Rau tej tus gardener nws orchard yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab.
Txhua leej txhua tus xav ntxiv ib yam tshiab rau cov khoom cog ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas twb muaj lawm kom thiaj li zoo siab rau lawv cov txheeb ze nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Ib qho ntawm feem nrov vaj ntoo ntoo hnub no yog pear.
Los ntawm kev dag zog ntawm breeders, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm no nroj tsuag, ib qho ntawm uas - qib ntawm pear Cathedral, rightly ua rau txaus siab ntawm gardeners - ib tug piav qhia tag nrho, piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab yees duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Zoo li cas?
Cov pear belongs rau Rosaceae tsev neeg. Tsev neeg no muaj ntau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Inflorescences thyroid los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug txhuam.
Pollinated los ntawm kab los yog cua. Pear cathedral yog hais txog skoroplodny table qib.
Ripening tshwm sim lub caij ntuj sov thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj. Differs nyob rau hauv li niaj zaus fruiting.
Lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam xws li Rossoshanskaya zoo nkauj, Carmen, Krasulya thiab Skorospelka los ntawm Michurinsk.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Lub Cathedral Pear twb bred ntawm Moscow Agricultural Academy (ICCA). Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm ntau yam yog breeders S.P. Potapov thiab S.T. Chizhov. Qhov no ntau yam tau los ntawm hla ob ntau yam - Hav zoov Kev zoo nkauj thiab lub hybrid "Hav zoov Zoo nkauj nrog"Duchess Thigh".
Bred rau yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv Central sawbtxawm li cas los, vim Frost tsis kam, nws muaj peev xwm txawm loj hlob nyob rau hauv temperate sab qaum teb thaj tsam. Dhau lub xeev xeem hauv 1990, thiab hauv xyoo 2001 - suav nrog nyob rau hauv lub Xeev Sau nyob rau hauv Central Cheeb Tsam Tsev Kawm Ntawv.
Pear "Cathedral": ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov duab
Tsob ntoo tuaj txog nruab nrab qhov siab. Krone ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tsim kho. Kev ceev - los ntawm nruab nrab mus rau loj. Lub bark yog smooth, grey. Feem ntau cov ceg ntoo ncaj qha ncaj nraim yog hais txog qhov siab, feem ntau tsis nyob. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, feem ntau yog rau txhua xyoo tua.
Tua rounded, ncaj, reddish-xim av, me ntsis pubescent. Cov nplooj yog ntsuab, tus, medium mus rau loj.
Oval-puab, nruab nrab-taw, concave, nyob rau hauv sawv muaj cov hniav zoo. Blooms cupped loj paj nyob rau hauv dawb.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm pear "Cathedral" medium qhov loj qhov me los yog tsawg dua uas los ntawm 110 mus rau 130 g
Pear-puab li niaj hnub zoo, nrog tubercles nyob rau saum npoo, greenish-daj tsos nqaij daim tawv. Thaum tag nrho ripeness, cov xim muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau ib lub teeb daj nrog ib tug reddish blush.
Lub qia yog ntawm medium ntev, curved. Lub plawv yog me me, rhombic, nrog cov chaw kaw me me. Nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen tsaus xim av qe-shaped noob. Cov nqaij muaj qab zib thiab qaub saj, dawb, nplua-grained, nruab nrab ceev.
Zoo kawg thiab saj qhia ntau yam ntawm pear Krasnobokaya, Lada, Nursery thiab Ilyinka.
Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom ntawm pear qib "Cathedral":
| Ssotav | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Qhuav teeb meem | 16% |
| Sakharov | 8,5% |
| Acids | 0,3% |
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog ntau yam thiab pom "Cathedral" pears yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov yees duab hauv qab no:
Yam ntxwv
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog harvestable thaum lub sij hawm Lub yim hli ntuj, tab sis, zoo li feem ntau lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam, cia rau ntev, tsis pub ntau tshaj ob lub lim tiam. Kev thauj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov nruab nrab. Ntau pears "Cathedral" yog zoo rau kev noj.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej nws yog zoo dua mus rau sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, rau tom ntej kev npaj ntawm compotes. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raw ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ua tau siav zoo heev jam los yog compote.
Nws tolerates Frost zoo. Li niaj zaus fructification uas yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm no ntau yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus qhab nia kawm tau heev resistant rau scab. Cov qoob loo yog kwv yees li 85 centners ib hectare, nruab nrab ntawm txhua tsob ntoo 35 kg. Fruiting pib hauv 3-4 xyoo.
Siab highs kuj txawv nyob rau hauv nco ntawm Zhegalov, Muscovite, Otradnenskaya thiab Autumn Yakovlev.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Cathedral Pear heev nkag siab rau hauv av. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau cog yuav fertile Sandy chernozem av. Yog hais tias cheeb tsam no yog dominated by loam los yog xuab zeb, qhov no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog siv cov chiv txhua xyoo.
