Deb ntawm txhua leej txhua tus paub dab tsi millet yog. Pej xeem - Qhov no yog ib qho khoom noj txhua xyoo uas cog rau tsev neeg ntawm cov cereal. Kab lis kev cai muaj cuff-puab stems nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pob hlav branching los ntawm hauv paus. Lub inflorescence yog paniculata, txhua spikelet muaj ob lub paj - bisexual thiab asexual.
Lub pob ntseg ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog ib qho chaw sab nraud, sab nraud ntawm lwm tus. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ib tug grain ntawm ib puag ncig los yog oblong duab. Niaj hnub, lub ntsiab cultivators ntawm millet yog Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb, tsawg zaus - Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan.
Koj puas paub? Millet yog siv ua ib qho kev nyab xeeb noob. Yog hais tias cog lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo vim qee tsis tuag, siv millet.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau loj hlob millet yog dub av los yog chestnut av. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm germination on lwm xau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los thov cov tshwj xeeb pob zeb hauv av chiv, txij thaum keeb kwm ntawm kab lis kev cai tsis assimilate tseem ceeb cov tshuaj.
Millet tsis zam acidic av, qib siab rau cultivation - nruab nrab av. Pej xeem yog xav tau nyob rau hauv qhov aeration cov khoom ntawm thaj av. On ntom xau nrog high humidity sprouts tuag.
Cov zoo thiab cov neeg ua tsis ncaj
Lub cultivation ntawm millet yog zoo tshaj plaws ua rau hauv av tom qab sau legumes, clover, flax, nplej los yog tsis muaj cov qoob loo. Nws yog undesirable mus sow millet tom qab caij nplooj ntoos hlav grain, sunflower, Sudanese. Cov neeg nyob hauv cov khoom cog qoob loo tsis tuaj yeem raug siv los ua ib qho monoculture, vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob fungal.. Pob kws ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho kev siv tsis zoo, vim nws tseem raug tau tus kab mob los ntawm lub hauv paus npauj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub tob ntawm nkag mus ntawm millet keeb kwm yog txog li ob metres. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom muab nws cog rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntuj qhuav heev.
Av fertilizer rau millet
Yuav kom paub tseeb tshaj plaws cov qoob loo yield, nitrogen thiab phosphate chiv yog nkag tau. Tsis zoo li lwm haiv neeg millet, fertilized nrog nitrogenous chiv, es tsis txhob haib ntsuab stems muab ib theem siab tawm los. Nyob rau hauv plowing, ammonia-nitrogen chiv yog thov. Thaum thawj cultivation fertilized nrog nitrate. Organics vim yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau pom zoo kom ua thaum loj hlob ntawm cov neeg ua ntej.
Kev kho mob ntawm seedlings nrog micronutrients ploj lawm nyob rau hauv cov av yuav zoo. Thaum pib ntawm lub caij loj hlob, phosphorous tshuaj yog qhia mus rau tsim kho kev loj hlob ntawm hauv paus system. Rau tsim ntawm ib centner ntawm grain, tus nqi ntawm fertilizer tau saws: nitrogen - 1.5 kg; phosphoric - 2.0-3.5 kg; potash - 1.0 kg.
Xaiv ntawm ntau yam thiab kev npaj ntawm cov noob rau sowing
Ua tib zoo xaiv thiab tag nrho ua ntawm noob ua ntej sowing yog ib tug guarantee ntawm ib tug zoo sau. Muaj ntau tshaj tsib puas hom ntawm millet. Thaum xaiv cov noob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev loj hlob tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug muab cov qoob loo: av acidity, dej nag, av fertility, nroj qaug, noob germination, germination lub sijhawm, kub.
Millet yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov kev pom zoo hauv cov sau qoob raws li koj qhov chaw geographic. Nyob rau hauv Ukraine, muaj txog kaum cuaj yam ntau ntawm millet, ntawm uas Veselopodolyanskoe 176, Veselopodolyanskoe 16, Kievskoe 87, Omriyane, Mironovskoe 51, Kharkovskoe 31, Slobozhansky yog nrov.
Los txhim kho lub germination thiab disinfection ntawm millet noob, preseding disinfection yog nqa tawm. Noob tshuaj yog ua ntej ua ntej (ob lub lim tiam). Rau cog siv cov noob ntawm І thiab Ib chav kawm. Yuav kom nce lub zog germination, lub noob yog ventilated nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thaum lub sij hawm lub lim tiam, tej zaum tig.
Rau qhov mob disinfection, koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj xws li "Phenoram", "Baytan", "Vitavaks". Noob raug tso rau hauv kev npaj ua ntej. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim ntxiv rau ntxiv cov yeeb yaj duab-tsim cov tshuaj mus rau qhov kev daws teeb meem. Pop-up noob yog txav deb, thiab so yog khaws nyob rau hauv ib pawg, them nrog ib daim ntaub thiab tuav rau ob lub sij hawm. Tom qab no tus txheej txheem, lub noob yog ventilated dua.
Koj puas paub? Lub teb chaws ntawm millet yog suav. Nyob ntawd, lawv pib pib cog lus rau xyoo 3 th xyoo BC.
Qhov zoo tshaj hnub rau sowing millet
Txhua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej thaum mus muab millet. Thaum sowing millet nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, snow retention yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub teb thiab daus thawing yog tswj.
