Ib qho ntawm feem nrov ntau yam ntawm pear - "Muscovite"!

Pear "Muscovite" uas tsis muaj kev tshaj lij hu ua ib qho ntawm ntau yam nrov tshaj plaws.

Nws yog txaus unpretentious, hardy thiab raws li tag nrho qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo.

Paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam thiab muab nws nrog tag nrho cov kev mob uas tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev tsim nyog ntawm cov kua qab hu ua "Muscovite" txhua txhua xyoo.

Cov pears hais txog dab tsi?

Cov pear "Muscovite" yog dessert ntau yam nrog Autumnal txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening. Tsaug precociousness, zoo kev nthuav qhia, zoo zoo thiab lwm yam zoo, nws yog nrov heev nrog gardeners.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Muscovites" universal. Lawv yog cov cua tshiab thiab zoo rau kev compotes, jams, jams, marmalade, candied txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav.

Versatility kuj distinguishes Khoom noj qab zib Rossoshanskaya, Krasulya, Hera, Ncaj ncees thiab Hav Zoov Zoo Nkauj.

Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av

"Muscovite" yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua qoob ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow Agricultural Timiryazev Academy. Nws raug rho tawm los ntawm pear seedlings tau los ntawm cov dawb pollination ntawm ib tug ntau yam American hu ua "kieffer".

Pear "Muscovite": kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov duab

Pear ntoo ntau yam "Muscovite" muaj nruab nrab qhov loj thiab tus qauv qauv nrog ib tug tuab crown thiab medium foliage.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas Cov ntoo "Muscovites" muaj ib lub suab paj nruag zoo nkaujuas thaum lawv hlob loj dua ua conical.

Grey xim tsob ntoothiab cov tawv ntoo kab txhim khu loj hlob tuaj hauv kev ua oblique-ntsug kev coj, lub teeb txho.

Ntau "Muscovite" muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm zoo rau tsim tua. Lawv muaj ib txoj hlua, nruab nrab qhov ntev thiab lub taub.. On tua nyob rau hauv txaus qhov ntau muaj me me convex lentils. Lub internodes ntawm ceg yog ntawm ntev ntev, lub khob-puab puab yog xim av.

Me me pear nplooj muaj ib qho dawb lub qe. nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov npoo. Nplooj ntoos phaj leathery, tsis pubescence thiab me ntsis curved nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Paj pears yooj yim cupped nrog ib tug dawb whisk. Los ntawm 5 mus rau 7 lub paj yog sau hauv racemes. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog tsim ntawm cov phev, txiv hmab txiv ntoo twigs, ib ncig ntawm txawv hnub nyoog thiab txhua xyoo tua los ntawm lateral thiab apical buds.

Nruab nrab qhov hnyav ntawm ib pear "Muscovite" - los ntawm 120 mus rau 130 g. Qee lub cev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200 g thiab txawm tias tsawg dua. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog thoob plaws.

Nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij yellowish-ntsuab yog pom cov ntsiab lus subcutaneous. Feem ntau daim tawv nqaij yog them nrog loj xeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm loj me ntsis. Npog ntsej muag yog tsis tuaj.

Dawb txiv hmab txiv ntoo pulp muaj dej nrog ib lub voj voog semi-oily thiab granulations ncig lub plawv. "Muscovite" muaj ib tug heev qab ntxiag qaub-Sweet saj nrog ib tug txaus qhia fragrant aroma. Tasting tshuaj pears "Muscovite" - 4.3 ntsiab lus, qab zib cov ntsiab lus txiv hmab txiv ntoo 9,5 %thiab acidity - 0,48 %.

Diam duab ntau yam ntawm pears "Muscovite":

Yam ntxwv

Ntau yam zoo heev ruaj thiab siab yields txawm nyob rau hauv cov nyom tej yam kev mob. Ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem muab rau 50 kg muaj kua thiab tsw qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txiv moj txiv ntoo "Muscovite" pib ntawm 4thqee zaus Xyoo thib 3 tom qab tsaws. Sau ripens by ib nrab-Cuaj hlis los yog me ntsis ua ntej. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias thaum ripe, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav luag tsis crumble.

