Txhua txhua xyoo, los ntawm kev dag zog ntawm breeders, ntau thiab ntau dua tshiab ntau yam ntawm grapes tshwm.
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias qhov kev kab lis kev cai no tau paub txog noob neej rau ntau txhiab xyoo, nws tseem ua raws li kev cog lus ua ntej.
Tom qab tag nrho, qhov txaus siab ntawm tiag tiag lovers ntawm grapes tsis tau appeased, thiab lawv siv tag nrho lawv dawb lub sij hawm los tsim cov zoo tshaj plaws grape ntau yam.
Ib tug ntawm xws li pib xyaum ua breeders yog EG Pavlovsky.
Thiab hnub no peb yuav qhia koj mus rau ib qho ntawm nws newest grape ntau yam, uas twb tau tswj los yeej muaj kev hlub ntawm ntau.
Nws yuav yog hais txog cov txiv hmab "Rochefort" thiab cov cai ntawm kev cog thiab kev tu rau ntau yam zoo nkauj no.
Rochefort lub varietal nta: txawv grape ntau yam
Qhov no muaj ntau yam nyob hauv private vineyards ntawm Ye.G. Pavlovsky, uas siv Talisman txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam li cov niam txiv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "Rochefort", hla nws nrog ntau yam pollinated nrog ib hom ntawm European-Amur txiv hmab txiv ntoo hu ua "Cardinal". Qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug ncaj ruaj ntau yam ntawm grapes, uas suab tsis tas yuav tsum tau mloog los ntawm grower.
Vim li no, nrog rau ntau lub zoning ntawm ntau yam thiab nws cov fruiting zoo, "Rochefort" yog nce nyob rau hauv ntiav cheeb tsam ntawm grape lovers zoo li Ye.G. Pavlovsky nws tus kheej.
Distinctive nta thiab ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm bunches ntawm Rochefort grapes
Ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm txhua txhua yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yog qhov loj ntawm nws pawg thiab saj ntawm berries.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Rochefort txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsis muaj ib qho yuav tsum tau txhawj txog nws, txij li tag nrho nws cov yam ntxwv yog siab.
Nyob rau hauv kev, nws pawg yog loj heev nyob rau hauv qhov loj thiab hnyav rau nruab nrab li 0.5-0.9 kilograms. Lawv cov tsos yog elegant theej, lub berries yog nruj nreem tso, lawv muaj ib tug conical duab.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov pawg no yuav luag 100%, uas yog ua rau lawv qhov benchmark rau lwm yam. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm grapes ntawm piav ntau yam nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yog lawv cov xim. Nws yuav txawv ntawm maub liab mus maub liab, thiab txawm dub, thaum overripe sau.
Tus duab ntawm berries yog tseem nthuav: lawv yog cov puag ncig, tab sis me ntsis flattened on sab. Qhov nruab nrab loj ntawm berries yog 2.8 x 2.6, nrog ib tug loj ntawm 7-9 grams. Nrog zoo ua teb, tus neeg berries tau ncav cuag ib qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 12 grams.
Lub saj ntawm Rochefort grapes yog heev harmonious, noo nrog lub muag heev thiab ntxiag aroma ntawm nutmeg. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab kev sib tw ua rau lub cev ua kom zoo dua. Daim tawv nqaij tseem tsis cuam tshuam rau saj, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm no nws yog qhov zoo tuab.
Txog ntawm sweetness ntawm grapes yuav judged by feem pua ntawm cov piam thaj, uas yog 14-15%. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub acidity ntawm berries yog nyob rau ntawm ib theem qis - 4-5 g / l.
Peculiarities ntawm fruiting thiab ripening lub sij hawm
Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov txiv hmab thiab zoo heev saj ntawm berries, tawm los ntawm no grapes yog nruab nrab, thiab nyob rau hauv tsawg xyoo nrog kev kho mob zoo siab.
Nyob rau hauv kev, nruab nrab tus naj npawb ntawm cov qoob loo uas muaj peev xwm yuav sau los ntawm tsuas yog ib qho txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog 4-7 kilograms. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov zoo txaus hauv qhov teeb meem no.
Nyob rau hauv kev, lub Rochefort grape yog ib qho ntawm ob peb thaum ntxov thiab resistant grape ntau yam nrog ib tug tsaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij xim. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm Bush tau siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug heev luv luv lub sij hawm, culminating nyob rau hauv tag nrho maturation ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv 105-110 hnub.
Qhov no ntau ripens txawm 10 hnub ua ntej tshaj li nws "niam txiv", lub Cardinal txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam, kwv yees li nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj. Qhov loj zoo yog qhov tseeb tias Bush pib bloom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub rau hli ntuj, yog li ntawd, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts tsis txaus ntshai rau sau.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub shrub yog zoo positioned rau fruiting, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug heev muaj zog-loj hlob shrub thiab bisexual paj.
