Sorghum yog tsis paub zoo heev cereal cog rau hauv peb cov latitudes, uas loj hlob nyob rau Africa, Asia, ob qhov chaw ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas, Australia thiab Europe.
Kev noj zaub mov muaj nqi khoom noj thiab tseem dav siv ua khoom noj tsiaj. Cov nroj tsuag yog ib qho khoom siv rau cov hmoov nplej, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, dej cawv (bioethanol) thiab cov cereal, thiab pias suab thaj. Hauv kev lag luam zoo, cov paj ntoo siv los ua ntawv, ntau hom kev weaving, zoo li cov khaub thuas.
Tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm sorghum yog conventionally muab faib ua plaub pawg: qab zib, grain, pasture thiab venice sorghum. Thawj peb hom nroj tsuag siv los ua fodder, txawm li cas los:
- piam thaj poom, paaj poom thiab nyuj nyoos, kuj yog siv ua raw khoom rau zib zis;
- starch yog los ntawm grain thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov;
- Grassy (grazing) nplooj pwm, xws li Sudanese nyom, yog siv tshwj xeeb raws li pub nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu raws li ib feem ntawm lwm cov qoob loo grain.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, txhua hom phaj ywg, nrog rau cov kua mis nyuj, yog siv los pub tsiaj thiab ntses. Tab sis tom qab lub collapse ntawm lub USSR, tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ua teb nyob rau hauv lub qub republics sharply poob, thiab yog li ntawd qhov kev thov rau no hom pub poob. Nrog rau kev hloov ua tiav ntawm cov tsiaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua kev ua lag luam paug, txawm li ntawd los, nws tsis muaj peev xwm kho tau nws cov haujlwm yav dhau los, txij li qhov tau xaiv los rau cov tsiaj txhu ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tuaj txawv teb chaws, uas, dhau los, twb tau txais lwm yam pub.
Ntawm cov teb chaws uas tsim cov nplooj pwm, Teb Chaws Asmeskas tseem tab tom ua tus thawj coj, tom qab Mexico, India, Argentina, Australia, Nigeria, Sudan thiab Ethiopia. Lub teb chaws loj ntawm sorghum nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog Suav teb: lub xeev no hlob tuaj paj nruag ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis kom tau raws li nws cov khoom xav tau, nws yuav nws sia mus thoob ntiajteb.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom noj khoom haus
Pag yog permissible loj hlob ntawm xau yav tas los nyob los ntawm txhua yam qoob loo, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho kev puas tsuaj ntawm weeds nyob rau hauv lub teb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws precursors ntawm sorghum yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsis tawm hauv qab ib tug muaj zog av paug thiab tsis dehydrate nws. Cov kev zoo no feem ntau yog los ntawm cov qoob loo uas muab qoob loo thaum ntxov, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no cov neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj sij hawm txaus los npaj rau hauv av rau ntawm sowing ntawm sorghum: mus rau moisten thiab tshem tawm cov nroj.
Lub cultivation ntawm sorghum tom qab peas, pob kws thiab lub caij ntuj no nplej muab zoo tshwm sim.
Koj puas paub? Sorghum muaj ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb: nws muaj peev xwm raug muab pov rau tib qhov chaw ntau zaus nyob rau hauv ib tug kab tsis muaj worrying txog qoob loo tig. Cov qoob loo ntawm kab lis kev cai nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los ntawm lub xyoo mus rau xyoo tsis txo. Qhov no kom zoo dua rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag cia nws yuav cog rau cov cheeb tsam tsis zoo rau lwm cov qoob loo, thiab cov av xau tas tom qab siv tas.
Cov av npaj thiab fertilization
Cov kev cai rau cog cov av rau sorghum tsis nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj twg cov qoob loo loj tuaj. Txij li thaum tsis muaj av irrigated lands feem ntau yog siv rau cov nroj tsuag no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov av accumulates thiab khaws ntau npaum li noo noo li sai tau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej sowing.
Yog hais tias pias thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob, ua ntej sowing nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nqa tawm ib lub pob ntseg sib sib zog nqus nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau rov qab los yog ntxiv nrog rau cov av uas muaj kev sib tw ntawm herbicide.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog tias txoj hlab nev tawv nqaij tsis tau ua tiav (tsis yog tam sim ntawd tom qab sau cov thawj ntawm cov thawj), cov av yuav muaj sij hawm qhuav thiab petrify, vim li ntawd, txoj hauj lwm yuav nyuaj tshaj.