Ripeness txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav txiav txim tau los ntawm qhov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij me daj. Ntev cia ntev pNws yog pom zoo kom tua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom txog rau thaum kos npe rau ntawm kom loj hlob.thaum cov tawv nqaij tseem teeb ntsuab.

Hauv chav txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen thaum lub sij hawm lub lim tiam, ua heev muaj kua thiab six, tom qab uas nws tau txais kev cawmdim rau txog kaum hnub. Nyob rau hauv qab qab pears yog khaws yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg siv khoom zoo ntawm 3 txog 4 lub lim piam, thiab hauv lub tub yees thaum xoom kub - txog 3 lub hlis.

Variety muaj ib tug heev zoo endurance, tsis ntshai ntawm kev hloov hauv qhov kub thiab muab cov khoom tsim tawm hauv cov huab cua. Txawm li cas los lub caij ntuj no hardiness "Muscovites" me ntsis saum toj nruab nrabYog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab latitudes ntawm Russia, nws xav tau lub caij ntuj no sov.

Self-infertile ntau yam "Muscovite" xav tau pollination. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinator ntau yam rau no pear: Lada, Elegant Efimova, Moscow Bergamot, Marble, Yakovlev Nyiam.

Kev cog thiab kev kho mob

Pear nram qab no av hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj txawm yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig Plaub Hlis-thaum Lub Tsib Hlis. Thaum cog "Muscovites" yuav tsum saib xyuas tias pollinating ntau yam loj hlob ze nws.

Pear yuav tsum muaj ib qho chaw zoo, tshav ntuj thiab qhuav. Tshaj ntau hnub cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo tau txais, lub tastier thiab sweeter lawv ua.

Nroj tsuag tsis nyiam cua daj cua dub hauv cov av. Av dej cheeb tsam yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov tob tsis pub tsawg tshaj 2.5 meters los ntawm hauv avpub kom lub pear tsis tau tsim thiab yuav piam sij.

Pear ntoo nyiam kom loj tuaj xuab zeb-chernozem los yog loamy av pH acidity ntawm 5.6 mus rau 6.0. Sandy av kuj zoo.tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no xav tau kev pab ntau dua, nrog rau kev ua ub ua no thiab tsis tu ncua. Av nplaum xau undesirable rau pears. Rau cog nyob rau hauv xws li av xav tau ib tug loj tsaws aub tsiv nrog ib tug tsim primer.
Lub qhov tsaws tsoo yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej, tsawg kawg ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej npaj tsaws. Rau cog seedlings nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav aub tsiv yog zoo tshaj plaws npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Nws pom loj - ntawm 1 mus rau 1.2 m hauv qhov tob thiab ib ncig 80 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb.

Thaum digging ib qhov to top sod txheej (txog 30 cm) quav mus rau ib sabthiab tus so ntawm thaj av yog nyob rau lwm qhov. Tom ntej no, qhov aub tsiv yog muaj av nrog av.

Rau nws cov kev npaj, tshem tawm horseback turf hauv av yuav tsum tau tov nrog 3 thoob manure los yog zaub humus, ob peb lub thoob ntawm xuab zeb, ib khob ntawm superphosphate, 3 dia ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate thiab 1 kg ntawm tej yam teeb meem organic. Tom ntej no, sau lub qhov taub nrog lub zoo dua lub ntiaj teb thiab ces ncuav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm dolomite hmoov (400 g ib 10 liv dej). Thaum kawg poured ob peb lub thoob dej thiab 10-14 hnub los yog kom txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yoojyim lub qhov dej hauv daim ntawv no.

