Nce, gardeners xav siv organic chiv raws li pub. Ib ntawm lawv yog peat. Txawm li cas los, nco ntsoov tias nws tsis haum rau txhua qhov xau. Tau, thiab thov kev pab no fertilizer yuav tsum yog ntse ntsuav, thiaj li tsis txhob ua mob los ntawm cov nroj tsuag los yog hauv av.
Txog dab tsi peat, ua li cas nws tshwm sim thiab yuav ua li cas kom siv nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fertilizer nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab, nyeem nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no.
Koj puas paub? Peat tau pom dav dav hauv ntau daim teb. Nws yog siv roj rau hauv cov khoom siv fai fab, xws li cov khoom siv thaij-thim cua hauv kev tsim kho, raws li cov chiv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom hauv cov chaw ua tshuaj, chaw pw khoom tsiaj. Cov yam ntxwv txiaj ntawm peat yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.
Yuav ua li cas peat yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov, hom peat
Peat - Nws yog lub ntuj tsim hluav taws xob ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Nws sawv cev rau ib pawg ntawm cov xim dub los yog xim av dub, uas yog ib qho nyob hauv marshes ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tseem tshuav sib xyaw nrog hauv av.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub high humidity thiab tsis muaj oxygen tiv thaiv kom tiav decay ntawm marsh nroj tsuag. Muaj ib lub tswv yim tias peat yog thawj theem ntawm thee tsim.
Raws li ib tug pob txha, peat yog tsim on peat bogs, nyob rau hauv dej hav, on watersheds. Txaus siab ntawm nws muaj peev xwm tshwm sim tshaj millennia. Peat lies nyob rau hauv cov av saum npoo los yog ntawm ib tug me me (txog li 10 m) tob nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av deposits.
Koj puas paub? Zaum kwv yees hais tias neeg ntiaj teb peat tso nyiaj mus txog 250 txog 500 billion tons. Peatlands tsim txog 3% ntawm thaj av.Nyob ntawm seb loj hlob rau tej yam kev mob thiab lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm nroj tsuag uas tsim no ntuj khoom, peat faib rau hauv peb hom:
- nees caij;
- lowland;
- kev hloov.
Txog high peat Cov chaw muaj peev xwm hais tias nws yog xws li cov ntxhia, uas muaj 95% ntawm cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub siab hom, feem ntau cov ntoo thuv, larch, paj rwb nyom, marsh sedge, thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam siab - qhov chaw, dej hiav txwv, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (pH = 3.5-4.5) thiab ib qib qis decomposition.
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tsuas yog siv rau composts, thawv mixtures, raws li mulch, ib tug substrate rau greenhouses.
Lowland peat muaj 95% ntawm tsis tag decomposed lowland nroj tsuag. Spruce, alder, birch, willow, fern, reed, etc. yog feem ntau koom tes nrog peat tsim ntawm no hom.Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kwj deg thiab floodplains ntawm River.
Lowland peat muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab los sis qaug zog (pH = 5.5-7.0), ua tsaug uas nws tau siv los txo cov kua qaub av ntawm cov av. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj ntawm cov zaub mov (muaj li 3% nitrogen, mus txog 1% phosphorus). Ntawm tag nrho cov hom, feem ntau muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv thov.
Hloov hom Nws muaj 10-90% ntawm cov nroj tsuag semi-decomposed ntawm lub hom loj, tus so yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov lowland hom.
Tuaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib tw nyem. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me ntsis (pH = 4.5-5.5).
Hloov peat raws li lowland peat yog siv raws li ib tug fertilizer rau ib tug zaub vaj, vim hais tias nws coj zoo cov kev pab rau cov av.
Txhua hom, tig, yog subdivided rau hauv peb subtypes, reflecting cov nroj tsuag subtype los ntawm qhov uas cov peat no tau tsim. Cov subtypes no txawv:
- hav zoov;
- hav zoov hav zoov;
- swampy.
- woody (muaj tsawg kawg 40% qhov seem ntawm ntoo);
- ntoo-herbal (muaj 15-35% ntawm cov ntoo seem, nrog lwm tus - herbaceous predominate);
- ntoo-ntxhuav (nws muaj 13-35% ntawm seem ntoo, nrog lwm tus - Moss-yeej);
- nyom (muaj tsawg tshaj li 10% ntawm cov ntoo seem, mus txog 30% ntawm mosses, lwm tus yog nyom seem);
- nyom-Moss (ntawm li: ntoo seem - 10%, mosses - 35-65%, nyom seem);
- ntxhuav (muaj 10% ntoo seem, 70% ntawm ntxhuab).
