Sau thiab lub caij ntuj no-Hardy ntau yam ntawm Kua ntoo Veteran

Txhua lub vaj tsev yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab. Cov ntoo hlob tuaj qub, poob qoob loo, thiab txij li lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm lawv yuav tsum tau hloov nrog tshiab plantings.

Dab tsi ntawm Kua xaiv? Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab yuav tsum fruitful, lub caij ntuj no-Hardy, resistant rau cov kab mob xws li scab, thiab nqa delicious muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Tsis muaj kev ntseeg Kua ntau yam VeteranDiam duab thiab piav qhia ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm muaj tag nrho cov zoo.

Zoo li cas?

Veteran hais txog rau lub caij ntuj no ntau yam txiv apples nrog lig ripening, uas yog bred nyob rau hauv Tag Nrho Lavxias Scientific Research Lub koom haum rau Breeding Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Qoob loo ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy Agricultural Sciences.

Qhov no ntau yam tau raug tso cai rau cultivation hauv Central Black ntiaj teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia thiab hauv 6 cheeb tsam Belarus nyob rau hauv 1989.

Mus rau lub caij ntuj no ntau ntawm Kua ntoo kuj muaj: Lada, Cliff, Rennet Simirenko, Snowdrop thiab Aport.

Pollination

Kua Veteran yog ib lub hauv paus ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws yog pollinated los ntawm nws tus kheej pollen, yog li nws tsis yuav tsum tau Cross-pollination.

Qhov no zoo pab ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom tsis txhob nyob raws li cov huab cua puag thiab lub nkoj ntawm bumblebees thiab bees, uas tso cai rau nws muab ib tug ruaj qoob loo.

Ntau hom lus qhia Veteran

Xav txog cais cov tsos ntawm cov kua thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Kua ntoo veteran possesses nruab nrab qhov siabuas yog, ncav cuag tsis pub ntau tshaj 3 metres siab. Apple crown yog txawv zoo nkauj kheej zoo nkauj.

Rau bark ntawm ceg thiab ntoo pob tw yog cov yam ntxwv xim av. Cov tub ntxhais hluas nyias nplooj nyias yog xim av xim dub thiab me ntsis pubescent. Rau cov ceg ntoo tshiab, lentils muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov cwj pwm me me siv roj pauv. Lub buds yog tightly nias tawm tsam ceg.

Grayish foliage muaj ib qho ovoid cov duab nrog me ntsis qhwv npoo, me me petioles thiab luv luv stipules. Lub nplooj ntoos phaj yog wrinkled thiab faded, me ntsis serrated rau ntawm sawv. Cov paj me me ntawm cov tsob ntoo muaj kua ua pleev xim rau hauv lub teeb liab tones.

Ntau cov txiv Apes yog Veteran medium-qhov loj qhov me txiv hmab txiv ntoo weighing txog 160 g Nyob rau hauv cov duab, lawv yog me ntsis flattened, thiab los ze zog mus rau qhov ntxeev ntawm qhov kev sib txuas lus.

Lub tev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib tug qauv tuab cov qauv, muaj ib lub ntsiab lus me me thiab yog them nrog ib tug nyias muaj nyias lo. Tsis tshua muaj greyish dots peep los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Lub ntsiab xim ntau yam ntawm apples yog daj-golden. Nws npog nrog lub ntsej mua nce ntshav ntawm cov xim liab ntxoov ntxoo rau hauv daim ntawv me me nrog cov duab cem, cwj nrag thiab cov ntsws.

Ntse txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj suab thaj thiab qaub qaub zoo heev. Thaum lub sijhawm tasting kev, tus kabmob Veteran tus qhwv tau yog ntawm 4.3 mus rau 4.5 ntsiab lus ntawm 5-point scale.

Tsis tas li ntawd zoo ntau yam raws li Anis, Medunitsa, Molodezhny, Aromatic thiab Orlinka qhia zoo kawg saj thiab kev pab.

Harvesting txiv qaub Veteran tau twb nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli. Nyob rau hauv txias tej yam kev mob, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws tag nrho lawv cov qualities. kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab txawm tias me ntsis ntev.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv tshiab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim rau preservation thiab lwm hom kev ua (jam, jam, jam, thiab lwm yam).

Diam duab

Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los

Tau qib kawm tiav qib siab tau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Oryol ib pawg ntawm breeders N. G. Krasov, M. V. Mikheev thiab E. N. Sedova.