Tseem ceeb - Ua ntej cog cov hauj lwm rau ib sapling txiav tawm feem ntau ntawm nplooj, tawm tsuas yog ob peb nplooj rau txhua ceg. Yoojyim evaporate ntau heev ntawm noo noothiab lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tsob ntoo hluas ua haujlwm tseem qaug zog heev.

Planting pear seedlings yog nqa tawm raws li nram no:

1. Feem ntau cov cog pears. Thaum yuav ib tsob ntoo pom zoo tam sim no ua pruning, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis txiav lub keeb kwm. Muaj ib hnub ua ntej cog seedling keeb kwm yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej los yog kev daws ntawm mullein;
2. Ua ntej, ib tug peg yog tsav mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm qhov aub tsiv kom nws nce saum toj no hauv av ntawm los ntawm 50 cm. Tom ntej no, ncuav ib lub toj ntawm lub ntiaj teb mus rau hauv aub tsiv thiab tso ib tug seedling on nws, smoothing lub keeb kwm evenly. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog tus pab cuam uas yuav txhawb nqa tsob ntoo;
3. Aub tsiv nrog ib yub nchuav tag nrho cov av tsis muaj chiv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus hluas pear yog me ntsis shaken thiaj li hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav ua rau voids nruab nrab ntawm lub keeb kwm. Thaum tsaws lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum nyob 5 lossis 7 cm ntawm qhov av;
4. Cog ntoo, zoo tamp av nrog lawv ko taw, los nws nrog 3 thoob dej, thiab tom qab ntawd mulch lub voj voog pristvolny nrog qhuav humus. Kev cog qoob ua hauj lwm xaus li khi lub yub rau lub peg.

Yuav kom saib xyuas, "Muscovite" tsis yog xav tau heev. Ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho yog loosening lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo.

Thawj loosening rau ib qhov tob txog 15 cm ua ncaj qha tom qab tsaws. Lub voj voog Pristvolny yuav tsum ceev faj thiab mulch nrog peat, humus los yog chiv. Nws yog tsim nyog los tshem cov nroj tsuag thiab ntau cov khib nyiab nyob rau lub sij hawm..

Dej pear tsim nyog ib zaug ib lub lim tiam ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 liv dej rau ntawm ib tsob ntoo thaum sawv ntxov thiab tib lub sij hawm thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus watering yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau pears nrog Lub Xya Hli Ntuj txog Lub Yim Hlithaum nws Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab thaum buds ntawm tom ntej no sau yog pw rau ntawm cov ntoo. Irrigation hom yog kho raws li cov huab cua puag.. Nrog Lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj yuav tsis tuaj.

Pub pears yuav pib lub xyoo tom ntej tom qab cog. Txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsob ntoo yog fertilized nrog ammonium nitrate raws li ntawm 20 g ib 1 sq. M log vajvoog.

Organic chiv yuav tsum tau siv txhua peb lub xyoos nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. - ntawm 1 sq. m rau 50 g superphosphate, ib nrab ib thoob ntawm compost los yog humus thiab 20 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate.

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb - Nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij tom qab cog nws yog pom zoo kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov inflorescences los ntawm seedling., yog li ntawd hais tias tsob ntoo zoo dua tswm cia.

Thaum lub caij loj hlob tuaj pear xav tau pruning. Nws yog tsim nyog ua thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej pib tawg paj. Thaum cog, cov ceg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas saplings yog txiav los ntawm ib tug thib peb thiaj li hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm nteg lub crown sai dua.

Tua yog theem raws li lawv loj tuaj, thaum tswj kev ua txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg xyuas neeg hauv tsev. Cropped ceg loj hlob sab hauv, curves thiab qaug zog tua, saum. Yog hais tias lub crown yog puas los ntawm khov, muaj zog saum sab laug thiab siv los hloov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev coj tus ceg.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog thaum pruning yog muab tshem tawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib quarter ntawm tag nrho cov ceg ntooYuav kom tsis txhob tuaj yeem tsob ntoo kom muaj kev ntxhov siab.