Nws yog heev undesirable cog ib ntu cheeb tsam nrog stagnant hauv av. Yog hais tias, txawm li ntawd los, nws tau txiav txim siab ua qhov no, ces nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los cog rau ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb uas tau npaj. Xwb, kua dej yuav npaj tau ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw tsaws.
Thaum cog ib tug seedling tsis tau dhau lawm tob, paus caj dab yuav tsum 5 cm saum toj no hauv av. Pear lwm pear pollinator yog xav tauyog li ntawd nws yog zoo dua mus tau nws tam sim ntawd los ntawm cog ib thib ob sapling tsis deb ntawm thawj.
Pollinators rau pear ntau yam "Cathedral": Cov me nyuam; Lada; Chizhovskaya.
Nyob rau hauv lub tsaws qhov Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv cov organic fertilizer (humus, humus.) Yog hais tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, tsob ntoo yuav maj mam loj hlob, ua rau tsis muaj zog thiab muaj feem ntau raug rau tus kab mob.
Lwm cov chiv yuav siv tsis txhob humus:
| Fertilizer | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Superphosphate | 1 kg |
| Phosphoric Hmoov | 1.5 kg |
| Sulfuric Potassium | 150 g |
| Ntoo tshauv | 800 g |
| Ammonium nitrate | 80 g |
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tsob ntoo kuj yuav xav tau kev pub mis ntxiv, qhov zaus ntawm uas nyob ntawm cov av.
Fertilizing yog ua li cas rau cov av xau yog tias kuaj pom tsob ntoo pom tias nws qhov kev tsim nyog. Yog hais tias cov av yog cov pluag, ces txhua xyoo pub mis yog tsim nyog. Pob zeb chiv yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Kwv yees npaum li cas ntawm cov chiv rau ib thaj tsam li 1 m² ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas cog:
| Fertilizer | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Superphosphate | 40-50 g |
| Tshuaj kua phev | 20-25 g |
| Ammonium nitrate | 15-25 g |
| Cov tshuaj chloride | 15-20 g |
| Urea | 10-20 g |
| Ntoo tshauv | 700 g |
| Ammophos | 70-80 g |
TSEEM CEEB! Yog hais tias fertilizing yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj nitrogen!
Rau cov ciaj ntawm tsob ntoo no qee zaum pom zoo rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm flowering kom rhuav 80% ntawm cov paj. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, ib txhia gardeners ua tus rationing ntawm qoob loo.
Rau qhov lawv tuaj tos ib nrab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab. Yog li ntawd, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv ua kom loj thiab qab zib thaum lub txiv hle. Nws yog tseem ntseeg tias vim li no, tsob ntoo yuav zoo dua lub caij ntuj no.
Pruning pears ntawm Cathedral yog zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv lub hli, ua ntej Bud tawg. Txhaum cai yuav ua kom zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tiv thaiv cov ntoo ntawm cov kab mob.
Rau tej txheej txheem no, muaj ntau txoj cai:
- Lub ceg yog txiav ntawm lub hauv paus (tsis muaj khij).
- Ncau ceg rau hauv av yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
- Tsuas qaug zog tua raug txiav.
- Koj tuaj yeem muab rho tawm tsis tshaj 14 ntawm tag nrho cov ceg ntoo.
- Nyob rau ntawm ib tug hluas sapling, ua ntej cog, tus ceg raug txiav mus rau 1/3.
Dej pear yog txaus ib zaug ib lub lim tiam., 1 thoob 2 zaug ib hnub twg rau txhua tsob ntoo. Thaum lub sij hawm fruiting lub sij hawm, tus nqi ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau nce, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm drought.
Qhov tsis muaj noo noo threatens tseem ceeb qoob loo tsis tsuas yog lub xyoo no, tab sis kuj xyoo tom ntej. Tab sis tom qab sau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo watering yuav tsum nres. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog tsuas yog ua dej nag thaum lub yim hli thiab lub 9 hli.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Thaum yug me nyuam pear cathedral, ib tug yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob ntawm tej hom kab mob:
- monilioz;
- cytosporosis;
- kabmob dub.
Pear ntawm no ntau yam me ntsis rau moniliosis thiab txheeb muaj rotting. Tab sis yog tias nws tshwm sim, nws tsim nyog tshem tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ob tsob ntoo thiab nws cov av.
Qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob nrog moniliosis yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tseem nyob rau hauv cov ceg ntoo thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab dai kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Yog hais tias lawv muaj kab nrib pleev, ces muaj qhov siab yuav kis tau tus kab mob.
