Ntxiv nrog rau lub sij hawm-xeem ntau yam, nyob rau hauv ntev los no xyoo, tshiab cia siab hybrids ntawm grapes yog ua ntau ntau. Xws li Valery Voevoda, King of Deer lossis Super Extra.
Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov ntau "haum", uas muaj zoo indicators of yield, qhov loj thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm berries.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, "Nyiag" nyiam pleev cov pob zeb nrog cov khoom noj zoo nkauj thiab zoo heev, thaum tib lub sijhawm tsis tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev zov me nyuam.
Zoo li cas?
Variety "Favourite" - rooj txiv hmab nrog lub nruab nrab ripening lub sij hawm. Tib cov ntsiab lus yog tuav los ntawm Princess Olga, Monarch thiab Lily ntawm Valley.
Daim ntawv no yog tsim tau ntev dhau los, tiam sis twb tau pom cov xim ntawm ntau cov winegrowers lawm. Nyob rau hauv ntiag tug thaj av, Favor yog zus rau cov khoom noj tshiab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Cov berries ntawm no ntau yam yog heev six, zoo siab thiab zoo khaws cai thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los.
Kev piav qhia ntawm grape ntau yam Favourite
Tsob Nroj "Nyiam" muaj zog ntawm kev loj hlob. Vine sai sai hlob mus rau 3 meters nyob ntev. Tsaus ntsuab nplooj muaj ib daim duab peb-lob thiab tau tso tseg.
Vim lub nplua nuj reddish-liab doog xim ntawm berries, loj bunches ntawm Hlub grapes yog txawv los ntawm ib tug appetizing thiab elegant saib.
Nyob rau hauv cov duab, lawv conical nrog ib tug nruab nrab ntom ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Loj ntawm bunches nws txawv ntawm 600 g rau 1 kg, thiab nyob rau hauv dej siab mob nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 1.5 kg.
Variety yog kiag li tsis raug polkauas yog ib qho ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm zoo. Tib daim paib yuav khav tau Muscat ntawm Hamburg, Aleshenkin Dar thiab Marcelo.
Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm zoo nkauj thiab loj berries "Nyiam" - los ntawm 12 mus rau 15 g lossis ntau tshaj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov oval lossis oblong-oval. Pulp grapes muaj kua thiab me ntsis crispy. Nws muaj qhov nruab nrab ceev thiab qhov tawv tuab uas yog chewed yooj yim. Lub saj ntawm "Favor" grape yog harmonious, moderately Sweet thiab heev qab ntxiag.
Pab! Lub paj ntawm "Favor" txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog bisexual, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tas yuav lwm yam pollinating ntau yam. Angelika thiab Amirkhan kuj muaj paj bisexual.
Diam duab
Visually nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Nyiam" nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Lub qhov koob hmoov ntsuab yog ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm V. N. Krainov, ib tug naas ej pib ua yug me nyuam los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Novocherkassk. Lub npe winegrower tau coj daim ntawv no, hla lub Lavxias ntau yam Talisman (Kesha) thiab Moldovan Kishmish radiant.
Ntawm cov ntau yam bred los ntawm Kraynovs paub tag nrho xws li Anthony lub Great, Victor los yog Blagovest.
Cov ntau yam tshiab yog tam sim no tau mus kuaj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Belarus. Tab sis txawm li no, twb tau txais ib qho chaw muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg cog khoom. "Nyiam" tau txais kev lom zem ob leeg ntawm tus kheej thaj av, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb nrog koom nyob rau hauv loj hlob grapes rau muag. Qhov ntau yam yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub vineyards ntawm Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine.
Yam ntxwv
Cov ntau yam ua tau ruaj, nplua nuj yields txhua txhua xyoo. Txog li 6 kg ntawm loj berries yuav tua tau los ntawm tsuas yog ib tug neeg laus Bush "haum". Tsawg tshaj plaws ripening lub sij hawm sau - 125 hnub los ntawm pib ntawm o ntawm ob lub raum, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws - 135 hnub. Kwv yees li cov cim tib yam yog khoom plig los ntawm Khoom Plig of Magarach thiab nco txog Dombkowska.
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Rostov, tag nrho kom loj hlob ntawm Lub neej tuaj nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli.
Maturation ntawm tua qhov ntau yam yog zoo, nrog ib tug fruiting ratio ntawm 1.3. Muaj zog-loj hlob bushes "nyiam" yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm pruning. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog los ntawm 30 mus rau 35 lub qhov muag ntawm Bush.
Thaum cov huab cua ntub nrog ntau heev nag lossis daus, cov txiv hmab ua rau pom qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tib qho kev tsis tuaj yeem raug pom hauv Demeter thiab Arcadia.
Berries yuav tawg thiab nyob rau hauv kub, qhuav huab cua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev paub gardeners yog qhia kom tas li tuav cov av nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntub, tab sis tsis muaj puv.
Yog hais tias tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej nyob hauv cov av ntawm lub vaj txiv hmab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsis tawg.
"Nyiam" muaj peev xwm tiv taus kub-rau ° -23 ° C. Txawm li cas los, qhov ntau yam yog tseem tsis zoo to taub, yog li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom loj hlob nws raws li ib tug npog kab lis kev cai.
Yuav kom insulate lub grapes rau lub caij ntuj no, ntau winegrowers siv ib tug qhuav vaj tse. Ua li no, lub vine yog raug muab tshem tawm ntawm lub trellis, muab tso rau ntawm cov ntoo ua ntej nteg tawm hauv av thiab them nrog ib zaj duab xis, vov tsev los yog vov khoom, kom tiv thaiv drafts los ntawm sprinkling lub sawv nrog av.
