Qhov ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo hu ua "Laura" tau ntev tau nyiam ntau tus kiv cua ntawm viticulture.
Nws extraordinarily zoo nkauj pawg thiab raug hais kom raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov ceg ntawm Bush thiab sai li sai tau sim.
"Laura" yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam kabmob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas feem ntau tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm kev lag luam thiab lub caij ntuj sov summer.
Cov feem ntau gardeners paub no ntau yam nyob rau hauv lwm, yau, lub npe - "Flora".
Nws yog hais txog qhov high-yielding table txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam thiab peb yuav qhia rau koj hauv qab no, thiab cia li tsis nco qab qhia cov kev paub ntawm cov tub txawg nyob rau hauv cog thiab cultivation ntawm vines.
Peb qhia lub ntsiab secrets ntawm kev vam meej ntawm Laura txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam ntawm gardeners
Qhov no ntau yam tau ua los ntawm Ukrainian zaum ntawm Odessa lub koom haum, uas tswj rau no mus hla 4 lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Hauv particular, thaum xub thawj ntau lub npe hu ua "Muscat tsib Saint-Valle" yog pollinated nrog cov hmoov sib tov ntawm pollen ntau yam "Muscat ntawm Hamburg" thiab "Husayne", tom qab uas qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev hla kuj tau sib xyaw nrog "Poj huab tais ntawm Tairovskaya" txiv hmab.
Distinctive nta ntawm bunches ntawm feem ntau zoo nkauj grapes "Laura"
Lub Laura txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm yoojyim heev loj heev pawg, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob kom ncav cuag ib pawg ntawm tsawg kawg ib kilogram. Rau cov txiv hmab, cov nuj nqis no siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj xav tias qhov loj ntawm tib neeg txiv hmab-Champions yog txog 2.4 kilograms. Raws li, qhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm ib pawg ntawm grapes ntawm no ntau yam yog tseem impressive - nws yog vaj huam sib luag rau 40 centimeters.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov pawg yog feem ntau pom tau tias yog tapered, nrog ib tug medium ntom los yog friable qauv ntawm tso berries on nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb sau hais tias lub peculiarities ntawm tsim ntawm cov qauv ntawm pawg nyob rau hauv Lora ntau yam yog heev ntau nyob rau ntawm lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Bush thiab nyob rau hauv li cas zoo lub pollination ntawm grape inflorescences tau ua.
Grape berries ntawm qib no kuj sib haum mus rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm pawg. Yog li, Qhov nruab nrab hnyav ntawm grapes "Laura" yog 8-9 grams. Nrog kev kho mob zoo, cov berries muaj peev xwm txawm cuag ib tug loj ntawm 12 grams. Lawv yog cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm ib qho oval-oblong duab. Qhov ntev ntawm cov Berry yuav ua tau mus txog 4 centimeters.
Cov tsos ntawm cov berries yog zoo nkauj heev. Lawv tsos nqaij daim tawv tsis tshua muaj neeg dawb, nrog rau tus cwj pwm ci-ntsuab, uas ua rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Laura" amber. Tshav nquag tuaj yeem ua rau sunburn ntawm ib sab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm Berry yog them nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm siv quav ciab.
Phom kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Laura" yog thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab kev ua kua, muaj qhov tsawg ntawm noob. Lub saj ntawm no grape ntau yam yog heev nplua nuj thiab qab ntxiag, tau zoo li nrog feem ntau Central Esxias grape ntau yam, uas yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub muscat qab.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm aromatic tshuaj nyob rau hauv tshuaj lom neeg nyob tus yeees ntawm grapes yog heev siab. Li no, qhov nruab nrab, cov suab thaj hauv cov suab thaj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo berries ntawm no ntau yog sib npaug rau 20% ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm yam tshuaj, nrog acidity ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm 6-8 g / l. Txawm li ntawd los, qhov loj hlob tej yam kev mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau tau zoo heev rau qhov zoo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muaj peev xwm txo lawv saj.
Siv grape ntau yam "Laura" feem ntau lub rooj. Nws yog heev haum rau tshiab noj. Tab sis rau kev ua nws yog haum - amateurs uas loj hlob no ntau yam nyob rau hauv lawv backyards feem ntau siv no ntau yam rau winemaking.
