Tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas tag nrho cov nplua mais ntawm grape ntau yam uas yuav zus nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm peb lub teb chaws, rau nkawv noj, peb txhua tus muaj peb cov tsiaj.
Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug kiv cua ntawm nplua nuj grape tsw, xav ntau yam ntawm liab grapes thiab xav loj hlob loj pawg, xav tias dawb los xaiv Victoria grapes.
Ntawm chav kawm, ntau pib xyaum ua winegrowers feem ntau tawm lus tsis zoo txog qhov no ntau yam, vim hais tias nws yeej muaj qee qhov teeb meem.
Peb yuav sim xav txog kev nthuav dav thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm no thiab qhia tswv yim seb yuav ua li cas nrog cov teeb meem ntawm "Victoria".
Yuav ua li cas yog nws, grape "Victoria": ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam
Cov lus no txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj qhov kev nthuav qhia zoo meej, yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias teb sab. Yuav kom tau nws, ib qho nyuaj ua ke ntawm ntau hom tau siv. Hauv particular, Txuag Vilar 12-304 txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv los ua ib qho chaw uas pub dawb rau neeg pub dawb.
Nws tau hla nrog ib tug hybrid sib tov ntawm xws li Euro-Amur ntau yam li "Vitis Winifers" thiab "Vitis Amurenzis". Ntxiv rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws stability, tshiab ntau yam ua rau skoroplodny: thawj cov qoob loo yog Victoria Victoria txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muab rau 2-3 xyoos tom qab cog los yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ntaus ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab "Victoria": yam ntxwv txawv
Lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam piav qhia yog ntawm tus nqi tsis yog vim hais tias nws muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo heev, tab sis kuj vim nws loj thiab muaj kuab pawg. Txog qhov nruab nrab qhov loj ntawm ib pawg txiv hmab ntawm no ntau yam yog 0.5-0.7 kilograms. Nrog kev ua teb zoo thiab muaj kev sib haum ntawm cov qoob loo, qhov loj ntawm lub grapes nce significantly. Qhov zoo ntawm cov pawg yog feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv conical, nrog me ntsis compacted berries muab tso rau nws.
Ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov loj ntawm grape berries ntawm no ntau yam: muaj ib qho ovoid duab, qhov nruab nrab loj ntawm ib tug Berry yog 2.7 x 2,2 centimeters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov berries yog txog 6-7.5 grams. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub vine qoob loo no qhia tau deb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, nws tseem ceeb txaus siab thiab saib taus. Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm grape ntau yam "Victoria" yuav ua tau rau xim liab-raspberry xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm berries.
Lub saj ntawm cov berries yog heev qab ntxiag thiab harmonious, ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas plays ib tug fleshy thiab muaj kua nqaij. Nrog rau tag nrho ripening ntawm grapes, lub berries kuj tau lub cim tsw ntawm nutmeg. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov suab thaj ntawm berries on nruab nrab yog 18% ntawm acidity theem ntawm 5-6 g / l.
Nta ntawm fruiting thiab tawm los ntau yam "Victoria"
Bush ntawm no grape ntau yam muaj ib lub zog los yog medium loj hlob lub hwj chim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntawm tag nrho cov tua uas tsim rau nws thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob lub sij hawm, txog 70-90% yog fruitful. Yog li, ib tug Bush tau tsim highs siab, uas yog vim li cas lub Bush yog feem ntau overloaded.
Qhov coefficient ntawm fruitfulness, uas yog, tus naj npawb ntawm pawg uas poob rau 1 tua ntawm ntau yam "Victoria", yog 1.4-1.8. Ib feem me me ntawm tus sau tau tsim ntawm cov stepsons, tab sis pawg ntawm lawv yog ib tug me me me tshaj rau lub ntsiab fruitful tua. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub load siab rau ib tsob ntoo txiv hmab yog 25-30 lub qhov muag.
Hais txog lub sij hawm ntawm ripening ntawm grape sau, ntau yam "Victoria" rightfully hais txog thaum ntxov ntau yam. Lub caij loj hlob ntawm lub grape Bush ntawm no ntau yam yog txog 115-120 hnub. Yog li, twb nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoo caum ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj, nws yuav ua tau rau txaus siab rau thawj ripened pawg. Harvesting tag nrho sau yuav nqa tawm thaum kawg ntawm lub hlis.
Nws tseem yog nthuav los nyeem txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev grapes
Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug, yog dab tsi cov txiaj ntsig ntawm grape ntau yam "Victoria"?
