Moscow ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo tom qab ntawd maj mam kis hauv temperate latitudes.
Qhov no muaj ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub caij ntuj no-tsis muaj zog, yooj yim los ntxuav thiab muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas txawv hauv lub sij hawm tsis txuam nrog.
Qhov ntau yam yog tus resistant mus rau lub ntsiab kab mob ntawm Kua ntoo - scab.
Zoo li cas?
Kua Mos Caum ntau tom qab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub caij ntuj no (lig) ripening ntau yam.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog npaj txhij rau sau nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj Hli Ntuj-thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj thiab muaj kev tu ncua zoo heev.
Nrog kev kho kom zoo, lawv yuav nyob zoo kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg tom ntej pib.
Khaws lawv qhia nyob rau hauv cellars thiab basements.ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2 mus rau 6 degree Celsius. Tsis txhob cia tamsim ntawm tshav kub kom txias.
Rau lub caij ntuj no ntau yam kuj muaj xws li Nastya, Nymph, Orlovsky synapse, Kandil Orlovsky thiab Orlik.
Pollination
Pollinated ntau yam, pollinators muaj peev xwm ua: Sinap Orlovsky, Vityaz, Moscow Lub caij ntuj no, Bogatyr, Zhigulevskoe, lwm yam zoo li
Kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam "Moscow lig"
Lub kua ntoo ntawm Moscow ntau yam yog tom qab txawv los ntawm nws loj hlob loj thiab loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Moscow tom qab yog ib tsob ntoo loj heev. Thaum cog ib tug seedling thiab nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb xyoos ntawm lub neej, nws muaj ib tug dav pyramidal crown zoo thaum nws ncav cuag kom loj hlob, lub crown hloov nws cov duab mus rau ib tug dav oval.
Lub bark muaj ib qho txawv ntsuabish-grey zas, lub ntsiab ceg loj hlob vertically, nrog ib tug me nqes hav. Cov foliage yog loj loj, cov duab ntawm nplooj yog elliptical, qhov ntxeev yog xav taw.
Qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau tshaj qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv nruab nrab (feem ntau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Mos Liab qhov hnyav 165 g, qee qhov kuaj hnyav 210-235 g), cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog conical, sib npaug, lub npoo yog du, ribbing tsis tuaj.
Nyob rau hauv adulthood (ntawm sau), cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj xim daj-ntsuab nrog unobtrusive liab blush nyob rau sab feem ntau illuminated los ntawm lub hnub.
Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm maturation, cov xim hloov mus rau kub, ntsuab tint mus deb. Cov nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov nplua-grained qauv, es ntom thiab tsis muaj kua, xim yog xim dawb, tsis muaj kev quab yuam ntawm lwm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo.
Cov nram qab no muaj peev xwm kuj boast nrog loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo: Idared, Marat Busurin, Moscow Hrushovka, Orlov thiab Orlovsky pioneer.
Diam duab
Saib hauv qab no rau cov duab ntawm Moscow Moscovaya kua ntau yam:
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Bred los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm breeder S. I. Isaev. Xa mus rau ntau hom tsim los ntawm MSU. M. V. Lomonosov. Thawj ntse hlob xyoo 1961.
Rau yug me nyuam ntawm lub kua ntoo ntawm Moskovskoye ntau yam, ob lub lwm yam Kua ntoo ntau yam tau siv tom qab: lub Northern Synapse thiab Cinnamon Tshiab. Teb zoned tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2001.
Loj hlob thaj av
Ntau yam mob siab khwv tau thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam nruab nrab thiab tseem muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ze.
Mus rau hnub tim, kua ntau yam Moskovskoe tom qab yuav pom nyob rau hauv Central Russia, Ukraine thiab Belarus.
Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam, lub ntau yam kuj tau ntse zus: Uslada, Autumnal undersized, Lub caij ntuj no Beauty, Nadezhda thiab Antonovka ordinary.
Tawm
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hais tias thawj zaug nws tau pom tias Moscow tom qab los ntawm cov khoom noj nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tom qab cog - nws yog thaum lub sij hawm no tias thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm pioneer ntoo raug muab. Tab sis nws muab tawm tias seedlings dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai, rau lub 6-7 xyoo.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Cuaj Hli, qhov nruab nrab tawm los rau ib tsob ntoo yog 160 kg.
Hauv cov tsev zov me nyuam los ntawm ib hectare ntawm thaj av cog nrog Mos Late, mus txog rau 110 centners ntawm qoob loo yog harvested.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Ib qho kua ntoo ntawm Moscow ntau yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau kev pab tshwj xeeb tom qab; nws ua raws li cov txheej txheem qauv rau kev saib xyuas thiab cog ntoo siab. Xav txog ntau.
Thaum koj xaiv ib lub sapling, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov mob ntawm lub cev ntoo. Yog hais tias lub pob tw loj heev nkhaus, lub hauv paus system yog obviously puas los yog lub hauv paus caj dab yog tsis pom, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ib tsob ntoo.
Muaj ib lub caij nyoog zoo uas lub sapling yuav tsis tsum noj txhua los yog yuav loj hlob deformed, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo.
Tom qab yuav ib lub noob qoob loo, nws yuav tsum ua kom tsis muaj zog hauv kev loj hlob (hlais) mus rau 80 cm Yog tias cov keeb kwm luv luv tshaj 40 cm, txiav txawm qis tshaj 80 cm, txij li cov keeb kwm me me yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txaus noj khoom haus.
Ua ntej cog, ncaj lub hauv paus system ntawm seedling, tshem tawm cov puas keeb kwm, disinfect lub txiav qeeb cheeb tsam nrog ib tug decoction ntawm lub vaj teb.