Distinctive nta ntawm Bush thiab tawm los ntawm grapes "Laura"
Grape Bush "Laura" feem ntau hlob heev hnyav. On ib Bush tej zaum yuav muaj li 40-50 lub qhov muag. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting Bush nkag sai heev tom qab cog los yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - rau 2-3 xyoos. Tus tua ntawm grapes zoo heev tsim, feem ntau ntawm cov (txog 60-80%) yog tsim rau fruiting.
On ib tug tua, 0.9-1.3 grape pawg yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, uas muab heev high tawm los ntawm no ntau yam.
Pawg ua ke rau ntawm cov yub nrog lub qhov muag qhov muag. Lub paj ntawm grapes muaj tsuas yog poj niam ua hauj lwm, yog li ntawd, kom tau sau tus sau lawv yuav tsum tau pollinated nrog kev pab ntawm pollen los ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam.
Nws yog tsim nqi them siab rau ib co peculiarities ntawm fruiting thiab lub sij hawm ripening ntawm grape bunches ntawm ntau "Laura". Nyob rau hauv dav dav, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pawg muaj peev xwm rau ib tug loj Bush. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev nce hauv lawv tus naj npawb, lawv qhov hnyav tag nrho yuav txo. Yog li, nrog ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 40-45 pawg, lawv qhov hnyav tuaj yeem yuav 2-3 zaus tshaj qhov nruab nrab tus nqi, thiab tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm ib kilogram.
Yog li, txawm lub fact tias feem ntau Qhov no grape ripens heev thaum ntxov, kwv yees tom qab 110-120 hnub ntawm vegetative lub sij hawm, nrog ib tug loj pes tsawg tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov ripening yog ncua. Yog li, nrog kev qhia sau tag nrho, qhov tshem tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab tau pib ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub txiv hmab, nrog rau nruab nrab thiab lig-paub tab ntau yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm xws li ib tug nplua nuj tsim ntawm bunches yuav ua tau hais tias nram qab no ib xyoo ib Bush tau pov tawm tawm kiag li tag nrho cov ovary.
Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau txawm on heev loj bushes, tsuas yog 15-18 txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav raug khi. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lawv maturity los ntawm ib lub hlis ua ntej tshaj li niaj hnub - nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj. Cov kab nrig xws li yuav loj heev, uas, nyob rau hauv tus qauv, yuav kov cov nyiaj qoob rau me me. Txawm li cas los, xws li ib qho underload tej zaum yuav ua rau lub Bush rov qab nkag rau lub caij loj hlob ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm Autumn.
Qhov no yuav tsum tsis pub rau categorically. Yog li ntawd, tus yam ntxwv ntawm tsim ntawm loo ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo zoo thiab sim tswj qhov feem ntau pom variant ntawm load ntawm vine - txog 23-27 txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas hais txog 30% ntawm ib leeg, uas tsis yog-fruiting tua muaj nyob rau hauv Bush.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm grape ntau yam "Laura"
Txawm tias qhov loj loj ntawm cov txiv hmab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov hoob kawm no zoo heev rau kev thauj mus los thiab ntev lub neej txee. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub berries ripen sai sai thiab muaj ib tug zoo kawg saj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, Laura txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam yog characterized complex-resistant. Qhov no yog hais txog feem ntau mus rau lub siab tsis kam ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm grey rot thiab qhov tseeb hais tias berries muaj peev xwm zam high humidity yam tsis cracking zoo. Muaj ib qho kev tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob fungal, uas feem ntau pom ntawm vines.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Bush ntawm no ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus tolerates txawm qis kub: nws yog yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam thaum txo tus ntsuas mus rau lub cim ntawm-21-23 º, txawm tias tiv thaiv kev ntsuas tseem tseem nyog noj.
Ib tug zoo zoo ntawm grapes "Laura" yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub pawg yog zoo heev txuas nrog tua ntawm Bush. Yog li, txawm nrog tshaj harvests thiab tom qab qhov pib ntawm tshem tau ripeness ntawm grapes, nws tsis crumble.
Disadvantages ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Laura": nws puas tseem ceeb txaus siab rau lawv?
Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov teeb meem tsawg los ntawm no ntau yam, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg, vim lawv tuaj yeem kov yeej nrog txhua lub zog. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau nws tshwm sim uas saj ntawm grapes yog txo, lub berries ua tsawg Sweet tshaj li niaj zaus. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yuav yog ib qho muaj zog-loj hlob txiv ntoo (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog thiab loj Tshuag, uas qhov txiav ntawm Lora ntau yam tau raug muab ua tiav), lub caij ntuj sov txias thiab rainy.
Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg tus pawg ua ke thiab txo lawv mus rau qhov pheej txais pes tsawg. Qhov loj drawback ntawm berries yog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm mildew. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm sugars nyob rau hauv nws nyob tus yeees, nws yog suab tsis yooj yim sua kom xav ib pawg ntawm "Laura" tsis muaj cawv.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub kom thiaj li tau cog grapes "Laura"
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub grapes kom loj hlob zoo heev thiab zoo kawg nkaus fruited, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum mus rau hauv tus account ntau nuances. Hauv particular:
- Cov av rau cog grapes "Laura" yuav ua tau ib yam, tshwj tsis yog av nplaum thiab nrog ib tug high ntsev cov ntsiab lus. Nws tsis pom zoo kom cog cov txiv hmab uas qhov dej hauv av ze heev ntawm qhov av.
- Rau cog no grape ntau yam yog zoo dua los xaiv ib qho chaw uas zoo zes los ntawm lub hnub thiab tsis tshuab los ntawm drafts.
- Lushe tsuas yog grapes loj hlob thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab thiab ntau sab qaum teb nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog nws nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa los yog fences, yog li ntawd ntau li hnub ci raws li tau ntog rau grapes.
Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los cog ib grape Bush?
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau cog grapes nyob rau hauv South yog lub sij hawm los ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj mus rau Lub peb hlis ntuj. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam cheeb tsam, nroj grape seedlings los yog nroj tsuag cuttings zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas thaum cog cov kub ntawm huab cua tsis tsawg tshaj + 15ºะก, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov av yog li ntawm + 10ºS.
Cog ntawm grapes yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab ntawm saplings, los yog los ntawm grafting cuttings on ib tug laus Tshuag. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cog los ntawm seedlings yog suav hais tias yuav tsum yooj yim dua thiab npaum, ua tsaug rau graft, koj yuav tau txais thawj zaug yields sai dua. Qhov no yog piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum txoj kab txiav tawm mus rau ib tug neeg laus npaj nrog lub hauv paus txheej txheem tsim tau, nws tau txais cov khoom noj ntau dua thiab tsim dua sai sai.
Cog txiv hmab "Laura" sapling - lub ntsiab lus qhia
Rau cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv seedlings nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los npaj ib lub qhov ua ntej. Nws tob yuav tsum yog ob zaug qhov loj ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm seedling, thiaj li hais tias txawm fertilizer tau poured nyob rau hauv nws qab. Nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom sau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, nws yog zoo dua mus sib tov nws nrog Upper fertile av txheej dug tawm los ntawm tib lub qhov taub.
Qhov deb ntawm seedlings yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 1-1.5 meters. Los ntawm kev pab los yog phab ntsa koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm 40 centimeters. Yog hais tias lub seedling yog cog dawb, ces tus deb nruab nrab ntawm bushes thiab kab ntawm bushes yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 1.5 meters.
Ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo saplings yog cog on to top ntawm ib toj uas muaj chiv, tom qab ob los yog peb lub lis piam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas lub qhov muag ntawm qhov chaw ntawm seedling tseem siab tshaj cov av rau 10 centimeters. Nws yog tsim nyog los sau rau sapling maj mam thiab maj, kom zoo zoo txhaws qhov aub tsiv nrog av tov nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv.
Tom qab lub qhov tsoo tsaug zog lawm, nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib zog ua av thiab tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa nyob ze ntawm lub qhov dej (vim cov txiv hmab yog cov nroj tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa nws yuav tawm mus hauv av). Tom qab watering, lub grapes yuav tsum tau watered, thiab cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yog mulched.
Cog Laura txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm grafting
Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev kawm ntawv twb yog ib tug qub Bush ntawm grapes hais tias koj twb tau cog nrog, koj muaj peev xwm graft ib tug "Laura" ntau yam ntawm nws cov qia. Rau qhov no nws tseem ceeb heev:
- Npaj thiab npuaj teg ua ntej kom nws ruaj khov dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, thiaj li ua kom zoo dua ua rau lub cev ua kom tiav, ua ntej nws tseem ceeb, nws tseem ceeb heev rau nws tuav dej thiab poob rau ob peb feeb hauv "Humate" kua.