Qhov no muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub vaj tsev. Thaum cog ib qho me nyuam yaus, qhov sau qoob yuav txaus rau koj txaus siab rau koj tus kheej thiab kho koj nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab ntawm tag nrho koj cov txheeb ze thiab cov neeg zej zog. Thaum loj hlob zuj zus "Victoria" rau ntawm ib qho loj, nws tau muag cov qoob loo muag. Tab sis, ntawm qhov siab thiab high-quality yields, ntau yam "Victoria" kuj muaj cov nram qab no zoo:
• Grapevine tua paub tab zoo heev, nrog lawv feem ntau fruitful.
• Kev hloov zoo heev ntawm ntau yam thiab rooting cuttings.
• Kev ua mob rau cov kab mob phem tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog vineyards, ntau yam "Victoria" yog siab txaus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov ntoo.
• Qhov ntau yog tsim rau ib tug dav zoning thiab cog, txawm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Puas tsuaj rau lub vine tsis pom txawm tias thaum Frost yog -26 ° C. Txawm li cas los, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm txo lub caij ntuj no kub txawm tsawg, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npog qhov Bush.
• Nrog kev kho thiab tu ncua, kev ua kom zoo thiab cov qoob loo zoo tuaj.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab "Victoria" thiab yuav ua li cas nrog lawv
Thawj disadvantage ntawm ntau yam, uas koj twv yuav raug hu kom paub, yog lub xub ntiag ntawm tsuas yog ib tug poj niam paj nyob rau hauv lub grape Bush. Yog li, thaum flowering, lub Bush yog heev tsis zoo pollinated, muaj ib tug sau ntawm peck. Ntawm no, tom ntej no mus rau Bush "Victoria" nco ntsoov cog lwm grape ntau yam, lub flowering ntawm uas coincides nrog nws. Secondly, loj harvests heev ntau tshaj lub Bush, tom qab uas berries thiab grapes loj hlob me.
Raws li ib tug rau txim, muaj lwm xav tau - lub rationing ntawm qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv kev, ob inflorescences thiab pawg thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm berries yog raug rationing. Koj muaj peev xwm tag nrho tshem tawm cov qoob loo stepson.
Lwm disadvantage ntawm Sweet txiv hmab "Victoria" yog tias lawv nkawj. Yog li hais tias lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qoob loo, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tawm tsam lawv los yog hlawv nkuaj nos. Cov cuab yuav ua raws li nram no:
• Nyob ze ntawm lub vaj hauv tsev koj tuaj yeem tso cov npus uas muaj cov kua qab zib los yog kua txiv mis, uas muaj 0.5% chlorophos.
• Nyob rau hauv tib lub khib nyiab, koj muaj peev xwm kis tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo dhau los, thiab kho cov tshuaj tua kab.
Yuav ua li cas koj xav tau kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub site ib tug zoo Bush ntawm grapes "Victoria": cov cai ntawm cog ntau yam
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom hu rau tus txheej txheem ntawm cog grapes intricate, tab sis nws tshwj xeeb nuances yog txaus no. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog thiab xaiv kom xaiv cov khoom cog, thiab xaiv lub sij hawm tsim nyog thiab qhov chaw rau cog thiab, thaum kawg, kom npaj lub qhov taub. Nws yog nrog tag nrho cov ntawm no uas peb yuav qhia koj hauv qab no.
Yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas propagate grapes "Victoria": nta ntawm cog seedlings thiab grafting cuttings
Lub grapes yog zoo heev propagated nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, ntawm uas feem ntau zoo yog cog ib shrub rau nws tus kheej keeb kwm nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug seedling thiab grafting txiav rau ib Tshuag ntawm ib tug laus shrub ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom hais tsis meej uas cov hau kev no tau zoo dua. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj Tshuag los ntawm lub qub Bush - qhov tseeb, koj tsis tas yuav tsum xaiv.
Cog grapes "Victoria" nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug sapling yuav pab kom loj hlob ib yam dawb huvuas nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav kis tau kab mob thiab cov pests ntawm nws tus thawj. Txawm li cas los, cog no ntau yam nyob rau ib tug siab Tshuag tau loj hlob ib tug ntau zog Bush uas muaj peev xwm tsim ntau tshaj cov qoob loo. Tsis tas li ntawd, grafting on stock Tshaj li qhov txheej txheem ntawm loj hlob ib tug tshiab Bush, raws li nws yuav twb muaj ib tug zoo heev-tsim paus system ntawm lub qub vineyard.