Lub kua ntoo yog bred los ntawm sowing noob tau los ntawm dawb pollination ntawm ntau yam ntawm American xaiv King nyob rau hauv 1961.

Tom qab 8 xyoo hauv xyoo 1969, thawj thawj ntoo tsob ntoo yug thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab thaum xyoo 1972 nws yog ranked ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntau yam.

Tom ntej no, ib cov kua tshiab tau hloov cov kev xeem hauv lub xeev. Txij li thaum 1989 pub nws cultivation nyob rau hauv Russia.

Nroog thaj tsam

Rau cultivation ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness, txij li thaum loj heev winters tsis tsawg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab latitudes.

Kua ntoo Veteran yog ntau yam medium Frost tsis kam. Dhau li ntawm Central Black ntiaj teb cheeb tsamnws hlob zoo thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo North-Western thaj tsam thiab nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Central Russia.

Nyob rau lwm thaj chaw, cog cov qoob loo ntau yam yog khov kho ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tsob ntoo txawm nyob hauv lub caij ntuj no, thiab hauv ib qho mob hnyav heev, kev tuag ntawm ib tsob ntoo tsis raug tshem tawm.

Qhov ntau yam yog resistant mus rau cov kab mob xws li //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Qhov kev zoo no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua liaj ua teb nyob rau thaj chaw high humidity, vim hais tias scab feem ntau nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam mob cuam tshuam rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo.

Ntau yam kuj resistant rau scab: Malt Bagaevsky, Narodny, Altai Bagryanaya, Berkutovsky thiab Venyaminovsky.

Tawm

Veteran ntau yam yog tus cwj pwm precocity thiab yield. Kua ntoo pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo twb nyob rau xyoo plaub lossis 5 xyoos.

Los ntawm ib tsob ntoo thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo koj tuaj yeem sau tau txog 60 kg ntawm muaj kua txiv apples, thiab tom qab 13 xyoos ib qho kua ntoo muaj peev xwm coj twb 80 kg. Sau lub sij hawm tuaj tom qab Cuaj Hli 15th.

Tseem high yields ntau hom: Knight, Welsey, Lobo, Imrus thiab Antey.

Kev cog thiab kev kho mob

Kua ntoo yog cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav kom txog rau thaum lub buds muaj blossomed, los yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ob los yog peb lub hlis ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost, thiaj li hais tias tsob ntoo hluas muaj lub sij hawm mus rau paus. Feem ntau cov gardeners nyiam Autumn cog. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sapling tau txais accustomed sai thiab zoo dua.

Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov khoom cog nrog lub hauv paus hauv paus thiaj li yuav tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nws los ntawm tag nrho cov sab.

Xaiv yuav tsum raug muab rau ib tug sapling zus nyob rau hauv cov huab cua puag zoo li koj li.

Young Apple Tsob Ntoo, coj los ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb, yuav hloov qhov mob thiab hloov kev nyab xeeb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo los hloov lub tsob ntoo rau cov mob loj dua, thiab cov fruiting ntawm tsob ntoo kua txiv yuav tuaj ntau dhau los.

Nws tseem ceeb heev!Xaiv ib lub sapling, nrog rau yuav khoom yuav tsum them sai sai rau nws cov keeb kwm. Qhov zoo dua hauv paus system tsim, qhov sai dua lub Kua ntoo yuav noj paus.

Qhov chaw rau lub tsob ntoo kua yog xaiv qhib thiab tshav ntuj, nyob rau hauv uas dej yuav tsis accumulate tom qab hnyav rains. Tsis tshua muaj neeg undesirable ntoo qhov chaw nrog rau hauv av.

Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav adversely cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nws tawm los. Cov av yog nyiam dua fertile Sandy los yog loamy.

Caw Kua seedlings Veteran yog nqa tawm raws li nram no:

Peb npaj ib qhov cog rau ib qho sapling nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thaum cog nyob rau hauv Autumn, nws yog ib lub tswv yim mus ua noj nws ib lub hlis ua ntej.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov siab yog li 80 cm hauv qhov dav, qhov siab thiab qhov tob. Phab ntsa ua kom tus cwj pwm. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov chaw seedlings, peb tuav txog 4 meters ntawm kev ncua deb ntawm lawv.

Sau lub qhov taub nrog cov hmoov av sib tov. Peb ua nws los ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej ntawm av, compost, qub rotted manure, humus thiab 0.5 liv ntawm tshauv.