Yog li, nws zoo tshaj plaws pollinated yam tsis tau txais kev pab thiab muaj peev xwm dais txhua lim ntawm qoob loo. Qhov siab tshaj ntawm ib qho nroj tsuag "Rochefort" - 30-35 ob lub qhov muag.
Tus tua ntawm Bush bush paub zoo heev: nrog ib tug ntev ntev ntawm 1.35 meters, 2/3 ntawm nws ntev matures. Thaum pruning tawm tsuas yog 22-14 tua ib shrub (yog hais tias nws muaj ib thaj chaw txaus).
Ib me ntsis txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiv hmab "Rochefort": vim li cas nws muaj nuj nqis thiab hlub?
Muaj ntau tus kws kho mob pom zoo tias qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: xws li qhov kev loj hlob, thaum ntxov ripening ntawm qoob loo thiab siab tiv thaiv yog tsawg heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam nrog tsaus daim tawv xim.
Nyob rau hauv kev, koj yuav tsum tau kos koj cov xim rau cov txiaj ntsim nram qab no ntawm Rochefort txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam:
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm bisexual paj tsis tsuas zoo pollination thiab ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qoob loo, tab sis kuj qhaj ntawm pea berries.
- 100% kev lag luam thiab kev tsim nyog ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev thauj mus los.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj zoo khaws cia tsis ntev ntawm lub sij hawm, tom qab lawv raug txiav los ntawm Bush.
- Muaj ib tug heev tsis kam ntawm ntau yam mus rau yeej ntawm xws fungal kab mob ntawm vineyards li mildew thiab oidium (tab sis lub vine yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom spraying lawm).
- Qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam yog simplicity ntawm nws cov tu tub tu kiv, uas yog tau vim yog lub zoo rooting ntawm cuttings.
- Bush yuav luag tsis ntshai ntawm tsawg lub caij ntuj no kub. Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis vov yog tseem tsis tau ua los ntawm kev txo tus pas ntsuas kub mus rau -23 ° C. Thaum twg zus nyob hauv nruab nrab band yuav tsum nkaum.
- Qhov ntau yam tsis yog heev whimsical nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, yog li tsis muaj kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws nws yuav dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, uas nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ris txiaj los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyiam.
Cons Rochefort "txiv hmab txiv ntoo: seb koj yuav tsum tau cia siab rau kev saib xyuas kom zoo
Txawm tias tag nrho heev siab tsis kam ntawm ntau yam, nws yog heev susceptible rau phylloxera. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog zoo dua mus propagate nws los ntawm txhaj tshuaj mus rau lub rootstocks ntawm lwm yam ntau yam resistant rau no Kab Tsuag thiab parasite.
Qhov tseeb yog hais tias yog hais tias phylloxera hits hauv paus system ntawm ib tug Bush, nws yuav yuav luag tsis tau tshem ntawm nws, thiab nyob rau hauv qee tus txawm txawm muaj tshem tawm tag nrho Bush. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug grape Bush yog heev ntshai ntawm cua daj cua dubuas yog tshwj xeeb txaus ntshai rau nws thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm.
Qhov loj tshaj raug lawv yuav ua tau yog tshem tawm koj ntawm sau, coj tag nrho cov paj thiab inflorescences ntawm grapes. Vim li no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom loj hlob ntau yam hauv cheeb tsam tsis muaj cua, los yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tsev los yog tsev.
Nws kuj yog nthuav los nyeem txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau wine.
Peb pib cog Rochefort txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm peb tus kheej lub cev
Yog hais tias koj tau koom nrog vaj teb ntev ntev los yog cia li nyiam ua thiab loj hlob ib yam dab tsi hauv av, ces cog cov txiv hmab tsis zoo li tag nrho rau koj li ib yam dab tsi ntxiv hnyav. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov theoretically kom paub tag nrho cov nta ntawm txoj kev no, ces xyaum yuav zoo li commonplace.
Los npaj koj zoo rau qhov no, peb piav tag nrho cog ntawm ib tug Bush nplooj thiab nws cov ntsiab nta.
Txoj kev ntawm kev luam tawm ntawm grapes: xaiv qhov feem ntau cov kev xaiv pom
Yog tias peb xav txog txoj kev cog qoob loo, ces tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog qhov sib luag thiab yooj yim. Tab sis, txhua yam muaj peev xwm muaj qee yam ntawm nws tus cwj pwm txawv, uas muaj ib qho los sis lwm txoj kev yuav tsis haum rau nws. Lub grapes multiply:
- Cog cog qoob loo rau lawv tus kheej keeb kwm.
- Grafting ib varietal soj caum rau Tshuag nrog ib tug loj txaus ntawm ntoo.
- Luam dua ntawm grape Bush nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kais dej.
- Sawb noob txiv ntoo.
Sib tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Rochefort" tsis nco qab tias qhov no ntau yam tshwj xeeb yog raug rau lub yeej ntawm phylloxera. Hauv qhov no, cog nws ntawm nws tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav tau ntau zaus tig mus ua "kev tuag". Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev ntawm luam ntawm no grape yog nws grafting lub feem ntau ruaj stocks. Xws li ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj muaj peev xwm yuav nqa tawm ntawm seedlings, uas muaj peev xwm yuav yooj yim yuav nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb nurseries.
Tab sis, yog tias ntawm koj qhov chaw muaj ib tsob ntoo qub qub, uas koj tau ntev xav hloov nrog lwm tus, xav pub dawb los cog Rochefort rau nws thiab txaus siab rau zoo harvests.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw twg lub Rochefort grape loj hlob ?: Cov txheej xwm tseem ceeb thiab yuav tsum tau
Zoo li txhua tus txiv hmab peb piav qib yog thermophilic heev. Nws yuav tsum cog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj thiab tsis shaded cheeb tsam. Txwv tsis pub, lub Bush yuav tsim heev tsis zoo, thiab ntau cov qoob loo thiab lub sij hawm raws sij hawm ntawm lawv cov ripening yuav tsum tau tsis nco qab zoo rau nws.
Peb twb tau hais tias "Rochefort" tsis tshua muaj tus neeg mob nrog cua hlob, vim li no qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws txoj kev tsaws yog qhov chaw nkaum sab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev (los yog tsawg kawg sab qab teb sab hnub poob). Yog li, ib lub tsev los yog lwm tus qauv yuav ua kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua hauv sab qaum teb thiab, tib lub sijhawm, tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa zoo rau kev tuaj yeem tua cov nplooj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev thaum cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau hauv tus account qhov deb ntawm ob peb bushes. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws no tseem ceeb heev vim hais tias nws tshem tawm qhov kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib tsoo sib npaug nrog rau kev sib tw.
Vigorous bushes, uas yog cov cwj pwm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam piav qhia, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cog ntawm qhov tsawg ntawm 2 meters los ntawm txhua lwm yam, txawm tias koj tuaj yeem khiav tawm 4. Vim qhov no yuav tsis muaj chaw ntau ntau rau nws, av.
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob nco qab ib qho. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov no qoob loo tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog fastidious nyob rau hauv dav dav, cov av rau lawv kev loj hlob yuav tsum yog fertile. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau tuaj nqa lub teeb xau uas yooj yim nqus noo, tiam sis tsis tuav nws ntev ntev rau lawv tus kheej. Tsis txhob hnov qab qhov ntawd Grape paus system yog heev powerful, yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv ib qho chaw tsaws tsag, xav txog theem ntawm av dej tshwm sim. Qhov tob qhov siab yog li 2-2.5 meters.
Ib me ntsis txog dab tsi lub sij hawm cog lub grapes "Rochefort"
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cog grapes yuav heev ncav us txog. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb tus qauv ntawm tsaws, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - nyob rau lub caij.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tau muab khaws cia txij thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, cog nrog cov tuaj txog ntawm thawj tshav kub (txawm tias lawv yuav tsum tau them rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, grafting cuttings yuav nqa tawm mus rau lub tseem stocks stays. Feem ntau, cov kev coj ua no tuaj yeem nqa tom qab hnub kawg, mus txog rau thaum lub Plaub Hlis.
Tab sis cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedlings uas tau zus los ntawm cuttings thiab muaj ntsuab tua, nws yog tsuas yog tom qab qhov pib ntawm no thiab ruaj ntseg kub. Feem ntau lawv ua nws txawm nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub rau hli ntuj.
Autumn cog tsis yog li ntawd ncua sij hawm. Nws yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli (los yog me ntsis tom qab / ntxov, nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua hauv cheeb tsam hauv koj cheeb tsam). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb txaus siab rau koj txoj kev zoo rau lub caij nplooj zeeg cog: thaum lub sij hawm no, cog cov ntaub ntawv npaj, yog li ntawd nws yooj yim dua cog qoob loo thiab cog rau hauv av, es tsis yog lub khw muag khoom kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tau kawg, ntau tus neeg txhawj tias lawv tuaj yeem khov ib lub caij ntuj no, tab sis yog tias nws zoo lawm, cov kev txhawj xeeb no yuav tsis muaj dab tsi.
