Suav plums lawv txawv heev ntawm cov tsev neeg tsis muaj tsev nyob hauv qhov tsos thiab saj, txawm li ntawd los, lawv tseem tsis tau txais ntau txoj kev faib rau peb cov latitudes.
Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia tsis yog li ntev dhau los, tab sis nrog lawv siv ntau ntau yam tshiab zoo kawg nkaus thiab hybrids ntawm plums tau twb tau.
Suav plum ntau yam Alenushka tshwj xeeb tshaj yog bred rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo heev hnyav kev nyab xeeb ntawm nruab nrab cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Qhov ntau yam tshwm sim heev tsis ntev los no thiab ob peb gardeners paub txog nws.
Nqe lus piav ntawm plum Alyonushka
Plum "Alenushka" piav qhia:
- Tsob Ntoo Alyonushka yog tsawg, txog 2-2.5 m, nrog ib tug pyramidal, tsis heev tuab crown. Tus tua muaj zog, ncaj, reddish nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog internodes me me, tsis muaj ntxhuav. Buds conical, medium-qhov loj qhov me, tsis nias rau kev khiav.
Cov nplooj yog ntev, ntse, lub teeb ntsuab ntxoov ntxoo, npub. Raws li cov ntug ntawm daim ntawv yog cov hniav me me, lub hau thiab lub hauv paus yog taw. Lub scape ntev, tsis heev tuab.
Paj lush, loj, dawb, zoo nkauj heev. Loj hlob 3 pieces nyob rau hauv lub inflorescence, thiaj li suav plum yog feem ntau hu ua peb-flowered. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering tua yog kom them nrog paj.- Berries Qhov no ntau yog zoo nkauj heev, loj, weighing txog 40-50 grams, spherical. Daim tawv nqaij yog nyias, tab sis muaj zog, liab los yog xim liab xim nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog ib tug pomable waxy lo.
Cov nqaij yog ci ci txiv kab ntxwv, ncaj ntom, heev muaj kua, nrog ib tug tuab qab ntxiag aroma, Sweet thiab qaub, saj yog ntseeg reminiscent ntawm ib tug txiv duaj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom zoo rau ntawm luv luv, tuab quav, thiab tsis keej thaum dhau mus. Cov pob txha yog nruab nrab-loj, tsis cais los ntawm lub pulp.
Paj lush, loj, dawb, zoo nkauj heev. Loj hlob 3 pieces nyob rau hauv lub inflorescence, thiaj li suav plum yog feem ntau hu ua peb-flowered. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering tua yog kom them nrog paj.Diam duab
Pom tau ntsib cov plum "Alenushka" nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Alenushka twb tau los ntawm hla ib tug thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm Suav plum liab pob nrog loj-fruited lig Suav cov poj niam. Cov breeders ntawm lub koom haum Oryol xaiv G. B. Zhdanov thiab A.F. Kolesnikov. Qhov ntau yam raug zoned nyob rau hauv 2001 nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntawm Central Dub ntiaj teb thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Plum Alenushka yog lub caij nyoog ntxov ntawm lub rooj sib tham. Berries yog mas consumed tshiab, tab sis lawv kuj zoo nyob rau hauv compotes los yog jams. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem thauj mus los, tab sis tsis muab cia rau ntev txaus.
Fruiting qhov no ntau yam pib thaum ntxov, thaum 3 xyoos tom qab kev poob siab. Alyonushka blooms ua ntej thawj nplooj tshwm, nyob rau hauv heev heev ntawm May. Flowering yog heev ntau thiab zoo nkauj, li cas los xij, luv luv. Productivity tsis siab dhau lawm, tab sis yog ib xyoos ib zaug. Harvesting yuav pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj.
Qhov no plum ntau yam yog nws tus kheej-infertile, yog li ntawd pollinating ntau yam yuav tsum nyob ze rau txhua lwm yam. Rau Alyonushka, Skoroplodnaya ntau yam yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinator, tab sis txhua yam ntawm Cherry plum los yog Suav plum nrog tib thaum ntxov ripening yog zoo haum rau lub hom phiaj no.
Nrhiav seb dab tsi ntxiv muaj ntau yam ntawm Suav plum: Orel npau suav, Skoroplodnaya, Xenia, Yellow Hopty.
Plum Alenushka, thaum loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab, tsis tshua muaj siab tiv taus. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv heev frosts heev, cia rau-37 thiab txawm-40C, thiab yuav tsis zam sov thiab snowy winters. Nyob rau hauv xws winters, nws feem ntau muaj bark nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub pob tw, uas tsis tsuas yog yuav txo tau tawm los, tab sis kuj ua puas tsob ntoo.
Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom loj hlob ntawm cov resistant formative formers, los yog xaiv kom cog ib qho chaw ntawm ib tug toj.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj tsaws Alyonushka yog lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab qhov chaw qhib, siab thiab tshav ntuj, nrog cov theem hauv av tsawg, zoo tshaj plaws ntawm toj. Cov av yuav tsum yog fertile, tsis acidic thiab tsis salty, lub teeb. Npaj nws txog ib lub hlis ua ntej cog.
