Koj puas tau hnov ntawm Chizhov pear?
Thiab tej zaum koj tau nyiam nws cov dej saj thiab muaj lub siab xav cog tsob ntoo xws li hauv koj lub tsev?
Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog txhua yam uas xav tau rau qhov no.
Kev piav qhia ntawm fetus (qhov siab, tsis zoo)
Chizhovskaya hybrid pear bred los ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders, uas tau los ntawm hla ob zoo hom. Los ntawm thawj (Hav Zoov Zoo Nkauj), ntau yam tshiab tau txais ib qho zoo txaus nyiam thiab zoo saj, thiab los ntawm ob (Olga) - tsis kam mus rau qhov loj heev frosts.
Nyob rau hauv tsos, pear tsis loj heev, qhov hnyav nruab nrab yog 130 grams. Nws muaj cov pear-zoo li ib txwm thiab xim daj, nrog daj ntseg liab tint, feem ntau ntawm ib sab. Pulp cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb, yuav luag dawb. Nws tsis tau hais tias nws muaj ib qho muaj zog aroma, tab sis nws saj yog zoo heev. Nrog lub teeb ci, uas ua rau nws freshness.
Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau pluses ntawm no ntau yam? Xaiv qhov earliness. Tsob ntoo yuav dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab peb lub xyoos txij li lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub siab. Ntev ntev tsawv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm muab khaws cia tau ntev ntev (txog plaub lub hlis ntawm 0 ° C).
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv muaj zog txaus los mus ntev ntev, tab sis lawv cov thauj mus los yog kwv yees li nruab nrab. Ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws shedding ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txawm nrog gusty cua. Thiab dab tsi yuav peb hais txog cov tawm los! 40 phaus ntawm pears, txawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau lean xyoo - tsis muaj teeb meem!
Lub saj tseem heev. Li ntawd, muaj ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - txawm muaj teeb meem. Lawv muaj tsob txiv ntoo, zoo li nroj tsuag, tab sis peb yuav sib tham txog qhov no tom qab. Tab sis pear, raws li ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, koj muaj peev xwm muab 5 ntsiab lus tawm ntawm tsib.
Nqe lus piav ntawm tsob ntoo (qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo)
Tam sim no cia peb tham txog tsob ntoo xwb. Nws tsis txawv hauv qhov siab tshwj xeeb thiab muaj qhov nruab nrab qhov siab. Krone raws li nws hlob, pauv nws cov duab (ntawm nqaim rau pyramidal), rather tuab tuab, tab sis tsis muaj ntau nplooj.
Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau tias nws yog sprawling, uas tso cai rau koj sau cov qoob loo uas tsis muaj teeb meem los yog kev hloov tshwj xeeb. Lawv tus kheej cov nplooj tsis pubescence on ob sab, serrated sawv.
Tab sis dab tsi qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm peb tsob ntoo? Qhov no yog nws siab tsis kam txo qhov ntsuas kub, uas peb tau hais ua ntej. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, nws withstands Frost rau Rho tawm 3 degrees. Tias yog vim li no ntau yam tau pom ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm gardeners nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, qhov twg caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav ua tau heev txias.
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis muaj ib zaug, raws li ib tug ntxiv rau, tus kheej-fertility ntawm peb pear. Koj yuav tau txais koj cov qoob loo txawm tias thaum lwm cov kabmob tsis muaj zog nyob ze, thiab txawm tias koj cog qoob ob lub txiv ntoo ze ntawm koj, tom qab ntawd tos rau cov qoob loo kom nce li ntawm 10%! Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm breeders rau qhov no zoo tshaj haum ntau yam Raineda thiab Lada.
Txhua yam zoo li yuav tsum zoo thiab du: saj yog zoo, thiab muab rau ntev, thiab peb cov ntoo tsis ntshai Frost, tab sis, zoo li txhua txhia qhov chaw, yuav tsum muaj ib co cons thiab disadvantages? Thiab, hmoov tsis, lawv yog. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas lawv tseem ceeb, txhua tus gardener txiav txim siab ntawm nws tus kheej.
Nyob rau hauv peb pear ib tug peculiarity yog genetically pw, uas yuav chim siab rau peb ib tug me ntsis - lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo shrink txhua txhua xyoo raws li tsob ntoo loj hlob qub thiab tom qab ib tug kaum tsib xyoo lub sij hawm, feem ntau yuav, lawv yuav tsis ntau tshaj 80 grams.
Lwm qhov teeb meem loj yog qhov nws tsis kam ua rau ntau yam kab tsuag. Txhua kab laum thiab sib zog ua rau cov nplooj los yog noj nqaij pear, ua rau peb tsis tiav qhov, qhov ntawd yuav ua rau kev nthuav qhia. Thiab qhov no yuav tau tas li sib ntaus. Peb tseem yuav muaj sij hawm los tham txog yuav ua li cas ua li no, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav kawm tau li cas cog Chizhov pear thiab tag nrho cov subtleties ntawm tu nws.
