Yuav kom loj hlob tau ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo me ntsis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev haum hnyav txaus ntshai European kev nyab xeeb, koj tsis tas yuav tsum yog ib tug guru nyob rau hauv viticulture.
Txoj hauj lwm no tsis yog qhov nyuaj li nws yuav zoo li.
Tias yog vim li cas nws tsis yog nyuaj rau loj hlob xws li ntau yam li "Zabava".
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no, ces cia li ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no.
Nqe lus piav txog txiv hmab "Zabava"
Ntau "Zabava" - rooj txiv hmab, uas yog bred by V.V. Zagorulko thaum hla ntau yam "Laura" thiab "Kodryanka". Qhov thib ob lub npe ntawm no ntau yam yog "Laura Dub".
Ripens sai sairau 100 - 110 hnub. Bushes loj hlob zoo, tua zoo zoo. Cov duab ntawm nplooj ntoos ntau "Fun" coj los ntawm cov thawj ntawm "Laura". Cov pawg yog cov loj, nruab nrab ceev, loj ncav 700 - 800 g, cylindric conical puab.
Lub berries yog heev loj, weighing txog li 10 g, lub duab yog elliptical, oblong. Cov tev ntawm xiav xiav xim, nrog ib tug siv quav ciab, tsis yog muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj. Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, crunches, Sweet rau saj.
Kev ntseeg siab yav dhau los, Zabava nrog cua txias mus -23 ° C. Qhov ntau yam tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm grey rot thiab oidium, tab sis yog cuam tshuam los ntawm mildew. Nqa khoom tiab tau zoo heev thiab ua kom muaj tsheb npav thauj.
Virtues:
- qab zib saj
- high yield
- zoo Frost tsis kam
- tsis puas los ntawm grey pwm thiab oidium
- zoo nkauj nthuav qhia
- ua rau muaj kev thauj mus los
Disadvantages:
- puas los ntawm mildew
Hais txog cov nta ntawm cog ntau yam
Ploj hlaub ntau yam "Zabava" noj hauv paus hauv av, tsis hais nws cov qauv thiab cov degree ntawm fertility, tab sis nws yog zoo dua, ntawm chav kawm, kom loj hlob on dub av. Vim yog siab tsis kam mus frost saplings npaj txhij mus rau av nyob rau hauv ob lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg.
Thaum cog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xam lub deb nruab nrab ntawm yav tom ntej bushes thiaj li hais tias nws tsis yog tsawg tshaj li 2.5 m Yog tsis yog, ib tug muaj zog Bush yuav tsis cia lub weaker tsim.
Thaum yuav cov txiv hmab ntoo seedlings yuav tsum tau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau lub keeb kwm. Lawv yuav tsum theej tuab, ywj pheej, thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb, tsis muaj pov thawj. Yog hais tias hauv paus system ntawm seedling yog dehydrated, ces tsis muaj dab tsi yuav txuag nws.
Cov tsob ntoo ntsuab yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv nqaij, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev mob los yog los ntawm tib neeg. Qhov ntev ntawm lub xyoo ib xyoo yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 15 cm.
Ua ntej cog, lub keeb kwm yuav tsum tau me ntsis txiav mus rau ib tug ntev ntawm 10 mus rau 15 cm, thiab kuj mus shorten tus tua, tawm hauv 4 peepholes. Paub tseeb kos cov xim ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm kev txiav. Yog hais tias lawv yog cov dawb, ces tag nrho yog zoo, thiab yog hais tias lawv yog cov xim av, ces ib tug seedling tau muab pov tseg.
Kev loj hlob zoo li Heteroauxin, Appin, Cornevin yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv paus hniav. Nyob rau hauv txhua bush koj xav tau khawb ib qhov 0.8 x 90.8 x 90 m. Sab saum toj txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm hauv qab thiab tov nrog humus.