Yog li ntawd, los ntawm pears dai ntawm cov ceg los ntawm xyoo tas los, koj yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm sai li sai tau. Kom tsis txhob ntuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab uas tej zaum kuj yuav kis tau tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov av noo noo thaum lub caij no.
Tej zaum yuav muaj cov kab mob moniliosis tsawg dua yog tias cov yas ntawm lub tsob ntoo yog qhov zoo.
Rau kev tiv thaiv, nws yog pom zoo kom mus tsuag tshuaj ntoo nrog ib tug daws ntawm urea (5-7%). Yuav kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej ua kev puas tsuaj.
Lwm cov txhais tau tias yuav raug siv:
- hlau los yog tooj liab ntsev;
- kua tshuaj manganese;
- Bordeaux sib tov.
Cytosporosis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib tsob ntoo uas tsis muaj zog.. Tshawb pom nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ntawm bark, uas maj pib qhuav tawm.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau thaj chaw cuam tshuam yog pom meej dub dub ntsiab lus - spores ntawm fungus, lub pathogen.
Tag nrho cov ceg yuav raug cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cytosporosis, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau txiav thiab hlawv tag nrho cov uas diseased ceg.
Yog tias lub cev ntoo raug mob, nws yuav tsum raug kho nrog tooj liab (2%) lossis hlau (3%) vitriol. Ua li no, dilute 20-30 g ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib liter dej.
Siv lub riam, kom huv si thaj chaw ntawm kev kis ntawm fungus, ces disinfect nrog npaj cov tshuaj. Qhov txhab yuav tsum tau smeared nrog vaj twawb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob no yog tu zoo: raws sij hawm pub thiab txiav.
Kabmob dub - Ib qho kab mob txaus ntshai heev, ua rau kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov ntoo. Tus kab mob no feem ntau yog nyob rau cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb uas muaj huab cua sov. Ua ntej, liab-xim av me ntsis tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, uas maj loj hlob. Mob tuag rau ntawm ceg tsis tuav rau ib lub sij hawm ntev thiab sai sai poob.
On txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lub xub ntiag ntawm fungus manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rot, cia li ua ntej maturation. Ua ntej, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hloov xim av, maj mam muab darkens thiab thaum kawg dries tawm.
Qhov cuam tshuam bark signals ib tug liab-xim av chaw, raws li nyob rau nplooj. Tom ntej no, qhov chaw mob loj hlob tuaj, thiab cov kab nrib pleev tau tsim ntawm tus neeg mob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab nyob zoo.
Nrog lub swb ntawm nplooj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv kabmob dub yog Bordeaux sib tov, uas yuav tsum tau sprayed tom qab flowering.
Tus kab mob kis tau tus mob tu thiab ua cov tooj liab los yog hlau sulphate kua.
Cuam tshuam nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. (hlawv), txawm tias lawv nyob rau hauv av. Kab mob qog nqaij hlav dub feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov ntoo tsis muaj zog.
Hla ntawm ntau yam pests, txhim khu kev qha tiv thaiv sunburn, raws li nrog ua liaj ua teb engineering yuav ua rau txo cov kab mob.
XIM! Hares thiab qee cov nas tsuag tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev ntoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij ntuj no (tshaib plab). Yuav zam tau qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhwv qhov qis dua ntawm pob tw nrog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau hla huab cua.
Yog hais tias nws tsis tau mus kis tau cov ntaub ntawv xws li, ces rau lub hom phiaj no tsis haum rau cov ntaub lis loos uas niaj hnub siv pantyhose.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub caij ntuj no pests, lawv yuav ua qhov haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Txawm hais tias lub cathedral ntau yam thiab muaj tus kabmob ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis qee zaus muaj mob hnyav thiab thaum tib lub sij hawm cov vov snow. Yog hais tias tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog, ces ib qho kev ntsuas yuav tsis yog qhov nyuaj.
Zoo kuj ua tau: Rogneda, Rossoshanskaya zoo nkauj, Yakovlevskaya thiab Wonderland.
Yog li ntawd, lub pear ntawm Cathedral muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm undoubted zoo.
- High frost tsis kam.
- Yeej zoo heev.
- Txhua xyoo fruiting.
- Siab tsis kam mus rau ntau cov kab mob fungal.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm hom no tsuas yog muaj lub txee me me thiab me me xwb. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg uas muaj ib tug papato pear nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb yeej tsis khuv xim lawv xaiv.
Tsob ntoo yog tsim rau cultivation nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia (tshwj tsis yog lub sab qaum teb sab qaum teb). Yog hais tias koj ua raws li tag nrho cov kev mob ntawm kev kho mob, tsob ntoo yuav ib xyoos ib zaug thov nws tus tswv nrog cua thiab noj qab haus huv txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