Thaum twg pib cog ntau yam "Victoria": peb xaiv lub hnub tseeb
Lub awesomeness ntawm no kab lis kev cai yog hais tias nws muaj peev xwm yuav cog ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv Autumn. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom paub tias lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws. Yog hais tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav seedling muaj lub sij hawm rau paus zoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg los ntawm lub caij ntuj no, ces Autumn ib yuav qhia nws endurance twb nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij ntuj no thiab yuav nkag mus loj hlob sai dua nyob rau hauv lub Autumn. Yog li, koj tsuas xav paub cov hauv qab no:
• Cov hnub ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog ntawm grapes "Victoria" yog heev stretched.. Xws li cov neeg tsav tsheb tuaj yeem nqa tawm txij li hnub kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab xaus nrog pib ntawm lub Rau Hli. Yog hais tias koj yuav cog ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav, ces koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov ntxov tshaj plaws, tab sis rau ib lub yub nrog ntsuab tua, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lub sij hawm sov. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas thaum lub sij hawm hloov lub sij hawm tsuas yog ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag cog tseem ceeb heev rau qhov chaw nkaum. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub thawv ntim hauv tsev nrog lub qhov rau qhov ntxeev ntawm txiav los yog yub. Nrog lub advent ntawm tshav kub thiab thawj cov cim qhia ntawm rooting nws yuav tau muab tshem tawm.
• Lub caij nplooj zeeg hnub rau cog cov txiv hmab yog ntau dua thiab txiav txim los ntawm cov huab cua. Tom qab tag nrho, lub sapling yuav tsum tau cog rau tom qab lub sij hawm, thaum nws tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rau txoj kev loj hlob (uas yog heev undesirable), tab sis nws tseem tsis muaj lub sij hawm los nqis los ntawm thawj Frost, uas muaj peev xwm ua puas nws. Yog li, lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws yog nruab nrab-Lub Kaum Hli. Txawm hais tias, ntau ntxiv yuav tsum coj los saib cov huab cua ntawm koj cheeb tsam kev nyab xeeb thiab ib xyoo xyov.
Nyob rau hauv dab tsi qhov chaw yog nws tshaj plaws preferable cog ib grape Bush?
Grapes yog zoo dua lub npe hu ua yav qab teb kab lis kev cai, uas nyiam lub hnub ci sov thiab maj mam hiav txwv cua. Nrog xws li ib tug nyab xeeb, ib tug grapevine tau loj hlob nyob qhov twg thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, thaum xa unprecedented harvests. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev mob uas yog txias thiab ntau unfavorable rau cog grapes, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv ib qho chaw hauv koj lub ntsiab lus:
• Nws yuav tsum muaj teeb ci, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub uas tsis qis los ntawm lwm cov vaj tse thiab vaj tse.
• Grapes yog ntshai heev ntawm drafts, uas yuav tshwj xeeb ua mob qoob loo, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inflorescences.
• Txawm tias muaj kev yoog raws thiab kev ua tsis tau zoo ntawm ntau yam, nws yuav tsum muaj cov av zoo zoo. nrog zoo ua liaj ua teb cov kev coj, tawm los ntawm grape Bush nce significantly.
Yog li, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog cov qoob loo ntawm sab qab teb ntawm koj qhov chaw, thiab nyiam dua nyob rau hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tuam tsev los yog qhov av ntawm cov cua. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim uas cov av nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yog heev neeg pluag, nws fertility tau kev nce ntawm nws tus kheej: 1-2 xyoo ua ntej cog lub Bush, loj nyiaj ntawm cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv yuav tsum tau thov; mus sib tov lub hom phiaj ntawm cov av nrog nws cov ntawv pov thawj, uas yuav pab kom tau lub ntsiab txhais kub.
Cog grapes "Victoria" siv varietal seedlings: dab tsi yog cov nta ntawm txoj kev?
Kev cog ntawm txiv hmab pib nrog xaiv ntawm ib tug ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yuav los yog ywj pheej cultivation ntawm ib sapling thiab kev npaj ntawm ib lub qhov rau nws. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav ib tug seedling nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thaum tshwj xeeb me nyuam muab rau muag ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv. Yog li, koj yuav xaiv qhov ntau yam thiab ntau yam zoo heev seedling, zoo cov txheej xwm uas yog xim dawb ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab ntsuab xim ntawm kev txiav.
Koj tuaj yeem loj hlob tuaj yos tawm ntawm koj tus kheej los ntawm kev txiav hauv cov xuab zeb hauv Lub Ob Hlis thaum muaj cua kub ntawm 12 ° C thiab cog hauv cov av noo.
Qhov aub tse kuj npaj tau ob peb hnub los yog ib lub hlis ua ntej cog lub yub. Lub tob thiab dav ntawm nws yuav tsum yog yam tsawg kawg 0.8 meters, uas tso cai rau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv qhov tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm fertilizer rau yav tom ntej Bush. Nyob rau ntawm lub qab daig:
• Ib txheej ntawm rubble, li 5 centimeters tuab.
• Ib txheej ntawm fertile av, uas yog sab saum toj txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tshem tawm thaum khawb ib lub qhov. Lub thickness ntawm txheej yog txog 10 centimeters.
• Txheej ntawm 2 lub thoob thawv.
• Lwm txheej ntawm fertile av.
Tag nrho cov "cov khoom xyaw" (tshwj tsis yog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws) yog tov tov, ua cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov nroj tsuag. Tshaj li peb poob tsaug zog ntau tshaj ib qho ntawm cov av uas yooj yim-fertilized av thiab cia nws mus khwv.
Qhov ncaj cog cog ntawm grapes yog yooj yim heev: peb txo ib tug seedling mus rau hauv aub tsiv mus rau theem ntawm nws paus ntseg tsho thiab ua tib zoo faus nws. Ua li no zoo dua, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub instillation txheej txheem koj muaj peev xwm ncuav ib thoob dej rau hauv aub tsiv, uas yuav compact thawj txheej ntawm faus av.
Tom qab cog, lub sapling yog watered nrog 2-3 ntau tshaj thoob dej. Nyob ze nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom khawb tau qhov khoom txhawb nqa. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yog mulched.
Correct grapeing grape "Victoria" nyob rau hauv Tshuag ntawm lwm ntau yam
Rau grapes "Victoria", uas muaj ib tug qaug zog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Bush, qhov kev xaiv no yog heev txais. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj grafted ib soj caum ntawm no ntau yam mus rau ib tug rootstock muaj zog-loj hlob, peb yuav tau txais ib tug muaj zog Bush nrog ntau tshaj cov qoob loo.
Lub txiav yuav tsum muaj 2-3 qhov muag. Qhov qis tshooj ntawm nws yog qhov tseeb, nws yuav cia nws mus txuas ntxiv nrog nrhav. Cov duab ntawm daim hlais yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo li tus npoo. Sab qaum ib sab ntawm nws yog waxed, uas yog ib txoj kev uas yuav khaws cia nyob hauv tus tes kom txog rau thaum nws yuav siv sij hawm cag thiab tsis tuaj yeem kos cov khoom noj thiab noo noo ntawm qhov Tshuag.
Lub Tshuag yog stump, uas tseem tom qab tshem tawm ntawm lub qub grape Bush. Tus taw tes txiav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ntxuav kom zoo zoo thiab ua kom zoo zoo rau nruab nrab ntawm cov Tshuag Khoom. Nws yog precisely nyob rau hauv lub split tias soj caum yog muab tso rau thiab khov kho clamped vim lub sticking ntawm Tshuag nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug hlua los yog muaj zog ntaub.
Qhov inoculation yog tas lubricated nrog ntub av nplaum, lub Tshuag yog watered thiab mulched.
Dab tsi yuav tsum tau muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Victoria": luv luv txog cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv lub vaj txiv hmab
Grape hav zoov ua ntu zus yuav tsum tau ywg dej thiab pub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb ua qhov no rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum nws maj mam tsiv tawm ntawm qhov tsis pub muaj qhov poob ntawm nws lub zog thaum lub sijhawm no. Chiv, ob qho tib si organic thiab pob zeb hauv av, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thov rau cov av rau kev khawb. Tom qab fertilization, cov av yuav tsum zoo moistened. Qhov no yog ua kom tiav tsawg kawg yog 3 zaug rau ib lub caij twg: 2 zaug ua ntej cog paj ntoo thiab ib zaug thaum ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm no.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm loj heev droughts, lub khoom neeg tsim moistening ntawm cov av ntawm vineyard yuav heev pab rau ob qho tib si Bush thiab sau. Tom qab watering, cov av yog them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm sawdust los yog Moss, uas ua hauj lwm raws li mulch.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob rau vineyard muaj xws li tsis tu ncua pruning ntawm Bush thiab nws txoj kev kho mob los ntawm tau tus kab mob nrog ntau yam kab mob. Thawj tus txheej txheem yog nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm calm Bush. Pruned Bush 2-3 lub qhov muag. Tawg Bush rau grapes "Victoria" ntau dua nyiam kiv cua. Thiab ntawm no txau grapes tuav nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum ob qho tag nrho lub Bush thiab cov pathogens yog waking li.
Kev ua ntawm cov grapes yuav nqa tawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li dej. Siv rau tshuaj tua kab herbicide uas zoo tshaj plaws yuav ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm kev muag khoom.