Nyob hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, peat yog muab faib ua ob pawg:
- teeb (teeb);
- hnyav (tsaus).
Yam ntxwv ntawm peat, pob zeb cov khoom
Yog xav nrog lub qhov muag ntawm peat, xav txog lub qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm cov pob txha no. Yog li ntawd, peat muaj:
- humus (cov khoom organic daig);
- cov zaub mov;
- dej.
- carbon - 40-60%;
- hydrogen - 5%;
- oxygen - 2-3%;
- sulfur, phosphorus, poov tshuaj - hauv me me.
Koj puas paub? Qee cov neeg muaj lus nug: "Is peat ib pob zeb los yog tsis?". Nws yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog pob zeb thim pob zeb.Vim lub high school cov ntsiab lus, qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm combustion ntawm peat yog 21-25 MJ / kg, uas muaj peev xwm nce nrog decomposition thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic sib txuas - bitumen.
Cov tsos, qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm no ntuj tsim hloov raws li cov theem ntawm decomposition hloov. Yog li, cov xim hloov ntawm lub teeb daj kom dub. Sib txawv ntawm cov degree ntawm decomposition yuav tus qauv - fiber ntau los yog amorphous, thiab porosity.
Qhov ntau dua qhov degree ntawm decomposition ntawm peat, tsawg dua nws yuav muaj dej-soluble thiab yooj yim hydrolyzed tshuaj, thiab ntau dua yuav cov ntsiab lus ntawm humic acids thiab tsis yog hydrolyzed seem.
Koj puas paub? Txog cov khoom ntawm peat paub txij ancient sij hawm. Thawj cov lus hais ntawm nws raug pom nyob rau hauv cov lus sau ntawm Roman scholar Pliny tus Txwj Laug, hnub tim 77 AD. Muaj ntau qhov chaw uas qhia tias peat tau siv nyob rau hauv XII-XIII xyoo pua hauv Scotland thiab Holland. Nyob rau hauv Russia, txoj kev tshawb ntawm fossil pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII.
Lub ntsiab vaj tse ntawm peat yog lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov carbon thiab photosynthesis khoom.Tso nws rau hauv cov av yuav pab txhim kho nws cov dej noo thiab kev ua pa, porosity, microbiological thiab zaub mov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, peat yog tau kho cov av, txo qib ntawm nitrates nyob rau hauv nws, weaken qhov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. Vim lub ntsiab lus ntawm humic thiab cov amino acids, nws pab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Cov khoom no piav qhia vim li cas peat yog li tseem ceeb rau lub vaj teb.
Qhov zoo ntawm peat yog kwv yees nyob ntawm seb muaj nitrogen, poov tshuaj, phosphorus. Nws kuj yog xaiv raws li cov txheej xwm raws li tshauv, av noo, calorific nqi, degree ntawm decomposition.
Yuav ua li cas siv peat raws li fertilizer
Kev siv cov lowland thiab pauv peat ntawm dacha raws li lub chiv pub rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov kab mob ntawm cov av, ua rau nws muaj huab cua dua-thiab noo noo-permeable. Tsis tas li ntawd, peat muaj ib tug zoo siv rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm hauv paus system ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los thov nws rau ntawm cov av xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Yuav kom pub fertilizer raws ntawm peat fertile av nrog ib tug humus theem ntawm 4-5% yog irrational. Tab sis yog nws tsim nyog nws ua loam, ib qho lus qhib, sib tham txog qhov teeb meem no tseem muaj raws li nram no.
Txij li high-moor peat muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam acidification ntawm cov av, nws tsis siv raws li ib tug fertilizer, tsuas yog siv rau cov av mulching. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog ua kom muaj kev tshwj tseg tias muaj ntau ntau yam nroj tsuag uas yuav tsum muaj qoob los sis acidic av qis thaum cog. Cov no muaj xws li blueberries, heather, rhododendron, hydrangea. Xws li cov nroj tsuag fertilize thiab mulch nrog to top hom peat.