Lub cheeb tsam uas tau xaiv yog ib qho zoo tuaj khawb tawm, tshem tag nrho cov nroj thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, txiv qaub.
Ces npaj qhov aub tsiv, raws li kev Alenushka, thiab rau 3-4 pollinating ntau yam, nruj me ntsis tom qab cog tus qauv: 5 * 3 m.
Rau Suav plum pits ua me me: ib qhov tob ntawm 40-50 cm thiab tib dav. Tom qab ntawd muaj ntxiv 2 thoob ntawm zoo-rotted manure, ib nrab ib thoob ntawm dolomite hmoov, ib co tshauv thiab 200 g txhua ntawm superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj sulphate, sib tov txhua yam meej thiab muab tso rau ib tug me me hillock los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm av nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm aub tsiv. Ib sapling yog ua tib zoo muab tso rau nws thiab lub keeb kwm yog instilled nyob rau hauv huv si, fertile av.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub hauv paus caj dab yog faus rau hauv cov av los ntawm 2-3 cm Tom qab cog, tsob ntoo yog plentiful (40-50 l) thiab watered thiab mulch lub qhov. Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ciaj nqi ntawm seedlings, nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis tom qab cog nws yog watered ntau, tsis yog lub hom phiaj rau cov av kom qhuav. Tom qab ntawd txo cov dej. Yuav kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tawv ntoo, rau lub caij ntuj no, lub trunks ntawm seedlings raug khi nrog fir ceg.
Cov nram qab no xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Alenushka pib pub nrog nitrogen chiv (urea los yog ammonium nitrate). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nqa tawm kev sib sau pruning. Lub ntsiab pob tw yog me ntsis shortened, thiab sab ceg raug txiav ib co cm cm hauv qab nws sab saum toj.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov kuj mus noj pub mis, yam tsawg 2 zaug. Siv rau qhov kev daws ntawm phosphorus-poov tshuaj chiv nrog ntxiv ntawm ib tug me me ntawm ntoo tshauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov mus tas li maj, loosen thiab dej cov av. Thaum qhuav thiab kub huab cua, dej yog plentiful thiab nquag.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov ntoo no yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag, thiab lawv kuj ua tib zoo kuaj xyuas cov yas thiab txiav tawm tag nrho cov kab mob thiab cov khov khov.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Tsi Alyonushka Nws yog sufficiently resistant mus rau xws li cov kab mob raws li kleasterospiosis thiab moniliosis. Yuav luag tsis tshua mob los ntawm lwm cov kab mob fungal. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua xyoo muaj teeb meem loj heev plum aphid.
Qhov no me me tab sis txaus ntshai Kab Tsuag txau rau ntawm nplooj thiab tua ntawm plum. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav nws nyob sab hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov cuam tshuam tawm sai sai tig daj ntseg, curl thiab qhuav, thiab tsob ntoo ua zog heev thiab nres pheej loj.
Aphid hibernates nyob rau hauv bark ntawm lub ntsiab ceg, nyob ze lub buds thiab yog qhib kom ua rau thaum pib ntawm flowering nyob rau hauv Tej zaum. Nws yog vim li ntawd nws tseem ceeb heev rau nqa tawm kev ntawm ntoo ua ntej, ua ntej lub buds swell.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tshem tag nrho cov laus bark, qhuav nplooj thiab ceg, nqa tawm weeding thiab loosening cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw. Tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo tshuaj tsuag ntoo nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab (piv txwv, Iskra).
Koj muaj peev xwm siv pej xeem tshuaj: ib qho tov ntawm xab npum, infusion ntawm qos nplooj los yog haus luam yeeb nrog ntxiv ntawm txiv qaub. Zoo kev pab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam aphids dos los sis qej decoction, Txoj hlab ntaws ntawm kws chamomile los yog wormwood.
Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, tom qab nplooj muaj tag nrho poob, koj muaj peev xwm tshuaj tsuag lub plum nrog ib tug concentrated urea daws thiab nco ntsoov mus rau qos lub stems.
Kev kho mob rau suav plum tsis yog ib qho loj heev. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mus nqa tawm tag nrho cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ces koj yuav tau ua kom ib tug zoo sau ntawm kws six thiab noj qab haus huv berries.
Tsi Alyonushka muaj ib qho loj npaum li cas zoo siab:
high txhav kuj;- zoo tawm los;
- qhov loj me me thiab kev tsim kho ntawm tsob ntoo;
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj;
- zoo saj thiab tsos ntawm berries;
- kuj ua rau kleasterospioz thiab moniliosis.
high txhav kuj;Disadvantages:
- tus kheej ntxiv;
- ntseeg tau cuam tshuam los ntawm aphids.
Suav plum ntau yam Alenushka zoo meej rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lawv lub caij ntuj sov tsev. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam rau nruab nrab latitudes.
Nws yog tau ntse nyob rau hauv vaj npab, thiab nrog tu zoo, tuaj yeem ua ib qho zoo nkauj ntawm txhua lub vaj.
