Peb txhua tus nco qab txog zaj dab neeg "Lub Paj Ntshua Nplaim" uas tus ntxhais hluas nug nws txiv kom coj cov paj zoo nkauj tshaj hauv lub ntiaj teb los ntawm sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb tseem yuav tham txog txawv teb chaws cov kev xav: Orchid txawv xim xiav xim.
Paj lovers sai sai sweep cov nroj tsuag tawm lub rhawv thiab txaus siab them rau lawv nyob rau exorbitant nqi. Ntawm no tsuas yog xav tau cov neeg yuav khoom muaj lus nug, qhov twg tsis zoo ib yam xim twg?
Puas muaj dab tsi xiav xiav petals hauv no cog?
Orchids, zoo li lwm yam kab txawv nroj tsuag, muaj ntau hom duab thiab xim.. Xws li nyob rau hauv qhov muaj xiav thiab xiav hom, uas lawv tus kheej yog cov capricious heev. Los ntawm kev sib tw ntau hom, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav tib xim thiab hybrids. Kev tu tus tom kawg yooj yim dua rau lawv niam thiab txiv.
Keeb kwm ntawm artificially bred hom
Thawj qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv yog thawj xyoo 1856 los ntawm John Domini, thiab tom qab 7 xyoo, nws kuj tsa ib lub cev ntawm ob qho yeeb yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev yug me nyuam yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no paj rau tshwj xeeb qis tshaj tawm, uas cov kws tshawb fawb American Knudson tsim hauv xyoo 1920s.
Ua tsaug rau nws, nws los ua tau mus rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaj chaw ntawm seedlings thiab tsim lawv. Hnub no, tus naj npawb ntawm artificially zus orchid hom muaj twb dhau lawm ntau pua txhiab tus.
Ntuj xim ntau hom
Hais txog xiav orchids, thawj qhov lawv nco txog Wande. Lub vaj tse ntuj ntawm no paj zoo nkauj yog sab qab teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Thaib, sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Is Nrias teb. Cov nroj tsuag muaj zog keeb kwm uas mus sau mus rau ib lub tob ntawm peb meters. Tab sis nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws feature yog ntau yam xim: daj, liab, dawb, txawm speckled thiab striped. Hmoov tsis, tu rau ntau yam no yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm kev rau siab thiab kev paub, yog li koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug hybrid es tsis yog ib tug tiag tiag wanda nyob rau hauv lub khws.- Ascocendsy - Qhov no yog qhov feem ntau artificially muab tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg sib txuas lus ntawm cov orchids. Nws tau tsim los ntawm txoj kev hla kev hais lus ntawm Wanda thiab Ascocentrum thiab tseem muaj xim xiav xiav. Lub paj no tsis tshua heev thiab yooj yim hlob hauv tsev.
- Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau pom ntawm peb lub txee blue phalaenopsis. Lub npe ntawm lub paj los ntawm Greek phalania - "npauj" thiab opsis - "zoo sib xws", raws li nws discoverer ntawm thawj coj cov orchids rau fluttering kab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim thiab qab ntxiag los tu ib tug nroj tsuag txawm rau ib tug pib florist, thiab koj muaj peev xwm admire lub flowering ntau yam rau yuav luag txhua xyoo. Ntxoov, dhau lawm, rau txhua tus saj: los ntawm daj ntseg dawb kom nplua nuj ntshav. Tab sis ntawm no ntes tus ntes: Phalaenopsis tsis muaj lub xiav xim xiav! Ces dab tsi yog peb thiaj li muag hauv khw?
Hais txog xiav orchids, thawj qhov lawv nco txog Wande. Lub vaj tse ntuj ntawm no paj zoo nkauj yog sab qab teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Thaib, sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Is Nrias teb. Cov nroj tsuag muaj zog keeb kwm uas mus sau mus rau ib lub tob ntawm peb meters. Tab sis nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws feature yog ntau yam xim: daj, liab, dawb, txawm speckled thiab striped. Hmoov tsis, tu rau ntau yam no yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm kev rau siab thiab kev paub, yog li koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug hybrid es tsis yog ib tug tiag tiag wanda nyob rau hauv lub khws.Triumph ntawm breeders los yog ua lag luam ploy?
Rau thawj lub sij hawm uas tshwm sim ntawm yuav ua li cas xiav orchid phalaenopsis tshwm sim, lub ntiaj teb hais nyob rau hauv 2011. Ua ntej, ib qho amazing orchid twb nthuav tawm los ntawm ib tug ua liaj ua teb los ntawm South Florida, thiab ces qhov chaw zov me nyuam "Geest Orchideeën" muab tso rau tso saib nws qhov tsos. Nws yuav zoo li - ib qho kev xav!
Tab sis alas, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, lub paj tau artificially tsuas nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo dye. Thiab tsuas yog Pib thaum lub xyoo 2013, lub cev xiav orchid ntawm lub rooj sab laj nyob hauv Nyiv. - Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib txoj haujlwm ntev ntawm geneticists thiab breeders. Ib hom tsiaj hu ua Phalaenopsis Aphrodite.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus tub lag luam, paub txog qhov kev thov rau phalaenopsis txawv, txiav txim siab mus rau ntawm nws tus kheej yam xim los ntawm kev hno number case rau hauv paus, qia, los yog peduncle. Qhov ua kom yuam kev, cov khoom muag tau muag, tab sis cov neeg yuav khoom loj heev thaum lub sij hawm tom qab lub paj tawg paj dawb.
Thiab qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws: ntau zaus nws tsuas yog tuag ntawm lom. Yog li ntawd, ua tib zoo soj ntsuam lub orchid. Yog hais tias tsuas yog peduncle yog xim, ces txhua yam muaj peev xwm tsuas yog txwv rau lub ntxov tuag ntawm bud. Thaum txhaj tshuaj mus rau lwm qhov, nws yog qhov yuav poob tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
Kev saib xyuas hauv tsev
Teeb thiab kub
Txij li ntawm nyob rau hauv qhov, paj yog accustomed mus diffused lub teeb, cov nroj tsuag yuav zoo tshaj plaws noj paus nyob rau hauv lub Western los yog sab hnub tuaj qhov rai. Tab sis mus rau lub lauj kaub rau sab qaum teb los yog sab qab teb sab yog tsis pom zoo, txij thaum nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj ib qho shortage ntawm lub teeb, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - ib overabundance. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm orchids yog + 25 ° S. Thiab thiaj li hais tias orchid ntau feem ntau txaus siab nrog paj, lub hmo sov poob yuav tsum 5-10 degrees.
Tseem ceeb: Yog qhov kub poob qis los ntawm 15 ° C lossis ntau dua, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem khov thiab wither.
Humidity
Nyuaj noo noo rau ib lub paj - 50-70%. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, thaum huab cua ntawm cua kub ua drier, nws yog pom zoo kom muab tshuaj tsuag ib zaug ib hnub thaum sawv ntxov. Koj tuaj yeem muab cov nroj tsuag tso rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub nrog peb txwv thiab dej.
Watering
Sau lub substrate nrog noo noo yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev. Ua ntej, ib nrab immersion ntawm lub lauj kaub nyob rau hauv dej sov rau 15-30 feeb, ces cov nroj tsuag yuav nqus tus nqi ntawm cov kua. Lwm qhov kev xaiv dej yog siv ib da dej sov so, tsis tshua muaj dej kub los yog dej tau tuaj yeem ua tau.
Rau orchids, tshaj noo noo yog ntau txaus ntshai tshaj li nws tsis muaj peev xwm, yog li ua ntej watering nco ntsoov tias cov av yog kom qhuav.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Cia li yuav ib tsob nroj tsis tau noj. Tab sis tom qab ob peb lub hlis nws yuav tsum pib pib fertilize. Nws yuav tsum tau ua yam tsawg kawg ib zaug 4 lub lis piam. Los ntawm no yuav nyob ntawm seb zoo ntawm flowering.
Fertilize cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tsuas yog thaum cov av yog ntub, pub kom nws muaj peev xwm ua rau hlawv lub keeb kwm.
Hloov
Yog hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub paj tau loj hlob thiaj li hais tias lawv pib mus rau twj ywm cov av, ces nws yog lub sij hawm mus hloovQhov no yog ib txoj kev tseem ceeb heev rau ib tsob nroj uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav raws li kom zoo.
Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txiav tawm lub rotten qhov chaw.- Tom qab ntawd muab kua hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab sau nrog ib feem peb ntawm cov substrate.
- Nram qab no, muab sab hauv lub hauv paus ua haujlwm thiab ua tib zoo npog nrog lub ntiaj teb, tsis txhob kov cov ciav hlau.
Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txiav tawm lub rotten qhov chaw.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj xaiv txoj cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb sib tov.. Cov keeb kwm yuav tsum tau zoo qhov cua, thiab yog li ntawd cov av yuav tsum muaj xws li ntoo shavings thiab thee, Moss, perlite los yog crushed pob zeb.
Peb pom zoo kom saib cov yees duab hais txog qhov tseeb los yog cog qoob loo:
Yug me nyuam
Yog hais tias muaj ib lub siab xav ua cov qoob hauv orchids hauv tsev, ces hauv qab no yog 3 txoj hauv kev los ua nws.