Thiaj li rau cov nyhuv ntawm peat pub rau ntau tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv peat, uas muaj ib tug degree ntawm decomposition ntawm yam tsawg 30-40%. Tsis tas li, thaum nkag mus rau hauv cov av yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- lowland peat ua ntej yuav siv tau rau qhov cua thiab sib tsoo;
- hnav khaub ncaws cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav overdried (zoo av noo - 50-70%).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv horticulture thiab floriculture, peat nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv yog siv tsis siv; nws yog siv rau fertilizing nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv mixtures nrog rau lwm cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv los yog nyob rau hauv compost. Cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kev cog qoob loo thiab muaj teeb meem rau cov av.Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua phem rau qhov yuam kev, koj yuav tsum xub paub peat decomposition tus nqi. Nws muaj ib txoj hauv kev qhia sai sai.
Yuav kom ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau siv ib tug puv tes ntawm peat, nyem hauv ib lub nrig, thiab ces tuav rau ib daim ntawv dawb.
Yog tias tsis muaj zog tsis pom lossis tsis pom kiag li, qhov kev sojntsuam yuav tsis ntau tshaj 10%.
Txoj kev ntawm daj, lub teeb grey los yog lub teeb xim daj qhia txog 10-20 feem pua kev lwj.
Xim av, xim xim av xim-xim xiav qhia tias peat muaj ib qho biomass decomposed los ntawm 20-35%.
Nrog lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav txim - 35-50% - peat stains daim ntawv nyob rau hauv nplua nuj grey, xim av xim dub los yog xim dub, thaum lub smear yuav sib. Thiab nws yuav xuas koj txhais tes.
Yog hais tias tus peat muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj decomposed los ntawm 50% los sis ntau tshaj, lub voos rau ntawm daim ntawv yuav pleev xim rau hauv cov xim dub.
Kev siv ntawm peat nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab yog ua tau nrog:
- av daim ntawv thov los txhim kho nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg;
- kev npaj ntawm lub substrate rau cog;
- raws li ib tug raw khoom rau kev npaj chiv;
- raws li ib tug mulch rau vaj tse ntawm cov nroj tsuag ua ntej lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm;
- rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm peat blocks rau seedlings, strengthening lub slopes, lawn arrangement.
Lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj, yog vim li cas koj xav tau kom peat, yog los txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov av. Mus cuag nws, peat nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm muab 2-3 thoob rau ib 1 square meter. Qhov no yuav txaus kom nce qib ntawm cov khoom siv tau los ntawm 1%. Xws li hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua xyoo, maj mam nqa theem ntawm av fertility mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Thaum mulching yog siv raws li ntshiab peat, thiab tov nws nrog sawdust, Pine koob, bark, straw, manure.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ua ntej mulching, txo acidity ntawm peat los ntawm ntxiv ntoo tshauv, txiv qaub los yog dolomite hmoov.Txawm li ntawd los, nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb los siv peat raws li ib tug fertilizer nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm compost.
Paus compost: yuav ua li cas thiab ua li cas fertilize nroj tsuag
Muaj ntau txoj hau kev rau kev tsim compost los ntawm peat.
Peat compost. Cov cua tuaj yaug 70% nteg ib txheej ntawm 45 cm nyob rau hauv ib tug canopy los yog zaj duab xis. Lawv ua rau hauv nws lub txav mus rau hauv uas cov tsiaj feces yog poured, sprinkling lawv nrog peat thiaj li hais tias lawv yog tag nrho absorbed. Ntawm txhua sab, nplooj lwg muaj zog nrog lub ntiaj teb los tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb microclimate. Thaum lub compost cov ntaub ntawv yog qhuav, nws yog watered. Nws yuav tsim nyog siv tom qab ib xyoos. Nws yog qhov zoo dua uas siv rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Xav - 2-3 kg / 1 square. m
Compost los ntawm peat thiab manure. Rau qhov kev npaj ntawm no fertilizer yuav haum rau tej yam manure: nees, nqaij qaib, nyuj. Lub ntsiab cai yog nteg ib txheej ntawm peat (50 cm) thiab ib txheej ntawm manure tig. Qhov siab ntawm cov ntawv cim yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 1.5 m. Peat yog siv raws li txheej txheej. Thaum txhua txhua 1.5-2 lub hlis, lub compost yuav tsum tov, hloov txheej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Koj yuav tsum tau ib ntus dej dej tshuaj ntsuab, ib qho kev tov ntawm potash fertilizer, slurry.