Cog grapes "Rochefort" nyob rau lawv tus kheej keeb kwm nrog kev pab los ntawm seedlings
Ua ntej cog cov txiv hmab hauv txoj kev no, koj yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu kom tsis muaj kab tsuag phylloxera hauv cov av. Yog hais tias xws li ib tug kab mob tau pom, cov av yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kho thiab sab laug barren rau ob peb lub xyoo. Tsuas yog tom qab hais tias nws yog tsim nyog pib npaj ntawm ib qhov rau ib sapling:
- Nws yog npaj ua ntej thiaj li hais tias chiv thov rau nws yuav tso.
- Qhov tob thiab dav ntawm qhov aub tsiv - 80 centimeters.
- Ib tug sib tov ntawm zoo fertile av thiab 2-3 thoob ntawm humus caij nplooj ntoos zeeg mus rau hauv qab.
- Lwm txheej ntawm yooj yim av yog pw tshaj chiv, txij li ib tug high concentration ntawm chiv yuav puas lub seedling lub paus system.
- Lub qhov dej yog nyob rau ob peb lis piam xwb.
Tom qab qhov aub tsiv yog npaj txhij, koj tuaj yeem mus rau xaiv thiab yuav ntawm seedlings. Hauv kev txiav txim rau koj yuav khoom yuav zoo, them sai sai rau hauv paus system: nws yuav tsum muaj dawb thiab tsis puas keeb kwm. Qhov tseeb tias sapling yog noj qab haus huv thiab tsis qhuav tuaj yuav qhia los ntawm ntsuab xim ntawm txiav.
Cog ib tug seedling yog tias nws yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov mus rau theem ntawm lawv paus ntseg tsho thiab maj sau nrog av. Hauv ib nrab ntawm txoj haujlwm no koj muaj peev xwm ncuav ib lub thoob dej rau hauv lub qhov taub, uas yuav ntub cov av, tawm hauv qhov tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov hnab cua.
Nyob ze cov txiv hmab tseem ceeb heev tsav ib prop. Cov av ib ncig ntawm tsuas yog cog seedlings yuav tsum plentifully moistened thiab yuav tsum tau mulched.
Cov nta ntawm grafting cuttings "Rochefort" mus rau rootstock
Cog cog rau rootstocks yog yooj yim thiab zoo, txij thaum lub Rochefort cuttings yog rooted heev sai sai thiab zoo. Lawv feem ntau yog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Txiav ntev cuttings yog tsis tsim nyog, nws yuav txaus 2-3 qhov. Rau lawv cov hauv paus hniav zoo tshaj, qhov qis yog txiav tawm ob sab thiab txo qis rau hauv dej rau qee lub sij hawm.
Yog hais tias koj yuav cog ib qho kev txiav rau lub caij ntuj no, nws yuav tsis ua tau ntau yam rau nws, uas yuav tso tau ya raws kom ntev dua.
Npaj lub Tshuag nws tus kheej yog ib txoj kev yooj yim txawm. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tshem lub qub Bush, tom qab uas ib tug txawm txiav thiab penechki 10 centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov siab yog sab laug.
Qhov ntuag nto yog ua tib zoo ntxuav, nws tshem tag nrho cov khib nyiab thiab av. Qhov feem ntau lub luag hauj lwm yog ua kom muaj ntiav cais nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov Tshuag, uas cov txiav yog muab tso nrog nws cov cuab txuam rau hauv. Tom qab ntawd rootstock yuav tsum tightly tightened nrog ib daim ntaub los yog hlua, smeared nrog ntub av nplaum. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov tib yam li nrog tsuas yog cog seedlings.
Yuav ua li cas los xyuas kom meej kev saib xyuas ntawm vine: luv tswv yim
- Qhov no kab lis kev cai xav tau ntau ntawm noo noo. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm nkag ntawm Bush mus rau hauv lub loj hlob rau lub caij, ua ntej flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej sau, lub grapes yuav tsum tau watered. Yuav tsum tau ywg dej rau lub caij ntuj sov.
- Tom qab txhua tus watering cov av yog mulched: 3-4 centimeters ntawm Moss los yog sawdust.
- Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws ntawm grapes - ib tug muaj kev vam meej sau. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb rau cultivate Bush nrog organic teeb meem, potash-phosphorus chiv thiab nitrogen.
- Yuav kom tsim kho tus tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov pob txha ntawm cov txiv hmab hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nqa tawm txhua xyoo rau 6-8 lub qhov muag.
- Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, grape bushes yuav tsum zais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal yog raug tshem tawm txhua xyoo, 3 zaug ntawm ib lub caij.
