Grapes

Cov kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab thiab cov kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm lawv

Kab mob ntawm grapes - ib tug zoo kev hem thawj rau no nroj tsuag. Qhov ntau qab zib thiab loj ntau yam nyob twj ywm tshaj plaws rau lawv, txawm ua hauj lwm ntawm breeders. Yog li ntawd, thiaj li tau txais ib tug zoo sau, koj yuav tsum tau paub yuav ua li cas kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau cov kab mob.

Koj puas paub? Grapes - tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag hauv ntiaj teb uas kawm txog kev cais kev kawm - kab lis kev cai.

Necrosis ntawm cov nkoj ntoo

Qhov no kab mob feem ntau tawm tsam cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings. Externally, nws ua tau rau nws tus kheej hauv kev ua paj paws thiab lub nrooj maj mam tuag ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov ntoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas cuam tshuam yuav poob qab rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua rau muaj huab cua phem ntau dua (drought, muaj zog cua, te, thiab lwm yam). Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kws kho mob ntseeg tias fungi, uas nkag mus rau hauv ntoo thaum lub caij ntuj no cia. Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj ntawm tus kab mob no nws yog pom zoo:

  • thaum lub sij hawm npaj thiab cia ntawm vine tsis siv cov ntaub ntawv uas khaws dej noo, piv txwv li, polyethylene;
  • txiv huab tais hlwb yuav tsum tsuas yog nyob rau lub teeb xau nrog kua zoo;
  • periodically ntxiv boric chiv rau cov av nyob rau hauv vegetative nroj tsuag.

Shrinking tua

Nws tsis yog ib qho mob, raws li nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho teeb meem metabolic nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pawg. Tshwm sim nrog hnyav dej nag lossis tsis muaj ya raws. Tus kab mob sai sai. Dotted thiab oblong me ntsis ntawm xim av thiab xim dub tshwm. Lub lesion npog qhov tob txheej ntawm cov tua.

Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam ziab tawm yog:

  • txau nrog 0.75% magnesium chloride, 0.75% calcium chloride, los yog sib tov ntawm cov tshuaj no (concentration - 0.5%);
  • txau 3% magnesium sulphate.
Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, kev kho mob yog ua tiav nrog ib lub caij nyoog ntawm 10 hnub kom txog rau thaum tiav disappearance ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau grapes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rhiab rau siv yeeb siv tshuaj, tshuaj kho yog tsis haum. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ua complex chiv.

Alternaria

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov fungal kab mob ntawm grape nplooj. Txhawb kom lub siab ntawm high humidity thiab cua sov. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv nplooj ntoo tshwm lub teeb blotches nrog cov cim qhia ntawm necrosis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv tag blackens, cov pwm tsim. Berries shrivel, Bloom thiab ua tasteless.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam Alternaria yuav tsum pib sai sai thaum ob peb thawj nplooj tawm tshwm rau ntawm vine nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.

Cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw mob ntawm tus kab mob no nrog tus kab mob no pom zoo:

  • ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov nplooj ntawm cov txiv hmab, tuag tua, kab, thiab lwm yam, vim nws yog nyob rau hauv lawv fungus winters;
  • thaum pib ntawm loj hlob rau lub caij los mus ua lub grapes Bordeaux kua, ces - raws li tsim nyog, txhua 10-14 hnub. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj "Kvadris", "Rapid Gold", "Skor", "Kolfugo Super."

Armillaria

Qhov thib ob lub npe ntawm fungal kab mob yog paus rot. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm browning ntawm keeb kwm ntawm grapes, lawv ua xoob thiab mos, lub nplooj qhuav. Mushroom yuav pom nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Bush nrog lub qhov muag liab qab. Cov nroj tsuag tuag. Cov kws txawj qhia:

  • khawb ditches nruab nrab ntawm cov vineyard thiab hav zoov thiab hav zoov cog kom tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob los ntawm fungal spores;
  • rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag thiab kho cov av hauv qab lawv nrog tooj liab-muaj fungicides.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! On qhov chaw mob, txiv hmab yog tsis cog rau tsawg kawg yog ib xyoos.