Qhov thib ob theem - loosening ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 25 cm thiaj li tau tshem ntawm perennial weeds. Tom qab ntawd, cov av yuav tsum tau sib npaug, tsis tas tawm qhov kev ua no kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txwv tsis pub lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsis muaj peev xwm khaws cov dej noo thiab muab nws tso kom txaus.
Ib tug zoo sau ntawm sorghum yog tsis muaj peev xwm tsis ntxiv rau cov av qhov tsim nyog, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub tsom xam ntawm lub meej nyob tus yeees ntawm cov av, tus nqi ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv - feem ntau nitrogen, phosphate thiab poov tshuaj. Nws yog zoo dua mus rau fertilize cov av nyob rau hauv Autumn, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, vim lub dryness ntawm cov av, sorghum keeb kwm yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tag nrho siv cov ntxiv additives.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej sowing, lub tebchaws yog harrowed: Sandy nyob rau hauv ib qho kev khiav, loam nyob rau hauv ob. Cultivation ua ntej sowing yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tas, yog hais tias lub teb tau tswj kom overgrow nrog ib tug maj, tus txheej txheem yog rov qab ob zaug.
Yog hais tias lub noo noo nyob rau hauv hauv av tsis txaus, nws yog tseem tseem ceeb los ua ib lub tsev: nws yuav sov thiab moisten cov av, yuav accelerate qhov kev loj hlob ntawm weeds, uas yuav tam sim ntawd yuav puas los ntawm cultivation.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus txheej txheem rau kev npaj cov av rau sorghum yog zoo li uas uas yog nqa tawm ua ntej cog zaub.. Qhov loj tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav yog los moisten hauv av raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txheej nyob rau hauv uas cov noob yuav germinate.
Noob npaj rau sowing
Sawb sorghum yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tom qab npaj ua hauj lwm nrog cov noob, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo germination. Ua ntej txhua yam, cov qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab tua kom zoo: yog cov qoob ntub thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, cais kom txhuam kom ruaj ntawm lub panicles thiab nplej. Qhuav cov noob raug muab ntxuav, txheeb, coj mus rau sowing mob thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv qhuav qhov chaw nrog zoo qhov cua.
Txog li ib lub hlis ua ntej sowing, cov noob hnoos qhwv qhaub cij tuaj yeem khaws tiv thaiv fungi, kab mob thiab kab tsuag, zoo li ua rau lawv cov microflora uas nkag rau cov noob thaum lub caij ntuj no.
On lub yim ntawm noob sowing, lub noob yuav tsum tau rhuab kom tsa lawv rau zoo dua germination. Ua li no, lub noob qoob loo nyob rau hauv ib lub plhaub nyias ntawm ib lub tarpaulin thiab sab laug rau ib lub lim tiam hauv lub hnub, stirring Qee zaus. Yog hais tias huab cua yog pos huab thaum lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem qhuav qhuav cov noob rau hauv ib qho ziab khaub ncaws.
Cov hnub nyoog zoo tshaj plaws rau cov phom suab
Nws yog zoo dua mus sow sorghum tom qab cov av kub warms li sufficiently tom qab lub caij ntuj no. Rau grain ntau yam, qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub kub ntawm qhov tob ntawm sowing yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 14-16 ° C, rau qab zib thiab pasture, nws yog permissible degree. Thaum sov siab dua, cov pwm loj tuaj ob zaug sai sai.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum ntxov sowing leads mus pluag germination, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv thiab, kab lis kev cai hlob qeeb thiab sai sai overgrown nrog weeds.
Av noo noo thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cog yuav tsum npa yuav 65-75%.