Yog hais tias cov av yog av nplaum, ntxiv coarse xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 1. 150 los yog 200 g ntawm chiv (potash thiab superphosphate) yog ntxiv rau qhov sib tov..

Koj tsis tau ua nitrogen chiv thiab txiv qaub, uas muaj peev xwm hlawv lub keeb kwm ntawm seedlings.

Sau lub qhov tsoo nrog cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm 20 cm. Txhua txheej yog zoo compacted. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua kom tiav ib lub qhov nrog lub "toj".

Ib lub hlis tom qab, tom qab lub ntiaj teb settles, peb cog ib sapling. Ua ib lub qhov rau hauv av los ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Peb tsav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ntoo ceg txheem ntseeg rau tying lub pob tw.

Qeb ib sab ntawm lub cola yuav tsum muaj pre-burnt kom tsis txhob rotting. Nws yuav tsum 70 cm mus hais lus saum toj no hauv av.

Nyob rau hauv lub qab ntawm lub qhov peb ua ib lub pov toj, nruab ib lub kua ntoo rau nws thiab ncaj lub keeb kwm.

Peb sau lub qhov nrog ib tug seedling nrog lub ntiaj teb, me ntsis tuav nws, thiaj li hais tias cov av nyob rau tag nrho cov voids tsim nruab nrab ntawm lub keeb kwm.

Peb muab lub ntiaj teb puag ncig ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis tsis txhob zealous kom tsis txhob tawg lub keeb kwm.

Peb khi saum cov tsob ntoo ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas muaj ib lub voj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim duab yim.

Peb txeej lub qhov nrog ob los yog peb lub thoob dej thiab mulch qhov saum npoo nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw ntawm xoob av los yog humus. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, dej yuav tsum tau rov qab.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog ib lub yub, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias nws lub hauv paus caj dab nce saum toj no hauv av los ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 5 cm Qhov cheeb tsam ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub pob tw mus rau hauv keeb kwm yuav txiav txim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm ib tug greenish ntxoov ntxoo rau xim av.

Hauv kev txiav txim siab rau Veteran Kua ntoo kom mob sai sai, ua kom noj qab haus huv thiab coj zoo tom ntej, koj yuav tsum muab ntau txoj hauj lwm, kev saib xyuas thiab kev kho mob.

Kev tu ib tsob ntoo yog raws li nram no:

Watering Kev ywg dej tuaj yeem nce qis dua 25%, los yog 40%. Nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua, saplings thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau watered nrog 2 thoob dej txhua txhua 10 hnub.

Mature ntoo raug pom zoo kom muab ywg dej 4 zaug rau lub caij no. Thawj - ua ntej pib ntawm nplooj ntoos blooming. Thib ob - ob peb lub lis piam tom qab xaus ntawm flowering. Thib peb - ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej sau, thiab plaub - nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj.

Irrigation cov nqi rau ib tsob ntoo: thaum muaj hnub nyoog txog li ib xyoos - txog 3 lub thoob dej, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3-5 xyoos - txij li 5 mus rau 8 thoob, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6-10 xyoo - los ntawm 12 mus rau 15 thoob. Koj tuaj yeem tau dej rau ntawm qhov chaw ntub dej thiab txoj hlab tawm, nrog rau txoj kev ntawm cov dej ntws.

Loos lub av. Cov txheej txheem no muab cov cua nkag mus rau cov hauv paus ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, khaws cov dej noo thiab pab kom tshem tau cov nroj. Nws yog tsim nyog rau loosen lub pob tw lub voj voog tom qab txhua tus dej, thiab tom qab ntawd mulch nws.

Qoob loo. Qhov no yog lwm feem ntawm txoj kev vam meej, uas yog, ib qho kev poob zoo. Kom caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning tej zaum yuav txawm ua rau fruiting thaum ntxov.

Thawj pruning yog nqa tawm sai li sai tau tom qab cog lub seedling nyob rau hauv hauv av. Cov tub ntxhais hluas hluas sab laug nyob rau sab qis ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab sab saum toj ntawm lub hauv paus loj yog txiav.

Nyob rau hauv biennial thiab laus dua tsob ntoo, ob feem peb ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tus ceg yog sab laug thaum pruning. Nws yog ntshaw tawm ntau buds nyob rau sab nraum ntawm cov ceg. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau qhov tsim ntawm qhov tseeb crown.

Nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev coj tus kheej ntoo, ib feem ntawm cov ceg yog muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas crown los ntawm 75% tsawg hauv ntim. Nws thinning tso cai rau koj los mus tshem tawm txoj kev mus rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau tshav ntuj.

Raws li txoj kev, tag nrho cov qhuav Kua ceg raug pruned. Kev txiav yog ua los ntawm kev sib tw ua si. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo, qhov no kev kho mob yog nqa tawm tsuas yog ib hnub. Cov ceg qis ntawm lub plaw yog tsis pruned.

Cov chiv. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm cog chiv tau thov rau cov av, nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub xyoos nws yog sufficiently thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los pub lub Kua ntoo nrog organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rotted manure los yog compost.

Yog hais tias ib tsob ntoo muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav qaug zog tuaj yeem pom, koj tuaj yeem rov pub mis rau thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov. Fruiting apples txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg yog pub nrog phosphate, potash thiab nitrogen chiv.

Kev noj tshuaj feem ntau yog qhia rau ntawm pob. Yog hais tias cov av yog cov neeg pluag, tom qab flowering, nws yog ntshaw kom pub lub kua ntoo nrog organic fertilizer.

Rau qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv, piv txwv li, slurry los yog ib qho kev daws ntawm noog droppings diluted nrog dej nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1:10. Fertilizer yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog dej thiab thov los ntawm lub grooves dug nyob ib ncig ntawm lub circumference ntawm lub pob tw lub voj voog.

Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no. Ua ntej thawj zaug frosts, tsob ntoo lub voj voog ntawm lub voj voos spud thiab mulch nrog peat, sawdust, humus los yog compost.

Tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv cov nas me thiab pob txaij qhwv hauv spr spruce ceg. Rau lub hom phiaj no koj tuaj yeem siv tau reed los yog parchment nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev ntawm ib tsob ntoo me yog dawb los ntawm daim av chalk. Txiv qaub whitewash yog siv rau cov ntoo loj hlob tuaj.

Kab mob thiab kab tsuag

Kua Veteran yog resistant rau scab, tab sis nws yog rov los ntawm ntau cov pests.

Cov no suav nrog kub npauj npaim, txiv moth txiv ntoo, aphid, sucker, kua paj tsiaj, kab kab npauj npaim, hawthorn miner moth thiab silkworm - thiab qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe.

Pests ua rau kev puas tsuaj loj heev tsis yog rau tsob ntoo xwb, tab sis kuj rau qoob loo, txo cov qoob loo los ntawm cov tsob ntoo kua ntoo, nws tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob, cov khoom qab zib thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam kab noj voracious pib nrog tiv thaiv kev ntsuas:

• inter-row cultivation, whitewashing ntawm boles;
• caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning ntawm ceg, kev kho mob ntawm wounds, sau carrion, tu qub bark;
• caij nplooj ntoos hlav txuag ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov ntoo uas muaj tshwj xeeb txhais tau tias (Bordeaux kua, 3% nitrafen, thiab lwm yam) nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov kab tsuag hibernating, lawv cov qe thiab cov kab mob.

Thaum ntxeem tau ntawm pests kev kho mob ntawm cov ntoo ntoo nrog npaj txhij tsim nyog yuav tsum tau. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia kom tsis txhob ua kom poob rau yav tom ntej.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev ua ntawm apples nrog ntau npaj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis pub dhau ib lub hlis ua ntej harvesting.

Qhov feem ntau ntau fungal kab mob ntawm lub Kua:

Mealy dew - Mealy whitish cov quav hniav nyob rau txhua qhov ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Kev Kho Mob: nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - kev kho mob nrog Topaz los yog Skor, tom qab flowering nrog tooj liab npaj, tom qab harvesting nrog Bordeaux sib tov.

Cytosporosis - Cov tsos ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm xim av liab-liab liab nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, tom qab uas cov tawv ntoo tuag nrog ceg thiab tsob ntoo yuav tuag tau.

Kev Kho Mob: kho nrog Hom nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Bud o thiab tom qab flowering. Ua ntej flowering, nws yog ntshaw kom kho cov nroj tsuag nrog tooj liab sulphate.

Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot - kev kawm txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov xim av.

Kev Kho Mob: sau thiab rhuav tshem ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo diseased, kev kho nrog "Hom" npaj thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nplooj ntoos blooming thiab tom qab flowering

Yog hais tias tej yam kev mob ntawm koj cheeb tsam muaj peev xwm, cog rau hauv koj lub vaj teb ib qho kua ntoo hu ua Veteran. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas, cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ua rau koj zoo nkauj rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.