Aspergillus lwj

Fungal tus kab mob ntawm grapes, cuam tshuam berries nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua. Thaum xub thawj, dawb me ntsis raug tsim nyob rau hauv berries. Sij hawm dhau los, lawv tsaus ntuj. Qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm ua mos, nyuab siab. Tom qab ntawd lub berries pib tawg, ib tug dawb Bloom tshwm rau lawv, ces - ib tug powdery dub-xim av loj. Cov pawg ua cov xim dub. Qhov txhais tau tias los tiv thaiv no thiab lwm cov kab mob cuam tshuam siav grapes yog cov nram qab no:

  • sai sau thaum ripe, thiaj li tsis muaj lub sij hawm los tsim rot;
  • ceev faj tu cov zaub tseem nyob rau hauv uas lub fungus tuaj yeem nyob.

Dawb rot

Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob yog fungus. Feem ntau cuam tshuam lub vineyard nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, tom qab lub hnub los yog lawg. Nws ntws sai heev. Nyob rau hauv cia li ib ob peb lub sij hawm, lub berries darken thiab shrink. Cov tsos mob ntawm huab cua dawb hauv cov huab cua qhuav yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov pinkish dots, thiab hauv huab cua ntub dej - cov tsom iav dub. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ib feem ntawm cov pawg los yog tag nrho pawg yuav raug puas ntsoog. Poob rau hauv av, qhov cuam tshuam berries ua ib tug yug me nyuam hauv av rau tus kab mob. Yuav kom tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv dawb rot, cov nram qab no yog siv:

  • nco ntsoov xyuas cov vineyard "Kolfugo Super" los yog "Fundazol" tom qab lawg;
  • koj tsis tuaj yeem noj cuttings ntawm diseased bushes rau cog;
  • Cov ceg qhuav uas muaj cov kab liab dawb yav dhau los yog kho cov phomicides 2-3 zaug ntawm ib lub caij los tiv thaiv kab mob rov qab.

Acid lwj

Thawj harbinger ntawm tus kab mob yog cov tsos ntawm xim av rotten berries nyob rau hauv ib txwm bunches ntawm grapes. Feem ntau, acid rot cuam tshuam ntau yam nrog kua pulp thiab nyias daim tawv nqaij. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm luv luv, lawv cov naj npawb nce, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo flies pib ya mus rau tsis hnov ​​tsw ntawm rot. Nyob rau hauv paub tus kab mob yog pom zoo:

  • maj mam muab tshem tag nrho cov plhu puas;
  • kho lub vineyard nrog ib tug insecticide, piv txwv li, "Fitoverm", bordeaux kua los yog tshuaj tsuag dej sulfur.

Koj puas paub? Tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis Pierre-Marie Alexis Milardé invented Bordeaux kua los tiv thaiv fungal kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab. Niaj hnub nim no, nws yog siv los ua fungicide universal thiab rau lwm haiv neeg.

Grey rot

Nws cuam tshuam cov berries, uas pib mus rau darken, tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog them nrog ib tug grey ntub Bloom. Txij thaum tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev tiv thaiv:

  • periodically loosen cov av nyob rau hauv ib tug Bush thiab ua puas yog nroj;
  • lub sij hawm kom tshem tawm kab mob kev nkeeg;
  • cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw ze ntawm txhua qhov kom txaus qhov cua thiab ua kom sov;
  • tshuaj tsuag berries 1% tov ntawm baking soda los yog kho iodine (30-40 tee ntawm iodine yaj hauv ib lub thoob dej). Cov kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ib zaug txhua txhua 10 hnub ntawm lub slightest suspicion ntawm grey rot.

Dub tawg

Fungal disease, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam cov vineyards nyob ze dej. Berries maj txo shrivel thiab tig dub. Nyob rau ntawm high humidity, ntaub ntawv ntub, thiab nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua lawv tsuas qhuav tawm. Tom qab xa me nyuam mus rau hauv cov av yog cov khoom ntawm tus kab mob. Nrog dub rot, lub teeb me ntsis nrog ib tug ntsuab ntsuab npoo tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, thiab yam ntxwv dub kab txaij tshwm rau ntawm stems. Txij li thaum tus kab mob no yuav luag tsis tau kho, kev sib ntaus tawm tsam nws tawm mus rau kev tiv thaiv:

  • rhuav pov ntawm diseased berries, stems, nplooj;
  • uprooting qub vineyards.