Txoj kev ntawm sowing sorghum rau tsiaj pub
Txij li sorghum belongs rau me me-seeded nroj tsuag, nws yuav tsis tau cog dhau lawm: tua nrog xws li cog tom qab thiab loj hlob zuj zus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog hais tias cov paj ntoo tau cog tsawg heev, nws yuav tsis nce txhua qhov vim qhov tseeb hauv av yog drier rau ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau soj ntsuam qhov siab tshaj plaws rau kev cog - txog li 5 cm hauv ntub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ob peb centimeters tob nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua (lub sij hawm seeding nyob rau tom kawg rooj plaub yuav tsum tau nce los ntawm tsawg kawg yog ib lub hlis twg).
Txoj kev cog qoob loo, qhov cog ntawm qhov cog ntawm qhov 1 toj ntawm thaj chaw, raws li lub uniformity ntawm cog yog qhov tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug qoob loo, vim hais txog kev noj haus, ua pa, kev noj nqaij thiab photosynthesis ntawm sorghum nyob ntawm seb lawv ua tiav. Nyeg, los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem, nws yog ua tau kom hloov lub sij hawm ntawm qoob loo ripening, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau txais ib qho khoom noj qoob loo hauv qee cov kev mob.
Feem ntau, cov pwm thaj av yog sown nyob rau hauv kab-dav nrog 70 cm dav dav kab. Yog hais tias koj muaj cov khoom tsim nyog, grain sorghum ntawm undersized ntau yam tau sown yuav luag ob zaug li tuab, uas tso cai rau koj sau ntau tshaj 1 qoob loo los ntawm 5 hectares.
Tshaj liaj teb tau qoob loo ntau dua los sis tsawg dua, nyob ntawm seb muaj dab tsi zoo li cas, kev nyab xeeb thiab av, nrog rau ntau yam thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm nws cov sau qoob.
Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam haum qhuav, grain sorghum yog sown nrog ib tug ceev ntawm tsis ntau tshaj li 0,1 lab units ib 1 his, pasture yuav cog 20% tuab. Yog hais tias muaj ntau tshaj ntuj nag, lub ntom ntawm cov qaub ntsuab forage sowing yuav nce raws li nram no:
- rau siv raws li ntsuab pub - 0.25-0.3 lab units ib 1 hectare;
- rau silage - 0.15-0.18 lab units ib 1 his;
- rau grain sorghum - 0.1-0.12 lab pcs. ntawm 1 hectare;
- rau pasture ntau yam - 0.2-0.25 lab pcs. rau 1 his.
Ntxiv nrog rau txoj kab dav dav rau kev siv nyob rau hauv ntsuab fodder, sorghum tseem raug sown nrog daim kab xev ob kab los sis cov kev sib lawv liag. Noob noj nqi - 20-25 kg ib 1 hectare.
Nws kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yog siv cov khoom noj xyaw ntses tov nrog cov lauj kaub (piv txwv, peas los yog taum pauv) los yog nrog pob kws.
Puab cov zaub txhuag quav
Tsiaj txhu kev tu tsiaj txhu yog los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab kab tsuag, uas tuaj yeem muab los ntawm kev kho tshuab lossis tshuaj.
Yuav mechanical txoj kev nrog rau ntau hom hom txaj, cultivation thiab hilling. Yuav tshuaj - kev kho mob nrog herbicides.
Koj puas paub? Cov zaub txheeb, vim yog tannin alkaloid muaj nyob hauv nws cov nplej, thiab nyob rau hauv nplooj - cov glycosides ntawm durrin thiab silica, muaj ib qho kev tiv thaiv txhim kho uas ua rau tsob ntoo ua rau cov kab mob uas lwm yam qoob loo raug kev txom nyem.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tswj hwm Kab Tsuag, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas pub zaub mov qoob loo, qhov no ua rau qoob loo qoob loo.
Organic chiv zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej cog, pob zeb hauv av - nitrogen, phosphate thiab potash chiv hauv 1: 1: 1 piv, raws li tau hais los saum toj no, yog siv rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tab sis nitrogen chiv, ntxiv rau, yuav tsum tau ntxiv raws li kev pub mov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob soj ntsuam. Thaum lub sij hawm sowing, granular superphosphate yog nkag tau rau hauv kab, thiab on depleted xau - tag nrho-pob zeb hauv av fertilizer. Yog hais tias, ua ntej sowing, pob zeb hauv av chiv rau ib tug yog vim li cas los yog lwm tsis tau thov, ces nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau pub rau hauv 3-4-nplooj theem nrog ib nitroamophosphate nyob rau tus nqi ntawm 2 q / his.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sorghum rau ntsuab fodder tsis tau fertilized nrog nce nqi ntawm nitrogen chiv, txij thaum lawv pab rau lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov tshuaj lom cyanide sib txuas nyob rau hauv ntsuab loj.
Phosphorus thiab potassium tsis tshua muaj soluble thiab maj mam migrate nyob rau hauv cov av, yog li ntawd, pub lawv tom qab sowing yog ineffective: cov pob zeb hauv av tshuaj nyob ua si nyob rau hauv cov av ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 10-12 cm, thaum lub hauv paus system ntawm sorghum yog tob, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev nkag tau rau fertilizer. Ntau phosphorus yog yuav tsum tau rau cov nroj tsuag cog on chernozem, on chestnut xau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau nitrogen-phosphorus chiv, potash tshem tawm zoo rau nws.
Mechanical thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Tam sim ntawd tom qab sowing, sorghum dov nrog tshwj xeeb rollers. Cov tsheb laij teb yuav tsum txav kom sai sai kom paub meej tias tsim tawm ntawm mulch vim poob ntawm lub torn clumps ntawm av.
Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm tua yuav tsum tau ua harrowing. Qhov no yuav rhuav tshem ntawm cov ntses ntswg. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias, thaum lub tsos ntawm thawj tua raug ncua, tus txheej txheem yog nqa tawm ob zaug, tej zaum txog li plaub lub sij hawm. Thaum cov paj ntoo tau tshwm sim tuaj, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tuaj yeem nqa tawm, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum ua kom zoo zoo thiab maj mam thiaj li tsis ua puas tsuaj qoob loo.
Tom qab ib qho kev npliag ntawm txoj kab, qhov pib sib sau ua ke tuaj yeem pib: thawj zaug thaum qis qis, tom qab, thaum sorghum hlob tuaj, thaum nruab nrab thiab siab nrog simultaneous hilling. Cov tom kawg rhuav ntoo thiab tiv thaiv sprouts los ntawm cua, thiab nyob rau hauv Ntxiv thiab, muab zoo dua aeration ntawm hauv paus system.
Ntxiv nrog rau machining, sorghum xav tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yuav ua li no, girbitsidy, thiab raws li qhov kev npaj ntawm "2,4D + dicamba" pawg, nkag tau rau hauv cov av ob zaug - ua ntej sowing thiab tom qab nws.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tiav qhov kev kho mob kom txog rau thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub paj hlwb muaj ntau tshaj tsib nplooj, txwv tsis pub cov nroj tsuag pib qeeb txoj kev loj hlob, curl thiab nws thiaj li muab ib qho phem sau.
Harvesting sorghum rau silage, ntsuab fodder thiab quav nyab
Harvesting sorghum rau forage yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm milky-siv mus rau tag nrho ripeness ntawm grain. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj txo qis qis, siv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag rau monokorm. Sau thiab tws mass nteg nyob rau hauv npaj ntim, trampled thiab them.
Kev siv raws li forage grain sorghum yog muab tshem tawm tom qab maturation ntawm panicle. Cov dej noo noo ntawm lub grain yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 20%. Tam sim ntawd tom qab harvesting, lub hau raug txiav, lub grain yog ntxuav thiab qhuav. Kev ntub dej qhuav yog muab tso rau hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.
Nplooj thiab stems seem tom qab ua yog raw cov ntaub ntawv rau silage harvesting. Harvesting sorghum rau silage yog nqa tawm thaum lub nplej ncav khoom cij ripeness, yog hais tias koj ua nws nyuam qhuav pib, cov tsiaj tsis siv xws silage phem vim hais tias ntawm kev noj qab nyob tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws saj.
Sorghum mows ntsuab fodder thiab quav nyab ntawm txoj cai tom qab tsos ntawm panicles, thiab nyiam dua ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej. Qhov ua ntej tu, qhov tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov ntsuab loj ntawm fiber, tab sis ntau Protein thiab carotene. Yog hais tias kom nruj nrog tu, lub forage hloov tawm ntau ntxhib, dhau li ntawm qhov no cov nram qab no qoob loo hloov tawm tsawg dua.