Tom ntej no, qhov sib xyaw kom haum yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov dej, ib txheej ntawm 40 cm yuav tsum tau ua kom tsim nyog. Ib lub sapling yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv av thiab them rau hauv av, uas yog qis txheej. Nws yog tsim nyog los sau ib lub sapling thiaj li hais tias 10 cm ntawm ib qhov nyob twj ywm. Twb tom qab cog, lub yub yuav tsum tau muab ywg dej nrog 2 mus rau 3 thoob dej. Tom qab tag nrho cov dej noo yog absorbed, cov av yuav tsum tau loosened rau zoo dua nkag tau ntawm oxygen mus rau lub keeb kwm.
Thaum kawg cov av yog mulched.
Nws kuj yog nyiam kom nyeem cov cai ntawm kev zov me nyuam rau cov txiv hmab.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tu rau ntau yam "Zabava"
- Watering
Grape ntau yam "Zabava", raws li ib tug zoo vigorous nroj tsuag, xav tau dej kom ntau rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, rau tag nrho cov loj hlob rau lub caij, cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau mus rau 4-5 zaug nrog ib lub caij nyoog ntawm 2 lub lim tiam thiab nrog xam ntawm 3-4 thoob dej rau ib 1 sq.m.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum subzero kub yog tsis pom, dej lub grapes rau thawj zaug. Tom qab ntawd, ua ntej flowering thiab tom qab flowering 2 ntau watering yog ua.
Thaum cov pawg twb tau tsim, thiab cov berries nyob rau hauv lub cheeb hu 5-6 mm, lub sij hawm rau cov dej txuas ntxiv tom ntej.
Ua ntej koj them lub bushes rau lub caij ntuj no, koj yuav tsum tau ua dej recharge dejuas yuav muab keeb kwm nrog dej rau tag nrho lub caij ntuj no. Qhov ntim ntawm qhov dej tshaj yuav tsum tau nce mus txog 6 thoob dej rau 1 sq.m.
- Mulching
Thiaj li rau qhuav bushes ntawm grapes tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj dej, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yuav tsum tau them nrog mulch. Kuj mulching yog tsim nyog rau preservation ntawm tshav kub hauv cov avthiab tseem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj.
Raws li ib qho tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav siv tau straw, sawdust, mowed nyom, thiab raws li khoom siv khoom - ntawv, cardboard. Lub thickness ntawm txheej ntawm mulch yuav tsum ncav cuag 5 cm, thiaj li hais tias txoj kev no tau to taub.
- Tshem tawm
Qhov ntau "Zabava" yog heev frost-resistant, yog li ntawd nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau mus rau vaj tse seedlings rau lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv ib tug sov huab cua. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam temperate kev nyab xeeb tsam, qhov twg winters yog heev loj, nws yog tsuas yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv grapes bushes. Ua li no, txhua vine Bush yuav tsum tau khi nrog ob peb strips ntawm daim ntaub, pw rau hauv av thiab ruaj rau saum npoo.
Nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom nteg qee cov khoom nyob rau hauv vine, piv txwv li, nyias plywood, polyethylene, ib tug loj txheej ntawm tuab daim ntawv thiaj li hais tias tua tsis kov hauv av nws tus kheej, pub kom tus txheej txheem ntawm lwj yuav pib.
Tom qab ntawd dhau ntawm lub tsob ntoo tawg tau tsim cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlau uas yuav tsum tau tsav tsheb mus rau hauv av. Ntawm no arcs koj yuav tsum tau rub lub yas zaj duab xis, uas yuav tiv thaiv lub bushes los ntawm teeb meem ntawm Frost. Piv txwv, zaj duab xis no yuav tsum tau tsau, piv txwv, nrog lub ntiaj teb los yog cib, thiab qhov xaus yuav tsum sab laug qhib ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost. Tab sis lub sij hawm kom thaw lub xaus kuj yuav tsum qhib.
- Pruning
Vim yog lub hauv paus loj txaus ntawm cov pawg, lub vine yuav overloaded, uas yuav ces ua rau kev puas tsuaj loj. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau normalize lub load ntawm bushes.