Yog hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm seedling yog heev qhuav, sim muab lub keeb kwm rau hauv dej thaum hmo ntuj, ces cov nroj tsuag yuav paus paus zoo dua thiab sai dua.
Nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias tsaws qhov chaw ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo muaj kua. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau khawb lub qhov tsaws, thaum sib cais ntawm sab saud thiab qis ntawm cov av. Nws yog pom zoo kom nteg ib tug sib tov ntawm Upper av txheej thiab fertilizer additives (humus, compost) nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov cog qhov.
Nws yog txwv tsis pub muab cov paj tshiab tso rau hauv lub vaj qhov. Lub fertilizer tov yog sau nrog to top txheej ntawm av uas tsis muaj impurities rau 5-6 cm, thiaj li hais tias seedling keeb kwm tsis ncaj qha nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog chiv. Qhov kev sib cuag no tuaj yeem ua rau cov hauv paus hniav kub.
Ib tug sib tov ntawm fertilizer thiab av yuav tsum tau tsim ib hom ntawm mound on uas seedling yog muab tso rau.
Ib tug peg yog tsav nyob rau hauv ze lub seedling, on uas tsob ntoo yog khi li kom tsis txhob deformation ntawm lub pob tw nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj ntawm lub crown.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm seedling yog sau nrog cov txheej, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm seedling nws yog tsim nyog los co co me ntsis, koj muaj peev xwm kuj moisten cov av txheej rau ib tug ntau nruj haum. Tom qab cog, nws yog pom zoo kom dej tsob ntoo nrog 2-3 thoob dej.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm lub caij ntuj sov Moscow - yog dej. Moscow xav systematic thiab tshaj dej, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm flowering thiab nyob rau hauv qhuav zaug.
Qoob loo ib tsob ntoo nrog sod los yog ib tug ntaub pua plag ntawm clover, lawv yuav khaws lub siab xav ntawm noo noo.
Pruning plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev paub ntawm lub tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub xyoo tom qab tom qab disembarkation, lawv pib kom artificially tsim lub crown.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab qoob loo uas loj hlob hauv cov yas los yog cov ceg uas loj tuaj ntawm ib qho kev mob hnyav. Yog hais tias lub sapling pib Bloom nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, ua ntej nws thib rau hnub yug, nws yog pom zoo kom txiav lub paj. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tag nrho unfit, tawg, rotten ceg yog pruned.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom cov av huv si, uas yog, kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov nroj, loos thiab nroj tsuag. Tseem ceeb fertilizer manure thiab mowed nyom.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, koj tsob ntoo yog pub nrog cov kab ntsev, kua qab, thiab tshauv.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Kua crab
Tus kab mob no loj heev, tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus ntawm tsob ntoo. Thaum lub sij hawm mob, thickening cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv pob tw, crown thiab ceg, tom qab uas ib tug txheej txheem decaying pib hauv kev loj hlob.
Kev puas tsuaj tsis tuaj yeem qhib, tab sis kuj kaw (tawv exfoliates tom qab rotting). Nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov txhab, yog tias tsis kho, ib sab liab liab tshwm, uas qhov chaw qhov chaw muaj zog ntxiv tuaj.
Kev Kho Mob: Yog hais tias pom tus kab mob no tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib, qhov chaw puas tsuaj yuav tsum tau smeared nrog ib lub vaj zaub qab los yog Bordeaux kua. Puas tsuaj ceg txiav thiab hlawv sab nraum lub vaj.
Scab
Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm fungal spores. Mob khaub thuas fungal "tso tawm" rau ntawm nplooj ntoo tsis paub thiab lwj los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thawj kab mob cuam tshuam lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj thiab foliage.
Tshaj pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm yellowish, ncaj ncees me ntsis, nrog oily sheen.
Yog hais tias tsis kho nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, cov nplooj qhuav tawm, thiab mob kis mus rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawm, buds, ovaries.
Kev Kho Mob: Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg nplooj ntog poob tsob ntoo yog kho nrog urea nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Muaj cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas ua rau tsob ntoo muaj kab mob: "Scor", ib qho dej Bordeaux cawv (nws tiav peb zaug, ib zaug peb feem pua, ob feem pua ​​- ib feem pua), Cumulus, Scor, thiab lwm tus.
Mealy dew
Tus kab mob no yog mob hnyav, raws li nws cuam tshuam tag nrho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo. Feem ntau pom tau ntawm cov nplooj, nws zoo nkaus li ib tug dawb tawg, resembling hmoov av los yog hmoov av, nyob rau hauv theem siab tshaj plaws Bloom hloov xim rau xim av.
Yog hais tias tsis kho, cov nplooj qhuav, thiab tus kab mob no ua tau rau hauv lub cev.
Kev Kho Mob: Cov chaw puas tsuaj raug rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm ntawm thaj chaw ua teb. Tsob ntoo kho nrog tshuaj tov "Topaz" (2 ml ntawm 10 liters dej), koj tuaj yeem siv "Skor".
Qhov daws yog ntxuav los ntxuav nrog ntoo, thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm fruiting nws yog kho nrog Bordeaux kua.
Tsis txhob hnov ​​qab txog cov pests ntawm lub kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab siv sij hawm tiv thaiv lub sij hawm tiv thaiv lub npauj npog thiab cov npauj tsuas, txiv hmab txiv ntoo sapwood, haws thiab silkworms.
Yuav kom saib xyuas rau tom qab muaj ntau lub tsev ntoo ntawm cov ntoo hauv Moscow tom qab koj tsis tas yuav siv ntau zog. Qhov ntau yam yog unpretentious heev, muaj ntau yields, siab saj zoo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ntev lub neej txee.
Qhov tsuas yog raug rho tawm hnub no yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub yas kom tuab.