Yuav ua li cas cog ib tug pear?
Yog li ntawd, cia li npaj mus rau lub caij tseem ceeb tshaj - lub cog ntawm peb txiv moj coos. Muaj tseeb, rau tam sim no, hais lus. Txhua yam nyob ntawm no tus txheej txheem: li cas peb cog nws, peb yuav muab nws kawg. Qhov feem ntau yooj yim yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw. Cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob av nplaum!
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv - av nrog chernozem los yog loamy. Nco ntsoov pub cov av, sib ntaus nrog nws cov acidity nrog txiv qaub. Peb coj 25-30 kg ntawm humus, 200 grams poov tshuaj chloride, ib thiab ib nrab kilograms ntawm superphosphate thiab tib tus nqi ntawm txiv qaub rau hauv lub qhov taub.
Rau tus so tsaws txoj cai Me ntsis txawv los ntawm cog ordinary pears. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no. Tab sis qhov aub tsiv rau cog yuav tsis muaj superfluous los npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Peb khawb ib lub qhov 70 xuab moo nyob rau hauv lub cheeb thiab ib lub meter tob, tshem tawm cov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov av, peb yuav xav tau nws.
Nyob rau hauv lub qab peb ntim humus, xuab zeb, poov tshuaj sulfate, superphosphate thiab npog nws nrog lub ntiaj teb, uas tau pw. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm ntawm ib theem ntawm kev loj hlob tsis tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dhau "nruj" chiv uas yuav ua mob rau lawv.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej peb cog ob tsom iav ntawm cov txiv qaub thiab hliv rau hauv lub qhov, ces hliv lwm 2 cov khoom tsis muaj yam tsis txaus, sau nws nrog cov av fertile thiab cia nws caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov tsis muaj nta. Peb ua tus indentation thiaj li hais tias lub keeb kwm yog dawb tso, tsis wrinkles, peb tsis tob zuj zus nws ntseeg, peb sprinkle nws thiab ncuav nyob rau hauv dej (3 thoob). Peb mulch nrog peat. Tsim ntawm tsob ntoo pib tam sim ntawd, txiav ib feem peb.
Kev kho mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev zoo.
Watering
Thaum lub tsob ntoo tseem hluas, nws mob heev heev uas ua rau tsis muaj ya raws. Yog li ntawd, watering yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Xav tau dej copiously thiab ntau zaus (4 zaug hauv ib lub hlis), tab sis nrog kev saib xyuas, bypassing qia thiab nplooj. Thaum lub hauv paus system yog muaj zog txaus, koj tuaj yeem txo watering mus rau ib lub sij hawm, thiab dhau lub sij hawm nws yuav txaus zaub los ntawm cov av.
Pruning
Pear yog lub teeb-ntxiv, thiab yog li ntawd qhov pruning qhov tseeb ntawm cov ceg pab nws mus nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej yam kev mob thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tu rau tsob ntoo. Tsuas yog txiav tawm nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob ua dhau nws. Nws yog ib qho yuam kev xav hais tias qhov me me ceg, lub zeem muag ntxiv. Pom zoo mus txiav tawm lub sab hauv ceg thiab tawm sab nruab nrab, txij li nrog nrog tu lawv muaj peev xwm muab ib qho zoo heev sau.
Cov chiv
Raws li tau hais los saum no, qhov no nws tseem ceeb heev kom txhob raug mob vim qhov no kuj ua tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tag nrho, kom fertilize tag nrho thaj av zajlus, tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm muaj cov tsam thawj rau qhov no. Tias yog vim li cas ntau zaus lawv ua raws li peb tau piav saum toj no - chiv raug muab ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov taub.
Dab tsi ntxiv yuav tsum tau nco txog thiab paub thaum mus ua txoj haujlwm no? Pab tau nws yuav paub qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av thiab kev ua ib qho kev tshawb nruj agrochemical, tab sis, ntxiv, qhov no tsis tshua tau ua tiav. Vim tias koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov tswv yim qhia. Peb txhua tus paub tias ob qho tsis muaj peev xwm thiab ntau hom nitrogen cuam tshuam rau kev cog kev loj hlob. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj, nws yuav hnov txog ntawm nplooj. Lawv yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Tab sis yog hais tias muaj ib tug ntau ntawm nws, ces qhov no yuav txo tau Frost tsis kam, uas distinguishes peb pear ntau yam. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium - kuj yog tsim nyog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab.
Rau pears, ammonium daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm phosphorus thiab nitrogen yog haum. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ammonium sulfate los yog ammonium nitrate. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev faib tawm: 3 qhov chaw, piv txwv, ammonium, 1 feem superphosphate thiab 4 qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom uas muaj poov tshuaj.