Bacteriosis

Tus mob raug rau cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij cog qoob. Manifested los ntawm cov tsos ntawm xim av thiab liab me ntsis rau ntawm berries, uas muaj ib tug wrinkled qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub berries qhuav li. Lawv provoke kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob sunburn.

Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob nws raug pom zoo:

  • tiv thaiv ntawm grape plantations los ntawm ntau hnub ci;
  • tshem tawm ntawm cuam tshuam berries;
  • sib ntaus tawm tsam kab uas ua puas lub plhaub ntawm grapes.

Kab mob khees xaws

Kab mob ntawm tus kab mob, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsos mob uas yog tsim los ntawm cov hlav hauv qab cortex. Tom qab lub caij ntuj no frosts, xws li npuas tawg, disrupting lub meej mom ntawm bark.

Rau kev kho thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kab mob cancer ntawm grape siv xws li txoj kev:

  • tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua los ntawm Frost;
  • tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag;
  • ntuav tawm ntawm cov kab mob kis kab mob; ntawm no tus taw tes qhov txiav yog kho nrog 3% ntawm Bordeaux sib tov los yog 5% tov ntawm ferrous sulfate;
  • yog hais tias tus kab mob twb tau ntaus lub grapes, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau thov phosphorus-poov tshuaj chiv, tshem tawm nitrogen rau ob peb lub xyoo. Koj tuaj yeem siv ntoo tshauv.

Rubella kis tau

Tus kab mob fungus tshwm sim los ntawm txhua yam kev ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau nplooj thiab ceg ntoo. Cov kab mob hauv siab raug tsiv mus rau ib tug tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag nrog nroj tsuag thiab av. Ua ntej, wedge-puab rust-colored me ntsis tshwm rau ntawm nplooj ntawv, thiab sai sai no foliage ntog kiag. Xws li cov nroj tsuag seem ua tus nqa kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob:

  • rhuav tshem ntawm qhov cuam tshuam nplooj;
  • li khawb ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv lub bushes thiab ceev faj pruning ntawm tua;
  • kev kho mob ntawm cov qhov txhab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob;
  • caij nplooj ntoos hlav txau ntawm txiv hmab nplooj nrog fungicides (Ridomil Kub, Bordeaux sib tov, thiab lwm yam); kev npaj yuav tsum tau siv ob qho nyob rau sab saum npoo ntawm nplooj thiab nyob rau hauv ib sab;
  • pob zeb hauv av fertilization ntawm cov av (piv txwv li, potassium nitrate) thiab cov organic chiv, uas nce tus tsis kam ntawm tus kab mob.

Spotted necrosis

Nroj tsuag txiv hmab necrosis yog ib hom kab mob fungal uas yog pom los ntawm cov tsos ntawm foci ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuag hauv qab cortex. Qhov qub tsaus me ntsis yog tsim tshaj li lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau nplooj. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob yog raws li nram no:

  • kev puas tsuaj ntawm nplooj poob;
  • tob digging ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag;
  • raws sij hawm pruning ntawm ceg, uas muab zoo qhov cua ntawm nruab nrab ntawm tua;
  • cia cov khoom cog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam qhov chaw;
  • kev kho mob ntawm seedlings nrog ib tug daws ntawm ferrous sulfate (4%).

Oidium (powdery mildew)

Nrog swb ntawm oidium grape nplooj yog thawj them nrog dawb Bloom nrog dub thaj ua rau thaj. Tsis ntev tsaus nti tshwm nyob rau hauv tua, thiab lub buds poob. Externally, qhov cuam tshuam qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwm raws li sprinkled nrog ashes. Thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm grapes, lub grapes tawg, ib tug grey loj nrog ib tug tsis hnov ​​tsw tsw raws ntawm lawv. Lub plab ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem yog huab cua sov lossis hloov pauv hauv huab cua txias.

Caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm oidium yog nqa tawm nrog daws ntawm colloidal sulfur (1%). Nws rov qab txhua 10-12 hnub kom txog rau thaum cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no ploj. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb "Acrobat MC", "Carbis Top".

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis siv rau ntawm propagation ntawm cuttings ntawm cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag.

Mildew (mildew)

Tus kab mob cuam tshuam tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov txiv hmab. Nws pib nrog me me oily me ntsis rau ntawm saum npoo ntawm nplooj, uas maj nce nyob rau hauv loj. Sij hawm dhau los, cov nplooj ua xim av, dries thiab ntog. Tib yam li nrog lub cuam tshuam stems, buds thiab berries. Feem ntau feem ntau tus kab mob tsim nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - thawj ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov txiv hmab ntawm no thiab cov kab mob zoo sib xws nyob hauv:

  • hlawv tag nrho cov nplooj poob;
  • khawb av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Bush;
  • raws sij hawm pruning ntawm grapes rau zoo dua qhov cua;
  • txau cov nroj tsuag nrog tooj liab-muaj preparations (Bordeaux sib tov, tooj liab oxychloride) nyob rau hauv ob theem (ua ntej flowering thiab tom qab 14 hnub). Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj "Oxyh", "Kurzat", "Hom", "Polyhom".

Septoria

Lwm lub npe rau tus kab mob no yog melanosis. Yam ntxwv rau lub nutmeg ntau yam ntawm kab lis kev cai. Thaum thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob, me me xim av foci yuav pom nyob rau nplooj. Thaum high humidity, fluffy pwm kuj tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm underside ntawm foliage. Tsis ntev tom qab nws dries thiab ntog, tshuav ib tug cab kuj ntawm pathogen.

Kho grapes los ntawm Txau nrog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm Bordeaux sib tov. (1%). Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob kom zoo zoo ua kom puas poob nplooj thiab puas bushes.

Dub nqaij ntawd

Nws cuam tshuam aboveground qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog:

  • tsaus xim av ntawm cov nplooj, maj mam tig mus rau hauv dub me ntsis;
  • hloov cov xim ntawm cov berries mus rau ib tsos tsaus tsawv, tsis tseem ceeb hue, lawv saj deteriorates;
  • kev loj hlob ntawm rot hauv tua.
Nrog dub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev tiv thaiv yuav yog:

  • kev siv cov nroj tsuag seem nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg;
  • txau Bordeaux kua los yog "Euparenom" thaum lub caij cog qoob.

Chlorosis

Chlorosis ntawm grapes muaj peev xwm kis tau ob qho tib si thiab tsis kis mob. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm rooj plaub, lub nroj tsuag ua ntau yam kev ua txhaum ntawm photosynthesis, vim hais tias ntawm cov nplooj tig daj ntseg. Kev loj hlob ntawm tua slows down, thiab foliage sai dries thiab ntog. Lub ntsiab ntawm kev kho mob yog spraying bushes nrog hlau-muaj npaj, piv txwv li, vitriol los yog Brexil-chelate. Cov txheej txheem yog rov ua ob peb zaug.

Cercosporosis

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm no fungal tus kab mob muaj peev xwm puas tag nrho aboveground qhov chaw ntawm Bush. Lub hauv paus ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov tseem ntawm cov nroj tsuag raug. Nyob rau thaum ntxov, cercosporosis yog kuaj pom los ntawm cov tsos ntawm sab nraud ntawm nplooj ntawm ib cov quav ntawm cov txiv ntseej cov xim thiab tsaus nti, uas nws thiaj li qhuav tawm. Berries harden thiab shrivel. Tsis ntev lub txiv hmab thiab nplooj ntoo nplooj poob. Grape spine yog kho los ntawm Txau Bordeaux kua. Yog hais tias tus grapes yog tsis muaj nuj nqis tshwj xeeb, lawv uprooted.

Feem ntau cov kab mob ntawm cov grapes yuav zam tau los ntawm ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag seem tom qab harvesting thiab thov kev tiv thaiv kev pab ntawm grapes nrog fungicides.