Compost los ntawm peat, manure, sawdust. Daim ntawv qhia no yuav qhia koj tias yuav ua li cas kom tau txais tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej-hnav khaub ncaws raws li peat. Nws yog npaj zoo li ib txheej khoom qab zib. Ib txheej ntawm peat yog poured cia, sawdust yog tso rau nws nrog ib tug txheej ntawm 10 cm, weeds, qhov siab, khoom noj pov tseg 20 cm siab. Tom qab ntawd, yog hais tias muaj, ib tug 20-cm txheej ntawm manure yog sau.
Ib txheej ntawm peat yog pw on to top. Lub tag nrho pawg yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 1.5 m. Los ntawm ob sab nws yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb. Thov kev pab no compost tom qab 1-1.5 xyoo. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no nws yog tsim nyog los sib tov nws, ncuav nws nrog ib tug ntawm tov superphosphate, slurry. Ua kom lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1-2 kg / 1 square. m
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov phom nws yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tshav ntuj, tsim lub hnab rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn lawv them nrog nplooj poob.
Compost yog siv nyob rau tib txoj kev ua rau manure - nws tsuas yog tawg nrog ib tug shovel ib ncig ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv los yog sprinkled cov av ib ncig ntawm lub trunks ntawm nroj tsuag, ua raws li kev khawb, nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov dej ua ntej cog. Koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- rau kev khawb - 30-40 kg / 1 square. m;
- nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog pristvolny, ib qhov - ib txheej 5-6 cm tuab.
Peat raws li ib tug fertilizer: tag nrho cov pros thiab cons
Peb suav hais tias yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom ntawm peat thiab nws siv rau. Nyob rau hauv seem no peb yuav sim kom to taub lub feasibility ntawm kev siv no fertilizer, raws li tau zoo raws li sib piv nws cov khoom siv nrog lwm cov organic teeb meem.
Kev siv ntawm tsuas yog ib peat raws li ib tug fertilizer yog tsis tsim ntawm ua tau cov kev xav tau - nws yog zoo dua los mus siv lwm hom dressings nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab minerals.
Niaj hnub no, thaum cov organic chiv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau cuag tau muag, gardeners thiab gardeners muaj ib qho nyuaj xaiv nyob rau hauv xaiv uas to top hnav khaub ncaws muab. Yog hais tias koj xav: peat los yog humus - uas yog zoo, ces peb nco ntsoov tias lawv yog ob qho zoo thiab tsis zoo rau ib leeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Txawm li cas los, lub peat yuav tsum tau ntau tsawg tshaj li humus. Yog li, piv txwv li, ntawm ib zaj lus ntawm 10 square meters. m yuav tsum tau peat - 20 kg, humus - 70 kg.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum to taub txog dab tsi lub hom phiaj koj xav siv ib qho kev chiv. Yog hais tias cov av yog heev neeg pluag, ces koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau txhim kho nws cov qauv nrog kev pab los ntawm peat, thiab tom qab mus rau nws fertility, ua humus. Koj kuj tseem siv tau peat digging, thiab npog nrog ib txheej ntawm humus on to top rau ib tug zoo dua cov nyhuv.
Feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem ua ntej cov tswv hauv thaj tsam: peat los yog dub av - uas yog zoo dua. Lossis loj ntxiv rau chernozem nyob rau hauv ib tug loj cov ntsiab lus ntawm humus - lub organic feem, uas yog tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob.
Txawm li cas los, qhov no dub av yog feem ntau tus kab mob nrog cov kab mob thiab cov pests, uas threatens yav tom ntej harvests.
Peat kuj muaj humus nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj tej zaum ntau tshaj li uas muaj hauv dub av. Yog hais tias nws yog tov nrog xuab zeb, perlite (vermiculite), humus, ces no substrate yuav tshaj dub av nyob rau hauv nws lub zog.
Tam sim no koj paub tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog peat, nws yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thov nws kom raug. Yog hais tias peat chiv yog tshwm tiag nyob rau hauv thaj av hauv koj cheeb tsam, tom qab ntawd ua kom raug thiab zoo, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo.
