Ib tug plum tau tshwm nyob hauv teb chaws Russia rov qab rau xyoo pua 17th thiab sai sai tsis dhau rau hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv nruab nrab latitudes. Thawj plums tsis txawv nyob rau hauv Frost tsis kam thiab feem ntau puas los ntawm cov kab mob.
Twb nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Yug me nyuam ua hauj lwm tau pib siv tawm los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab.
Cov haujlwm zoo li niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. tau txais ncaj ntau thiab nrov ntawm gardeners ntau plums Nco Timiryazev. Dab tsi yog nws cov feature thiab ua li cas nws yog haum rau loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej lub cuab ntxhiab.
Nqe lus piav ntawm plum "Nco ntawm Timiryazev"
Nco txog Timiryazev - treelike plum ntau yam, me me loj, li 3 m siab. Lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo tsis yog tuab heev, puag ncig, medium nplooj ntoos, me ntsis wilted. Tua pubescent, lub teeb xim av.
Lub buds yog me me, tsis nias rau kev khiav. Cov nplooj yog loj, lub teeb ntsuab. Lub Upper sab ntawm daim ntawv yog tus, thiab hauv qab - pubescent. Raws li cov hau ntawm daim ntawv yog tsawg cov hniav me. Lub paj yog lush, dawb, medium-qhov loj qhov me, nyob rau hauv txhua xyoo tua.
Berries yog oval, loj, weighing txog 20-30 grams, lub ci daj daj uas muaj xim liab ci nrog rau lub tshav ntuj sab nraud thiab ntau qhov chaw me me.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tus, nrog ib tug me ntsis ciab txheej. Sab seam yuav luag tsis tau. Lub pulp yog ntom, nplua-grained, tsis heev muaj kua, qab zib-qaub, six, nrog ib tug focal aroma. Lub berries ruaj ruaj tuav on ib tug tuab, luv luv soj caum. Lub pob zeb yog me me, oval, yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub pulp.
Diam duab
Xav txog plum ntau yam "Nco ntawm Timiryazev" nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Ntau yam kev nco ntawm Timiryazev raug coj tuaj rau hauv Moscow Institute of Horticulture nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hla kev cuam tshuam lub qub ntau yam ntawm nrov xaiv Victoria thiab Skorospelka liab.
Koom rau hauv ntau yam ntawm Memory Timiryazev nto moo yug S.N. Satarov, V.A. Yefimov thiab Kh.K. Enikeev.
Qhov ntau yam raug zoned nyob rau hauv 1959 nyob rau hauv lub Central thiab nruab nrab Volga regions ntawm Russia. Sij hawm dhau los, Nco Txog Timiryazev thoob plaws hauv feem ntau ntawm lub USSR. Niaj hnub no nws tau feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv industrial thiab ntiav vaj ntawm Belarus, lub Baltic States, Moldova thiab Ukraine.
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Plum Nco Timiryazev hais txog lig ntau yam. Flowering tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob los yog thib peb xyoo caum May, thiab harvesting yuav pib nyob rau hauv lig Lub yim hli ntuj-Cuaj hlis. Nws yog ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb, sib npaug zos zoo tsim nyog rau kev ua thiab rau kev noj haus tshiab. Differs nyob rau hauv zoo transportability thiab ntev ntev txee lub neej.
Variety Memory Timiryazev pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab 4-5 xyoos tom qab cog. Nws muaj lub neej haum siab siab, txog 20 - 22 xyoo. Productivity yog zoo heev, ntawm nruab nrab 15-35 kg los ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Qhov ntau yam yog self-fertile, tab sis los txhim kho kev sau, koj muaj peev xwm cog ib sab ntawm xws li ntau yam raws li Moscow Hungarian los yog Skorospelka liab.
Qib siab tsis muaj peev xwm khov tsis tau. Tua kom khov tawv twb dhau ntawm t-25-30s, tab sis tsob ntoo rov qab sai heev. Lub ntsiab ceg thiab paj buds yog tsawg cuam tshuam los ntawm Frost. Drought tuaj yeem ntawm tsob ntoo yog nruab nrab. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov ntau yam yog suab tsis cuam tshuam.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Txij li lub cim ntawm Timiryazev yog tsis ruaj tsis khov rau Frost, lub cog yuav ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab lub ntiaj teb warms li zoo, tab sis lub buds tsis pib mus rau Bud. Qhov no ntau yam yog tsis heev picky txog kev loj hlob tej yam kev mob..