Zoo dua txhua txiav qaug zog tuauas yuav tsuas tabkaum ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau lub zog. Txiav cov ceg yuav tsum nyob rau theem 6 - 8 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd cov load ntawm Bush yuav tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 45 qhov.
Pruning ceg yog zoo dua nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub bushes tseem tsis tau nkag mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm active vegetative kev loj hlob. Raws li rau pruning lub sapling, lub Ib xyoo lub sprout yuav tsum tau shortened txhua txhua xyoo, tawm ntau thiab ntau lub qhov muag. Cov viav vias sab ceg, lawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 4 x, vim nws yog lawv cov uas yuav txi txiv.
- Fertilizer
Raws li koj paub, nrog rau lub active siv ntawm cov av, nws yog depleted. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus ua rau cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv, yog li ntawd txiv hmab txiv ntoo bearing nroj tsuag muab ib tug li niaj zaus sau.
Yog hais tias koj loj hlob grapes nyob rau hauv koj lub vaj, thiab nyob rau hauv kev, ntau yam "Zabava", ces koj yuav tsum tau tas li fertilize cov av.
Pob zeb hauv av chiv yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo, thiab organic - ib zaug nyob rau hauv 2 - 3 xyoos. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws organic chiv yog humus, peat, compost, nqaij qaib manure.
Raws li rau cov pob zeb hauv av chiv, grapes yuav tsum tau nitrogen, poov tshuaj, phosphorus thiab zinc.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum nws yog lub sij hawm pub dawb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv, ib qho kev daws ntawm superphosphate, ammonium nitrate thiab potash ntsev yuav tsum tau mus thov rau cov av (20 g ntawm superphosphate, 10 g ntawm ammonium nitrate thiab 5 g ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev yog siv rau 10 liv dej).
Ua ntej pib grapes pib tawg, koj yuav tsum ua kom zoo li qub. Ua ntej harvesting nitrogen, uas nce lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los pab.
Ua ntej yuav tsum vov lub bushes rau lub caij ntuj no, poov tshuaj yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau rau grapes, uas yuav pab tau lub bushes mus rau lub caij ntuj no. Yuav kom fertilize kom raug, koj yuav tsum khawb ncig ditches 40 cm sib sib zog nqus ib ncig ntawm txhua bush. Cov ditches no yuav tsum tau qhia lub voj voos uas muaj lub vojvoog ntawm 50 cm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw.
Nws yog ntshaw tias lub hnav khaub ncaws coincided nrog dej. Yog li ntawd fertilizer yuav zoo dua mus rau cov av.
- Kev tiv thaiv
Hmoov tsis, ntau yam "Zabava" tau phem heev puas los ntawm mildew, yog li nco ntsoov tiv thaiv lub bushes los ntawm no fungal tus kab mob.
Lwm lub npe rau tus kab mob no yog qhov qaug zog mildew. Nws yog pom los ntawm mildew los ntawm daj oily me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj thiab yog peev xwm ntawm strike txawm txawm berries. Yog li ntawd, los mus sib ntaus tus kab mob no yog tsim nyog.
Raws li kev ntsuas ntawm kev tswj koj xav tau tshem tawm tawg thiab puas ceg, lub vines yuav tsum tsis txhob kov hauv av, thiab bushes yuav tsum tau kho nrog ob daws ntawm Bordeaux kua: thaum tua tau ncav 15 cm ntev, lub bushes yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug daws ntawm 0,75%, nrog ib tug daws ntawm 1%, lub bushes yuav tsum tau ua tiav ua ntej flowering, tom qab flowering thiab ua ntej lub berries ripen.
Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam mildew yuav zoo fungicides. Yog hais tias ib co plua plav grey pib tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, lub grapes yog ntaus nrog oidium. Colloidal sulfur (1.5%), thiab fungicides, yuav pab tiv thaiv oidium.