- Lub stalk yuav tsum tau txiav nrog ib tug wedge thiaj li hais tias nws leans tawm tsam lub pob tw cais zoo dua.
- Raws li, qhov shtamb ntawm qub hav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo phua, thiaj li hais tias tsuas yog txiav yuav haum rau nws (ob peb cuttings tau grafted mus rau ib qho).
- Thaum muab tso rau hauv qia nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm qia, nws yuav tsum tau clamped zoo heev nyob rau hauv thiaj li rau lub qia yuav siv sij hawm paus sai dua thiab zoo dua. Rau qhov no, nws yog tightened nrog ib tug ruaj paj rwb ntaub. Yog tias
- qhov inoculation yog nqa tawm rau lub caij ntuj no, ces lub seedling yuav tsum tau smeared nrog av nplaum thiab schoolirovat siv av.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob ntawm vine.
Kawm cov kev cai tswj hwm rau kev saib xyuas ntawm cov txiv hmab "Laura"
- Watering lub vine yuav tsum tau tas mus li thiab tsis tu ncua. Tshwj xeeb yog xav mus rau watering cov bushes uas tau cog ze ntawm lub phab ntsa. Los nqa tawm watering yog nyob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb kua grooves dug raws ntawm lub cheeb ntawm hauv paus system ntawm Bush. Watering nyob rau hauv lub shtamb yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai, txij li thaum lub keeb kwm nyob ze lub pob tw tsis tau nqus dej. Tus nqi ntawm cov dej uas yuav tsum tau muaj los ntawm ib tug me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog yog 30 liters, hauv ib tug neeg laus dua thiab thaum twg khov - txog 60 liters.
- Yuav kom lub noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av ntev thiab tiag tiag txhawb nqa lub keeb kwm ntawm vine, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau mulch nws. Ua li no, siv cov organic chiv, uas yuav kuj fertilize cov av. Txheej compressed compost yuav tsum tau nteg tawm yam tsawg 3 centimeters. Mulching yog zoo tshaj plaws ua xwb nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, mulching tau steam cov av thiab grape keeb kwm.
- Yog li qhov chaw ua ntoo ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav pab tiv thaiv nws ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov huab cua phem. Ib tug hluas, tsuas yog cog shrub yuav ua kom them nrog av, li txuag nws ob los ntawm Frost thiab nas. Cov qub bushes yog sheltered los ntawm mulching thiab quav nyab siv.
- Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab tsaws pruning grape Bush "Laura" tsis nqa tawm. Tab sis, ua ke nrog nws nkag mus rau hauv lub sij hawm fruiting, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem no txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nws yog tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj peb los yog plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yuav nws thiaj li nce hauv thickness. Txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom qhib tag nrho cov tub ntxhais hluas tua kom lawv tsis khov thaum lub caij ntuj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov tua ntawm grape Bush, uas qhuav tawm thiab tsis siab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Heev ntseeg tau txiav cov grapes "Laura" tsis tau, vim hais tias koj muaj peev xwm kiag li nres lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Tawm ntawm ntau tua kuj tsis tsim nyog nws, tsis tshwm sim uas nrog ntau tsim ntawm pawg, qhov zoo ntawm lub grapes yuav txo thiab tej zaum txawm ploj rau ib xyoos.
- Pub cov grapes "Laura" yuav tsum tsis tu ncuatab sis tsis plentiful. Nws teb zoo heev rau fertilizer. Nws yog zoo dua mus siv universal pob zeb hauv av chiv, uas muaj peev xwm comprehensively cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm Bush thiab grapes. Yuav kom them nyiaj rau cov tsis muaj magnesium, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj tsuag Bush nrog magnesium sulfate nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 250 grams ntawm cov khoom ib 10 liv dej.
- Txij li ntau feem ntau Laura txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug mob ntawm cov mildews, thaum cov cim ntawm ib qho kev kov yeej kev tshwm sim tshwm sim, kab no yog tsim nyog nws. txheej txheem nrog bordeaux kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiv hmab hauv cov ntoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cov laus, muaj peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm Autumn. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tawm hauv Bush yog tsis nqi nws. Nws raug nquahu kom khawb thiab hlawv. Cov av yuav tsum tau tseem sterilized, txwv tsis pub lub yeej yuav tas recur.