Cov me nyuam
Koj tuaj yeem tshem cov nplai los ntawm kev tsaug zog raum nrog ib tug ntse hniav, thiab tom qab ntawd thov cytokinin ointment. Xyuas kom meej tias lub raum nws tus kheej tsis raug mob..
Los yog muab ib lub sphagnum rau ntawm lub raum, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog polyethylene. Tsis ntev ces cov me nyuam xav tau thiab thawj cov hauv paus hniav tshwm.
Cuttings
Peduncle raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab muab faib ua 3-4 centimeters ntev. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua txiav yuav tsum tau ib tug tsaug zog raum. Cov khib nyiab yog sprinkled nrog thee hmoov thiab ces muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov so, av. Tib qhov sphagnum yuav ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev ya raws.
Board: Koj tuaj yeem ua yooj yim dua. Thaum lub paj tau nres flowering, nws yog txiav tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev daws nrog fertilizer. Nws yog tsim nyog los muab cov txiav nrog txaus tshav ntuj, ces tom qab 1-2 lub hlis tua yuav tshwm rau nws.
Peb pom zoo kom saib cov yees duab los ntawm kev ua luam ntawm orchid los ntawm txiav:
Lub qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob
Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag loj thiab noj qab haus huv, ces nws feem ntau muaj ib qho hluav taws xob ntxiv nrog nws cov hauv paus hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug hluas rosette yog sib cais nrog ib tug sterile riam los yog pruner, kho nrog tshauv los yog charcoal, qhuav, thiab ces cog rau hauv ib lub tshiab lauj kaub. Kev haus dej yog nqa tawm ntawm peb hnub tom qab kev sib hloov..
Peb pom zoo kom saib cov yees duab rau ntawm kev ua luam ntawm orchid los ntawm kev faib cov qhov tso zis:
Kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Phalaenopsis poob nws qhov qub vim yog qhov tsis saib xyuas. Piv txwv li, nplooj ntoos wilting feem ntau txuam nrog ib tug tsis muaj noo noo, thiab yog hais tias nplooj nplooj rot thiab tig daj, watering yuav tsum tau txo. Nyob rau hauv cov no nws tseem pom zoo kom pom lub hauv paus system rau qhov muaj qhuav los yog rotten keeb kwm. Yog tias lawv, lawv raug muab tshem tawm.- Thaum twg muaj ib qho dhau ntawm lub teeb, cov nplooj zoo daj ntseg thiab hlawv tawm, tsaus me ntsis tshwm rau lawv. Txo qhov loj ntawm cov nplooj, gloss, tsis muaj paj qhia ntau blackout.
- Yog hais tias lub paj lacks muab kev pab cuam, ces nws cov nplooj loj hlob dull, thiab thaum twg overfeeding nrog chiv, tshuaj Burns ntawm daj xim tshwm rau lawv.
- Thaum lub tej yam kev mob yog tau ntsib, thiab cov nroj tsuag languishes, ces nws yog ib tug kab los yog kab mob.
- Li ntawd, phalaenopsis yuav raug tawm tsam cov aphids, tiv thaiv kab mob, cherevts, thrips. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm lawv, cov nroj tsuag yog ntxuav, thiab xwb ces mus rau kev ua tshuaj tua kab.
- Lub paj kuj tseem yooj yim rau xim av nplooj ntoos chaw, rot, fungal thiab kis kab mob. Cov kev kho mob yog ua tiav nrog kev npaj tshwj xeeb raws li cov lus qhia.
Phalaenopsis poob nws qhov qub vim yog qhov tsis saib xyuas. Piv txwv li, nplooj ntoos wilting feem ntau txuam nrog ib tug tsis muaj noo noo, thiab yog hais tias nplooj nplooj rot thiab tig daj, watering yuav tsum tau txo. Nyob rau hauv cov no nws tseem pom zoo kom pom lub hauv paus system rau qhov muaj qhuav los yog rotten keeb kwm. Yog tias lawv, lawv raug muab tshem tawm.Xaus
Thaum kawg, ob peb lub tswv yim rau cov neeg uas tseem xav yuav ib lub xiav orchid. Ntawm chav kawm Ib qho txawv txawv paj yog qhov zoo dua yuav khoom ntawm kev nthuav tawm.. Thiab yog tias koj txiav txim siab mus nkaum phalaenopsis, ces tsis txhob hnov qab xav txog qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj thiab tsis txhob noj cov nroj tsuag. Tab sis txawm tias thaum lub xim yuav tuaj, mob siab tu koj tus tsiaj tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav zoo siab rau koj nrog nws qhov kev zoo nkauj tau ntau xyoo!