Cov av yuav tsum muaj lub teeb thiab fertile. Qhov chaw uas muaj cov dej qis tsawg thiab cov suab zeb loam los yog loamy, zoo cov dej xau tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub tsev tsaws yuav tsum sov, tshav ntuj thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua txias. Koj tuaj yeem cog tsob ntoo ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tsev los yog laj kab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau saib qhov nrug ntawm phab ntsa ntawm yam tsawg kawg 4-5 meters, thiab tsis pub qis qis qis.
Cov av nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv yog npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Nws yog kom zoo zoo digged thiab thov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. Yog hais tias cov av yog acidic, ces ob lub lim tiam tom qab kev khawb nws yog txiv qaub. Yuav kom nce lub tawm los, nws yog ntshaw kom cog ntau Cross-pollinating ntau yam ntawm nws. Qhov deb ntawm seedlings yuav tsum 2.5-3 m.
Pits yog npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej tsaws. Lawv khawb lawv mus rau ib lub tob ntawm 50-60 cm thiab ib tug dav ntawm 80-90 cm. Lub Upper txheej yog ntxuav ntawm nyom thiab keeb kwm thiab tov nrog 10-15 kg ntawm zoo-rotted manure, 250 g ntawm ob superphosphate, 0.5 kg ntawm tshauv thiab 100 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulphate yog ntxiv. Nyob rau ntawm lub qab ntawm npaj ua rau koj muaj peev xwm ncuav 200-300 grams ntawm crushed eggshell, thiab muab cov npaj av sib tov on to top.
Nyob hauv nruab nrab, lub peg rau cov ntoo yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Tom qab ntawd 2-3 thoob dej yog poured rau hauv aub tsiv, tso cai rau soak nyob rau hauv thiab pib mus rau cog.
Ib tug nyias txheej ntawm huv, fertile av yam uas tsis muaj chiv yog poured mus rau hauv aub tsiv los ntawm saum toj no thiab lub seedling yog ua tib zoo muab tso rau. Thaum digging nyob rau hauv, hauv av yog maj tamped down, ua Nco ntsoov tias hauv paus caj dab yog 5-6 cm saum toj no hauv av theem. Tom qab cog, tsob ntoo yog loosely khi rau ib tug peg, ib tug high earthen ntug tsim ua ib ncig ntawm lub qhov thiab zoo watered. Tom qab no, qhov ze-qia lub voj voog yog zoo mulched nrog peat qhuav.
Nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij ntuj sov, lub seedling yog watered tsis tu ncua., maj thiab mulch cov av nyob ze ntawm lub pob tw. Lub cim xeeb ntawm Timiryazev tsis muaj lub siab ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau dej kom ntau thiab feem ntau.
Thaum qhuav thiab kub huab cua, lawv tau tsob ntoo tsob ntoo ib zaug txhua 2 lub lis piam. Rau ib qho siv dej 3-4 thoob dej. Qhov kawg podzimny dej yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsob ntoo ntshai heev ntawm Frost. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo qhwv. Cov ceg tuaj yeem ua khi ua ke thiab mob hnyav nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag. Tib txoj kev ua tiav yog ua tiav nrog lub thoob. On to top ntawm lub cev pob tw yuav tsum khi nrog nylon los yog mos polymer mesh, los tiv thaiv tawm tsam nas. Thaum cov daus poob los, lawv tuaj yeem kis tau prikopat.
Ua ntej pub mis yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub rau hli ntuj. Rau qhov no koj xav tau 3 tbsp. l urea diluted nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej thiab ncuav nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj, fertilizing yog rov qab.
Cov tshuaj kua urea tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm azofoskoy nyob rau tib lub tswv yim. Thiaj li rau lub yub tsim zoo, nws tsis yog phem rau tshuaj tsuag nws txhua txhua 10-12 hnub nrog ib tug stimulator loj hlob. Qhov kawg keeb hnav khaub ncaws ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, siv phosphorus-poov tshuaj chiv.
Nyob rau hauv ob xyoos tom ntej, sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws ua li no: nyob rau hauv Tej zaum May tsuas yog nitrogen chiv yog siv, nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj - nitrophosphate, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj - superphosphate. Nyob rau ib tsob ntoo siv 2-3 thoob ntawm cov tshuaj tiav.
Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm fruiting, tsob ntoo yog pub nrog tib chiv raws li no Scheme: thawj lub sij hawm - ua ntej flowering, ob - thaum pib ntawm lub ripening ntawm berries thiab peb - tom qab harvesting. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tu ncua dej, nroj, loosen thiab mulch cov av ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw. Ua ntej flowering, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ntoo raug kho nrog pests.
Ua ntej pruning ntawm cov ntoo twb thaum lub sij hawm cog. Xaiv 8-10 tus leb tshaj plaws los ntawm cov ntoo uas yuav tsim thiab muab luv luv los ntawm 1/3 ntawm qhov ntev. Lub hauv paus lub cev yog txiav ib ob peb cm saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub ceg. Tag nrho lwm cov ceg raug rho tawm.
Tom ntej pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Txiav tawm cov khov hlua, ua kom luv hlob thiab tshem tawm ntau, thickening lub crown ceg. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg laus cov ntoo, paus keeb yog muab tshem tawm, lub ntsiab pob tw yog shortened thiab diseased los yog qhuav ceg thiab tua raug pruned.
Variety Memory Timiryazev heev unpretentious nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas thiab yuav luag tsis tshua muaj cuam tshuam los ntawm cov raug plum kab mob. Txawm li cas los, nws feem ntau suffers los ntawm qhov nres ntawm plum thiab kab laug sab mites. Yuav ua li cas nrog cov kab no?
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Plum mite infects cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab nplooj. Cov tsos ntawm no Kab Tsuag tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm kev loj hlob me me (galls) rau ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm kev tua.
Lub galls sab laug los ntawm ticks loj hlob sai heev, thiab qhov cuam tshuam kev tua qhuav tawm thiab tuag.
Koj tuaj yeem sib tua cov kab no los ntawm kev txau cov ntoo tom qab flowering nrog daws ntawm colloidal leej faj. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev kho mob yog ua tiav txhua 10 hnub. Tag nrho cov ceg ntoo thiab tua raug txiav thiab hlawv.
Spider mite pub on SAP ntawm nplooj. Thawj cov cim ntawm nws cov tsos yog me me liab me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj. Dhau lub sij hawm, cov nplooj yog qhwv hauv cov nplaum nplaum cobwebs, qhuav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm kab laug sab mite yog txiav txim siab. Nws cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog lub nplooj, tab sis tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm tsis pib sib ntaus - koj yuav poob lub sau.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau tus kabmob no tawm ntawm qhov tshwm rau ntawm plum, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau loosen thiab nroj tsuag cov av tsis tu ncua, ua kom tag nrho cov nplooj poob thiab ncua cov ntoo tsuag nrog tov ntawm xab npum. Yog hais tias tus kabmob no tseem tshwm sim, ces tshuaj tua kab yuav pab tau.
Pros thiab cons
Plum "nco ntawm Timiryazev" tsis poob nws qhov chaw, txawm pom ntawm ntau ntau yam tshiab.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm no ntau yam muaj xws li:
- siab yield;
- self-fertility;
- kab mob ua hauj;
- kev muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua sai;
- zoo heev saj ntawm berries;
- zoo thauj.
Ntawm cov minuses tsuas yog raug cim tseg:
- txom nyem lub caij ntuj no hardiness;
- loj heev los ntawm ticks.
Nrog kev kho kom zoo thiab kev kho mob raws sij hawm, qhov plum "Nco ntawm Timiryazev" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Tsi zoo tsim nws tus kheej hauv kev ua teb. Nws yog unpretentious heev, thiab tsis heev picky txog kev loj hlob tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab.
Rau ib tug ntau dua kev nyab xeeb, lub cim ntawm Timiryazev yog tsis haum.