On to top ntawm zaj duab xis bushes ntxiv nrog them insulating cov khoom. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua.
Pab! Grapes "Nyuj" ua pov thawj los ua ib qho lag luam zoo heev nrog ntau yam kev thauj mus los. Thaum thauj nws cov berries tsis crumble, tsis txhob crumple thiab khaws lawv cov kev nthuav qhia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Ntau qhov "Nyiam" muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob mus rau mildew thiab nruab nrab rau oidium thiab grey rot. Yog li ntawd nws xav tau kev pab tiv thaiv. Nroj tsuag yog sprayed peb zaug Bordeaux kua: tom qab qhov tsos ntawm thawj peb nplooj, ua ntej pib ntawm flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub berries tau hu qhov loj ntawm "pea".
Ib txhia gardeners nyiam cov tshuaj muaj zog: Polykom, Ridomil thiab Kvadris. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis tsuas yog bushes yog sprayed, tab sis kuj ncej, xaim thiab av nyob rau hauv lub vineyard.
Tom qab kev kho mob, hauv av yog mulched nrog straw.
Cov txhawb nqa ntawm cov organic viticulture sim ua xwb Bordeaux kua, uas muaj peev xwm yuav alternated nrog ib tug daws ntawm ferrous sulfate.
Ib qho ntxiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm grapes los ntawm oidium yog kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug daws ntawm manganese-acid poov tshuaj, nrog rau foliar khoom noj khoom haus nrog kab kawm.
Ua li no, ntau cov qhwv ntawm cov kab mob potassium permanganate muab ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tov.
Lwm txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv oidium yog txau cov nroj tsuag nrog colloidal sulfur los yog Tiovit.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias kev kho mob ntawm grapes tawm tsam oidium thiab mildew suppress xws li kab mob raws li anthracnose thiab fomopsis.
Thaum tshav kub kub thiab vaum ntuj huab cua, Nyiam tej zaum yuav raug rau grey rot, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub hauv siab qhov muag. Nyob rau hauv haum tej yam kev mob, qhov no tus kab mob fungal yuav cuam tshuam tag nrho aboveground ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws ua rau qhov loj tshaj raug mob rau ripening thiab ripe berries.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kis tau nrog ib lub greyish grill, ces ua xim av xim thiab lwj. Yog hais tias tus kab mob ntawm bushes yog tsis tseem ceeb, kev nplooj thiab berries nrog ib tug daws ntawm ci soda (70-80 g ib 10 l dej) los yog poov tshuaj iodide (2 g ib 10 l dej) yuav pab tiv thaiv nrog grey puab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm mass qhov chaw mob, kev kho mob nrog Topaz, Fundazol los yog Immunocytophyt yog ua.
Cov nram qab no tshuaj pab tawm tsam pests ntawm grapes:
- Los ntawm grape, biennial thiab grape leafworm - "Muaj", "Kinmiks", "Lepidotsid", "Bitoksibatsillin", "Carbotsin", "Senpai", "Summi-alpha".
- Los ntawm kab laug sab mite thiab txiv ntoo txiv ntoo - "Tiovit Jet", "Fufanol", "Neoron", "Apollo", "Kemifos", "Antiklesch", "Sulfur colloid".
Qhov tsawg thiab pes tsawg ntawm kev txau yog nyob ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub vaj txiv hmab.
Tag nrho cov kev kho mob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. tsis pub dhau ib lub hlis ua ntej sau.
Yog hais tias tsim nyog kiag li, koj siv tau biologics, leej faj los yog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam kab mob thiab pests ntawm grapes, agrotechnical tiv thaiv ntsuas ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm:
- ua liaj ua teb ntev thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom cog hauv qhov tuag lawm;
- yog cov pob txha txhuam thiab tawg ntawm lub qhov nroj tsuag kom lawv tau txais cov teeb pom kev zoo txaus thiab muaj qhov cua zoo;
- watering nyob rau hauv lub paus yam tsis muaj ntau ntawm kev ntxhib ntawm nplooj;
- raws sij hawm tu ntawm nplooj poob, nyob rau hauv uas fungal spores overwinter;
- nrauv mulching ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub bushes ntawm grapes;
- zoo pub - nroj overfed nrog nitrogen yog feem ntau ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob nrog fungal kab mob.
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsim ntawm qhov Nyiam ntau yam yog qhov cuab yeej cuab tam uas nws tsis tshua yoog los ntawm nkawj. Tib lub meej mom yog Zoo Tshaj Plaws Delight, Marcelo thiab Fun.
Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ripening ntawm qoob loo, cov noog uas muaj peev xwm ua rau zoo kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm vineyard tau sown on Sweet berries.
Ratchets, scarecrows, tsom iav khoom, nrov loudspeakers broadcasting lub quaj ntawm noog ntawm prey pab scare away uninvited feathered qhua.
Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom ncab ib daim phiaj hlau tshaj lub vaj txiv hmab. Thaum tsis muaj li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom tshwj xeeb nets nyob rau hauv lub bunches, uas muaj zoo heev pov thawj lawv tus kheej los tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv noog, tab sis kuj tawm tsam wasps.
Raws li koj tau pom, Favor yog tsim nyog ua qhov kev nyiam muaj ntau hom winegrowers. Muaj cog rau ntawm qhov chaw "Nyiam", koj yuav tsis khauv xim txog qhov xaiv, enjoy nws cov cua, ci thiab ceeb loj loj berries.