Sowing millet nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav nqa tawm thaum cov av nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm seeding 4-5 cm warmed mus rau 10-12 ºC. Yog hais tias koj sow lub noob thaum ntxov, lub seedlings tshwm belatedly thiab lub field ua overgrown nrog weeds, thiab tua tau khov thaum frosts caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lig cog thaum lub ziab tawm ntawm cov av, noob germination yuav tsis ncaj thiab lub hauv paus system yuav tsis paus zoo. Pej xeem yog sown nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis thiab xaus rau hauv nruab nrab Lub Rau Hli. Thaum sowing ib tug qoob loo rau ib tug loj ntsuab, sowing xaus nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj.
Muaj ib qho ultra-ntxov ntau ntawm millet, uas yog siv los tsim ib tug thib ob qoob loo. Nws yog sown tom qab harvesting lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo thiab annuals nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj.
Txoj kev ntawm sowing millet
Lub agrotechnology ntawm millet sowing ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub fertility thiab kis ntawm cov av rau cultivation. Yog hais tias cov av rau millet yog heev fertile, nrog sim humidity thiab tshem ntawm weeds, siv kab seeding millet.
Nyob rau hauv weedy chaw nrog ib tug me me ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av yog siv dav-kab thiab tib-kab (deb ntawm kab ntawm 45 centimeters). Sowing tswvyim nrog siv txoj siv 65 x 15 x 15. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub seeding nqi ib 1 hectare ntawm kab txoj kab yog 3.0-4.0 lab noob (20-30 kg), broad-row - 2.5 lab noob (17-18 kg).
Kev ua liaj ua teb kev pom tau hais tias yuav kom tau lub siab tshaj plaws tawm los, qhov txoj kab ntawm cog millet yog tau. Thaum cultivating nrog thoob-txoj kev, millet tsis tawm los xws li ib tug tawm los, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau cov noob qhuav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub sij hawm kis ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov av rau sowing thiab seeding yuav tsum tsawg thiaj li hais tias noo noo tsis evaporate.
Kev kho mob rau cov noob qoob loo
Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm no grain qoob loo yog nyob rau hauv post-cog dov thiab pre-rov tshwm sim harrowing ntawm seedlings. Cov ntawv xov xwm qis khawm tau ua suab nrov thiab lub nplhaib khov. Dov phom nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam arid yog siv kom muaj kev sib cuag dua cov noob nrog hauv av, uas ua rau lawv o thiab nce cov kab mob.
Rau txoj hlua siv lub teeb mesh, sowing, tine harrows. Lub hom phiaj yog los ua kom cov kab ua av ua av thiab ua kom cov qwj nroj tsuag. Harrowing yog nqa tawm ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm lesser seeding tob nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus ua puas lub millet, thaum lub qhov siab ntawm seedling yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm grain. Boron hla kev cog qoob loo ntawm kev khiav ceev 5 km / h.
Qhov thib ob lub sij hawm cov qoob loo yog cov harrowed thaum cov nroj tsuag pib zoo. Yog hais tias harrowing yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm cov noob theem, nws yog nqa tawm nrog rotary hoes.
Nroj tsuag tswj thiab kab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob
2-3 kab cultivations yog nqa tawm ntawm thoob plaws-kab thiab siv muag. Thawj kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ntawm lub tob ntawm 4 cm, thaum lub noob yog tag nrho zus, lub tom tob tob los ntawm 2 cm.
Thaum bobbing millet stems xav tau mus rau pawg los txhawb nqa lub hauv paus system ntawm cov qoob loo. Agrotechnical txoj kev ua ke nrog rau cov tshuaj siv rau kev tswj tau cov nqaij khov. Yuav kom tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag txhua xyoo siv herbicide daim ntawv thov thaum cultivating cov av rau sowing. Loj hlob millet yog ib lub sij hawm-siv, siv sij hawm-siv.
Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev tua cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob (melanosis, smut) thiab kab tsuag (thrips, aphid, mosquito mosquito, qia npauj) yog kev ua kom tiav cov tsiaj txhu (cog qoob loo, cov av av, kev tswj cov noob, kev kho cov noob) thiab tshuaj kho. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau kev mus yos hav zoov tua phom tua tsiaj nrog tshuaj, yog kab tsuag lossis kab mob ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Koj puas paub? Cov neeg nplua nuj muaj protein ntau, uas, tsis zoo li cov nqaij, tsis acidify thiab tsis lom lub cev nrog unsaturated fatty acids.
Millet harvesting
Cov kauj ruam kawg hauv kev tuaj yeem zuj zus tuaj. Pej xeem tsis tuaj yeem tsis sib luag, yog li ntawd nws tu yog nqa tawm hauv txoj kev nyias nyias. Ib qho kev kos npe ntawm ripeness ntawm grain yog lub daj ntawm lub teev ntawm cov teev. Bevel pibthaum txog 80% ntawm qoob loo yog ripened, lub millet nyob rau hauv lub Upper theem ntawm inflorescence yog tag nrho ripe, nruab nrab ntawm lub inflorescence tau ripened, thiab hauv qab no tsis ripe.
Yuav kom tsis txhob poob qoob loo, tsis muaj phom sij rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas nws cov theem qis dua nyob rau hauv qaws. Thaum mowing cov quav nplej sab laug 20 cm, cov qaws yog tais hauv cov kab. De thiab thresh grain grainers nyob rau hauv tsib hnub, thaum nws cov humidity ncav 14%. Npaj loj yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov kev mob ntawm humidity tsis muaj ntau tshaj 13%. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum twg tshem tawm millet, nco ntsoov tswj qhov siab qhov siab ntawm stems, qhov zoo ntawm lub threshing panicle, lub meej mom thiab purity ntawm grain.