Yog hais tias tus ceg ntoo ntawm ib tsob ntoo neeg laus raug tshem tawm tag nrho, qhov txiav yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub hauv paus (ntawm lub nplhaib) - tawm hemp yog tsis ntshaw.

"Muscovite" txaus txias resistant. Txawm li ntawd los, los tiv thaiv tawm tsam tsawg kub rau lub caij ntuj no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau mulch lub ntoo pob tw nrog nees humus. Shtamb yuav tsum muab qhwv nrog insulating khoom uas tso cai rau huab cua kom dhau los.. Yuav kom siv tau cov rog thiab cov nas hauv qab ib feem ntawm lub pob tw yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws them nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb net los yog coniferous ceg tops down.

Nws muaj lwm yam frost-resistant ntau yam: Nika, Samara Beauty, Svarog, Seredyanka Krasnoshchekaya thiab Uralochka.

Kab mob thiab kab tsuag

Pear "Muscovite" txawv los ntawm high tsis kam mus rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot thiab scab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm septoriosis, xeb thiab kab mob cancer, yam tsawg kawg peb txoj kev kho ntoo yog nqa tawm. Siv tau Bordeaux kua lossis cov tshuaj muaj zog zoo li "Skor", "Azofos", "Chorus", "Pennkotseb", "Delan" thiab lwm tus

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg lig, nws yog ib qhov kev tawm tswv yim los mus tshem tawm kev txhim kho txau ntoo urea daws (los ntawm 800 rau 900 g ib 10 liv dej). Rau fungal kab mob kev tiv thaiv ua ntej lub budding ntoo kho nrog tooj liab los yog hlau sulphate kua.

Muaj ntau yam uas yog resistant rau scab: Limonka, Lyra, Northerner liab-cheeked, Moscow thaum ntxov thiab Orlovskaya kev zoo nkauj, piv txwv.

Qhov feem ntau cov kab tsuag ntawm pear - pear sucker, leafworm, ntsuab aphid, pear mite, pear moth. Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam kab tsuag yuav tsum yog tus neeg mus kom ze:

• Ntsuab aphid. Ua threefold txau nroj tsuag: thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav - Kinmiksom, ua ntej flowering - "Agravertin", nrog rau cov tsos ntawm ovaries - Iskra. Heev zoo thiab nrov tshaj txoj kev: ntsuab xab npum, qej thiab chamomile broths;
• Pear moth. Txov los ntawm kev kho mob nrog rau cov tshuaj "Agravertin" ua ntej thiab sai li sai tau tom qab flowering. Tom ntej, peb lub lis piam tom qab ottsvetaniya siv "Kinmiks";
• Pear tooj liab. Cov ntoo yog txau ua ntej blooming paj "Karbofos", tom qab kawg ntawm flowering - "Agravertin" los yog "Iskra." Lub larvae ntawm sucker muaj peev xwm raug puas tsuaj nrog kev pab ntawm decoctions ntawm haus luam yeeb hmoov av, dandelion, yarrow, chamomile;
• Pear mite. Txov los ntawm kev kho cov ntoo nrog ib tug daws colloidal leej faj.
• Sheet ciaj ntswj. Cov tsos ntawm no kab tiv thaiv cov ntoo los ntawm Txau nrog "Tsimbush" npaj ua ntej flowering.

Lub sijhawm fruiting tau sau thiab rhuav tshem worms. Lub caij nplooj zeeg yuav tsum tau ntxuav dua. stumps thiab ceg ntawm exfoliated bark, sau thiab hlawv tag nrho cov nplooj poob, whitewash lub pob tw, raws li tau zoo raws li lub hauv paus ntawm skeletal ceg.

Pear "Muscovite" muaj cov yeeb yam zoo heev thiab tsim nyog ua qhov koj nyiam txiv ntoo. Nrog tu, nws muaj peev xwm muab koj ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm noj qab haus huv thiab six txiv hmab txiv ntoo - ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals.