncaj qha tsaws. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob chim dhau, vim lawv tuaj yeem ua tau txias thiab ua rau tsob nroj tshiab (yog tias koj tsis tswj kom npog lawv).

Thaum ntxov cog ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg yog tsis ntshaw, vim nws muaj peev xwm ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug seedling, thiab nws tom qab frostbite nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.

Cog ntawm ib tug grape Bush yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb ua ke:

1. Kev npaj ntawm qhov tsaws aub tsiv. Ua noj ua tsiv yuav tsum yog 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub tob yuav tsum loj li sai tau kom muab ntau ntawm fertilizer nyob rau hauv lub qhov. Optimally - 80 centimeters. Ib tug sib tov ntawm humus thiab fertile av yog poured rau hauv qab. Qhov no sib tov yuav tsum sift zoo ua ntej cog lub seedling, thiaj li hais tias nws tsis poob hauv qab hauv av. Lwm txheej ntawm av yuav tsum tau poured tshaj lub fertilizer.
2. Xaiv thiab npaj ntawm seedling. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav ib tug seedling, tab sis yog tias koj muaj kev nkag tau mus rau lub cuttings ntawm Baikonur grapes, koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob ib seedling ntawm koj tus kheej los ntawm tsuas yog cog lub txiav nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub raws li ib tug sab hauv nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias koj xaiv ib sapling, ces them sai sai rau hauv paus system - nws yuav tsum noj qab haus huv, raws li evidenced by dawb xim ntawm lub keeb kwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txiav-tawm point ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub seedling yuav tsum ntsuab. Ua ntej cog, lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug seedling yuav tsum tau lowered rau hauv dej rau 1-2 hnub.
3. Mus tsaws ncaj qha. Ib tug sapling poob mus rau hauv ib lub qhov xwb mus rau theem ntawm lawv paus ntseg tsho, uas muaj peev xwm txawm yuav me ntsis tsa saum toj no hauv av. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tiav ib lub qhov, maj mam tsis tawm hauv cov huab cua (ntawm cov hauv paus hniav yuav qhuav).
4. Kev saib xyuas ntawm ib sapling. Tom qab cog, lub seedling yuav tsum tau watered nrog kom txaus dej - txog 3 thoob. Tom qab ntawd, cov av yog tas them nrog Moss los yog sawdust, uas yuav cia noo noo nyob rau hauv ntev dua hauv av.

Grafting cuttings yog ib tug heev yooj yim txoj kev ntawm propagating grapes, tshwj tsis yog ntawm chav kawm muaj ib tug laus vine Bush ntawm koj qhov chaw. Rau qhov no:

• Koj yuav tsum npaj lub cuttings ua ntej. Qhov qis ntawm qhov txiav yuav tsum tau muab txiav rau ob tog. Qhov no yuav tsim kom muaj kev sib ze sib txuas ntawm nws thiab qhov Tshuag. Raws li tau zoo raws li lub yub, ua ntej grafting lub cuttings yog lowered rau hauv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo heev rau siv nws, yog li hais tias kom txog thaum nws muaj peev xwm siv paus, lub txiav tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rau qhuav.
• Tus Tshuag yuav npaj tau tam sim ua ntej grafting. Lub qub Bush yog muab tshem tawm yuav luag - tsuas yog 10 centimeters ntxiv. Qhov ntim ntub yuav tsum ua kom zoo, nws yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom du lug thiab tshem tag nrho cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau lub Tshuag, qhov nruab nrab yog txiav txim siab thiab muab faib ua raws nraim li nws. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob sib sib zog nqus, txwv tsis pub koj tuaj yeem tsim kev kub ntxhov.
• Lub txiav yog txo qis rau hauv qhov cais tawm ntawm qhov uas tau txiav ua ntej. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum nruj nreem nruj nreem, txhim kho kom ntau li ntau tau. Tom qab ntawd, qhov graft yog smeared nrog ntub av nplaum. Lub Tshuag yuav tsum tau watered, thiab cov av ib ncig nws yuav tsum tau them nrog Moss.

Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug zoo sau - muab grape nrog rau txoj kev saib xyuas zoo!

• Nws yog tsim nyog los dej ib tug me nyuam yaus thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej nws pib rau lub paj. Tsis tas li ntawd, noo noo yog tseem ceeb rau grapes thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog - thaum lub sij hawm droughts.
• Txhua cov dej tau nrog nws cov lus los ntawm mulching ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw. Rau mulch, siv Moss los yog thickened sawdust.
• Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws ntawm fructifying Bush - tsis tu ncua txhua txhua xyoo. Siv humus, potassium phosphate chiv thiab nitrogen.
• Pruning ntau yam no yog pom zoo ntev. Nws yog zoo dua mus siv nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg (ces koj tau tam sim ntawd npaj lub cuttings).
• Rau lub caij ntuj no, no ntau yam yuav tsum tau them. Rau loj bushes koj muaj peev xwm tsim zaj duab xis corridors.
• Rau kev tiv thaiv, lub grapes yog sprayed txhua txhua xyoo, nyiam dua ua ntej flowering Bush.