Raws li kev xyaum qhia, qhov piv txwv no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ntxim ntxhi rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo pear. Chiv kuj muaj tag nrho cov teev tseg kab kawm. Qhov no fertilizer raug pom zoo los siv txhua xyoo, nqa mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txog 20 cm nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm ob kilograms rau ib 1 square meter. m. Neutral acidity ntawm cov av - qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau pears.
Yog li ntawd qaub av tsis tau fertilizeduas muaj cov tshuaj no, uas tsis muaj kev qhia txog cov kua qaub. Yog hais tias koj xav txog koj tus kheej ib tus paub txog kev ua vaj tsev thiab ib puas feem pua ntawm cov tsis muaj cov kab tsis muaj kab, koj tuaj yeem noj nrog ib txoj kab tsuag uas siv cov tshuaj kua urea (40 g per 10 l) los yog boron tov (10 g per 10 l).
Ob leeg txau yog nqa tawm tom qab tsob ntoo nres flowering (nyob rau hnub thib rau), kev kho mob nrog urea yog rov tom qab ob lub lim tiam, thiab nrog boron thiab thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cuag lub txheej txheem ntawm pub, noj raws li ib txoj cai cov kab lus: nws yog zoo dua tsis saline tshaj rau ntsev!
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog feem nrov ntau yam ntawm pears.
Kev tiv thaiv kab tsuag
Rau Chizhovskoy pear txaus ntshai yog tib cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag uas feem ntau tuaj tua tsob ntoo thiab ib tsob ntoo zoo tib yam. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv, tab sis peb yuav sim xav txog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws sawv daws.
Pearbug nyhav noj tsaam tsho pear kua txiv. Rau lub caij ntuj no, nws hides nyob rau hauv nplooj poob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws activates thiab pib nres. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg koj yuav tsum tau sau thiab hlawv tag nrho cov nplooj uas tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo.
Lwm pear lover yog ib tug pear trumpet worm. Hom kab no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txias heev thiab yog qhov muaj zog heev. Kuj yuav zais hauv cov nplooj thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov av. Cov kev ntawm kev tawm tsam yog tib yam li nrog pear kab.
Yog tias koj pom cov lus tsis zoo thiab cov deformation ntawm cov nplooj, nws yuav hais tau tias tsob ntoo yog ntaus nrog ib tus zuam. Qhov no ua rau lub pob zeb muaj zog tshaj hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab pub txw rau ntawm lub kua txob. Ntawm no spraying colloid sulfur yuav pab tau.
Pear moth raug mob rau tus zoo li ntawm fetus, ua nws inputs mus rau penetrate mus rau pob txha. Txau nrog benzophosphate yuav pab tshem nws.
Los ntawm Txau Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov kev cai hauv cov teeb meem no:
-prepared tov yog siv rau tib hnub;
- Peb ua cov ntoo hauv cov huab cua zoo (tsis muaj cua, tsis muaj nag lossis daus);
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo raug kho ua ntej flowering, ib lub lim tiam tom qab nws thiab 20 hnub ua ntej harvesting;
- peb pib txau tawm ntawm saum toj no; peb nqa tawm ntawm txhua qhov chaw;
- sim npog sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv;
- tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev tiv thaiv koj tus kheej nrog lub npog ncauj, tsom iav thiab tom qab ntawm tus txheej txheem, ntxuav koj ob txhais tes kom huv si;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej kev siv kuj yuav tsum tau ntxuav;
-Nco ntsoov tias qee cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb heev thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau raug mob rau tsob ntoo, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov ntsuas los ntawm kev ua ib ceg, saib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tsuas yog tom qab tshuaj tsuag tag nrho tsob ntoo.
Ntxiv nrog rau parasites, vaj ntoo pesters tag nrho cov xaiv kab mob. Yog li, qhov tsos ntawm nplooj ntawm ib tug loj xov tooj ntawm grey me ntsis nrog tsaus sawv qhia tias ib tug kab mob xws li septoriosis. Nws tshwm sim tsawg tshaj li ntawm scab, tab sis nws yog ua tau. Ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob yog kab tias muaj kab mob ntau tshaj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thiab txawm hais tias pear ntau yam ntawm Chizhovskaya yog heev resistant rau nws, muaj cov mob ntawm yeej, ntawm chav kawm.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov kab mob, dhau lawm pab txauua rau peb theem. Ntau zaus rau lub hom phiaj no lawv siv tooj liab sulphate, Bordeaux kua, thiab cov tsawg txhoj puab heev - lub ntsev tov (10 liters dej 1 kg ntawm ntsev). Nws kuj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog kab tsuag thiab kab mob ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nrog kev siv zoo infusions ntawm tansy thiab ntsim wormwood.
Peb cia siab tias peb tsab xov xwm yuav pab koj kawm yam tshiab thiab pab tau rau koj tus kheej, thiab tsis ntev koj lub vaj yuav kho kom zoo nkauj xws li tsob ntoo zoo li Chizhov pear.
